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Home / Equine Research Bank / Pain / Neuropathic changes in equine laminitis pain.
Pain2007; 132(3); 321-331; doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.08.035

Neuropathic changes in equine laminitis pain.

Abstract: Laminitis is a common debilitating disease in horses that involves painful disruption of the lamellar dermo-epidermal junction within the hoof. This condition is often refractory to conventional anti-inflammatory analgesia and results in unremitting pain, which in severe cases requires euthanasia. The mechanisms underlying pain in laminitis were investigated using quantification of behavioural pain indicators in conjunction with histological studies of peripheral nerves innervating the hoof. Laminitic horses displayed consistently altered or abnormal behaviours such as increased forelimb lifting and an increased proportion of time spent at the back of the box compared to normal horses. Electron micrographic analysis of the digital nerve of laminitic horses showed peripheral nerve morphology to be abnormal, as well as having reduced numbers of unmyelinated (43.2%) and myelinated fibers (34.6%) compared to normal horses. Sensory nerve cell bodies innervating the hoof, in cervical, C8 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), showed an upregulated expression of the neuronal injury marker, activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) in both large NF-200-immunopositive neurons and small neurons that were either peripherin- or IB4-positive. A significantly increased expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was also observed in myelinated afferent neurons. These changes are similar to those reported in other neuropathic pain states and were not observed in the C4 DRG of laminitic horses, which is not associated with innervation of the forelimb. This study provides novel evidence for a neuropathic component to the chronic pain state associated with equine laminitis, indicating that anti-neuropathic analgesic treatment may well have a role in the management of this condition.
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Publication Date: 2007-11-01 PubMed ID: 17935886DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.08.035Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates why laminitis, a painful hoof disease in horses, often doesn’t respond to conventional pain relief and suggests a neuropathic basis for the relentless pain, which could lead to new treatment approaches.

Understanding Laminitis

  • Laminitis is a debilitating disease occurring in horses which results in painful disruption of the connection between the hoof and bone. Often, conventional anti-inflammatory pain relief methods are ineffective.
  • The primary aim of the study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the pain that accompanies laminitis in horses.
  • The lack of responsiveness to pain relief often results in the horse continuing to experience severe pain, eventually leading to euthanasia in extreme cases.

Research Approach

  • The study incorporated an examination of behavioural pain indicators and histological analysis of peripheral nerves in the hoof.
  • Behavioural indicators included altered behaviours in afflicted horses such as increased lifting of the forelimb and spending more time at the back of their enclosure.
  • The digital nerves of laminitic horses were also scrutinized using electron microscope, noting an abnormal morphology and reduced presence of unmyelinated and myelinated fibers compared to normal horses.

Key Findings

  • The study found increased expression of activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3), a marker of neuronal injury, in both large and small neurons innervating the hoof.
  • Neuropeptide Y (NPY), also had elevated presence in myelinated afferent neurons. Both of these biomarkers are associated with neuropathic pain in other contexts.
  • Moreover, these changes were not observed in certain areas that are not associated with innervation of the forelimb. Thus, highlighting the association with laminitis.

Conclusion and Implications

  • Overall, these results suggest that laminitis pain has a neuropathic component, meaning it stems from damage to the nervous system rather than inflammation or mechanical damage alone.
  • This newly discovered neuropathic nature of chronic pain associated with laminitis could imply that anti-neuropathic analgesic treatments could be used effectively for the management of laminitis.

Cite This Article

APA
Jones E, Viñuela-Fernandez I, Eager RA, Delaney A, Anderson H, Patel A, Robertson DC, Allchorne A, Sirinathsinghji EC, Milne EM, MacIntyre N, Shaw DJ, Waran NK, Mayhew J, Fleetwood-Walker SM. (2007). Neuropathic changes in equine laminitis pain. Pain, 132(3), 321-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.08.035

Publication

Pain
ISSN: 1872-6623
NlmUniqueID: 7508686
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 132
Issue: 3
Pages: 321-331

Researcher Affiliations

Jones, Emma
  • Centre for Neuroscience Research, Division of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, R(D)SVS, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
Viñuela-Fernandez, Ignacio
    Eager, Rachel A
      Delaney, Ada
        Anderson, Heather
          Patel, Anisha
            Robertson, Darren C
              Allchorne, Andrew
                Sirinathsinghji, Eva C
                  Milne, Elspeth M
                    MacIntyre, Neil
                      Shaw, Darren J
                        Waran, Natalie K
                          Mayhew, Joe
                            Fleetwood-Walker, Susan M

                              MeSH Terms

                              • Animals
                              • Female
                              • Foot Diseases / pathology
                              • Foot Diseases / veterinary
                              • Hoof and Claw / pathology
                              • Horse Diseases / pathology
                              • Horses
                              • Male
                              • Neuralgia / pathology
                              • Neuralgia / veterinary
                              • Pain / pathology
                              • Pain / veterinary
                              • Pain Measurement / veterinary
                              • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / pathology
                              • Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / veterinary

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