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International journal of molecular sciences2020; 21(4); 1432; doi: 10.3390/ijms21041432

Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares – a Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology.

Abstract: Post-breeding endometritis (i.e., inflammation/infection of the endometrium), is a physiological reaction taking place in the endometrium of mares within 48 hours post-breeding, aimed to clear seminal plasma, excess sperm, microorganisms, and debris from the uterine lumen in preparation for the arrival of an embryo. Mares are classified as susceptible or resistant to persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) based on their ability to clear this inflammation/infection by 48 hours post-breeding. Mares susceptible to PBIE, or those with difficulty clearing infection/inflammation, have a deficient immune response and compromised physical mechanisms of defense against infection. Molecular pathways of the innate immune response known to be involved in PBIE are discussed herein. The role of the adaptive uterine immune response on PBIE remains to be elucidated in horses. Advances in the pathobiology of microbes involved in PBIE are also revised here. Traditional and non-traditional therapeutic modalities for endometritis are contrasted and described in the context of clinical and molecular aspects. In recent years, the lack of efficacy of traditional therapeutic modalities, alongside the ever-increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, has enforced the development of non-traditional therapies. Novel biological products capable of modulating the endometrial inflammatory response are also discussed here as part of the non-traditional therapies for endometritis.
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Publication Date: 2020-02-20 PubMed ID: 32093296PubMed Central: PMC7073041DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041432Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study explores the challenge of persistent post-breeding endometritis in mares, investigating the infection’s clinical aspects, immunopathogenesis, and pathobiology. It also evaluates available, evolving therapeutic modalities for treating the condition.

Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis (PBIE)

  • The article starts by detailing persistent post-breeding endometritis (PBIE). This is a physiological reaction within a mare’s endometrium, that usually occurs within 48 hours of breeding. Its purpose is to flush out seminal plasma, surplus sperm, microorganisms, and debris from the horse’s uterine lumen in readiness for incoming embryos.
  • According to the article, mares are grouped as either susceptible or resistant to PBIE, depending on their ability to eliminate the resultant inflammation/infection within 48 hours following breeding. Those mares that are susceptible to PBIE generally have a poor immune response and compromised defense mechanisms against the infection.

Innate and Adaptive Immune Response

  • The study then examines the role of the innate and adaptive immune response involved in PBIE. It delves into the molecular pathways of the innate immune response known to participate in PBIE.
  • Interestingly, the adaptive uterine immune response’s actual role in PBIE remains inconclusive and is an area that requires further exploration.

Pathobiology of Microbes

  • The researchers also delve into the role of microbes in PBIE. They discuss recent developments in understanding the pathobiology of these microorganisms and their involvement in endometritis.

Therapeutic Modalities for Endometritis

  • The paper contrasts traditional and unconventional therapeutic modalities for endometritis, providing essential context in terms of both clinical and molecular aspects.
  • Recently, the rising incidence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and the ineffectiveness of traditional therapeutic methods have driven the development of atypical therapeutic approaches.
  • The article points to novel biological products capable of modulating the endometrial inflammatory reaction as elements of these non-traditional therapies. These are presented as potential solutions to the ever-evolving challenge of endometritis in mares.

Cite This Article

APA
Canisso IF, Segabinazzi LGTM, Fedorka CE. (2020). Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis in Mares – a Multifaceted Challenge: From Clinical Aspects to Immunopathogenesis and Pathobiology. Int J Mol Sci, 21(4), 1432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041432

Publication

International journal of molecular sciences
ISSN: 1422-0067
NlmUniqueID: 101092791
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 4
PII: 1432

Researcher Affiliations

Canisso, Igor F
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA.
Segabinazzi, Lorenzo G T M
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA.
  • Department of Animal Reproduction and Veterinary Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
Fedorka, Carleigh E
  • The Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Breeding
  • Endometritis / immunology
  • Endometritis / pathology
  • Endometritis / therapy
  • Endometritis / veterinary
  • Female
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horse Diseases / therapy
  • Horses / immunology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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