Range of back movement at trot in horses without back pain.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research study focuses on determining the usual range of back movements in healthy horses while they are trotting. Understanding this can help in diagnosing and treating horses experiencing back pain.
Methodology
The research involved a selection of 22 fully grown horses that showed no clinical symptoms of back pain. The primary technique for evaluating the horses’ back movements was through a motion analysis system, while the horses were trotting on a treadmill. Markers were positioned on critical spots including the head, hooves, and parts of the spine. The markers provided the data required to map the horses’ back movements in a three-dimensional manner. Each movement’s results were translated and displayed as a percentage of the horse’s height at its withers (where the neck meets the back).
- The markers were primarily placed on the head, hooves, skin above the spine at T5, T10, T16, L3, and on two points on the sacrum (OS1 and OS2).
- The collected data served to determine the extent of the horses’ lateral and dorsoventral back movements.
Findings
The results displayed the maximum lateral and dorsoventral movement of each marked point on the horses, expressed as percentages. While trotting the maximum lateral movements at different spinal points ranged between 1.72% to 3.15% of the horse’s wither height, the maximum dorsoventral movements were slightly larger and ranged from 3.93% to 4.94%. These figures provide the base ranges of back movements in healthy horses while trotting.
- The highest maximum lateral movement, recorded at T5, was 3.15%.
- The highest maximum dorsoventral movement, recorded at T16, was 4.94%.
- Compared to when the horses were still or walking, the lateral movement was relatively lesser while trotting.
Implications
The study concludes that the dorsoventral movement of the back is generally larger than the lateral movement in a horse’s trot. However, the differences among the single markers are little. This investigation’s results can be used as standard comparative metrics when further studying equine back pain. This means veterinarians and equine therapists can use this data to differentiate normal back movements from abnormal ones that may indicate illnesses or injuries.
Cite This Article
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Exercise Test / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / physiology
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal / physiology
- Range of Motion, Articular / physiology
- Reference Values
- Spine / physiology
- Video Recording
Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Simonato SP, Bernardina GRD, Ferreira LCR, Silvatti AP, Barcelos KMC, da Fonseca BPA. 3D kinematic of the thoracolumbar spine in Mangalarga Marchador horses performing the marcha batida gait and being led by hand-A preliminary report. PLoS One 2021;16(7):e0253697.
- Byström A, Roepstorff L, Rhodin M, Serra Bragança F, Engell MT, Hernlund E, Persson-Sjödin E, van Weeren R, Weishaupt MA, Egenvall A. Lateral movement of the saddle relative to the equine spine in rising and sitting trot on a treadmill. PLoS One 2018;13(7):e0200534.
- Valentin S, Licka TF. Comparative need for spinal stabilisation between quadrupedal and bipedal locomotion. Comp Exerc Physiol 2015;11(2):95-105.
- Aoi S, Katayama D, Fujiki S, Tomita N, Funato T, Yamashita T, Senda K, Tsuchiya K. A stability-based mechanism for hysteresis in the walk-trot transition in quadruped locomotion. J R Soc Interface 2013 Apr 6;10(81):20120908.
