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Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire2016; 80(3); 217-224;

Relationship of skeletal muscle inflammation with obesity and obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia in horses.

Abstract: Local (skeletal muscle and adipose) and systemic inflammation are implicated in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance in humans. In horses, obesity is neither strongly nor consistently associated with systemic inflammation. The role of skeletal muscle inflammation in the development of insulin dysregulation (insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia) remains to be determined. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle inflammation is related to obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia in horses. Thirty-five light-breed horses with body condition scores (BCSs) of 3/9 to 9/9 were studied, including 7 obese, normoinsulinemic (BCS ≥ 7, resting serum insulin < 30 μIU/mL) and 6 obese, hyperinsulinemic (resting serum insulin ≥ 30 μIU/mL) horses. Inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated in skeletal muscle biopsies and plasma. Relationships between markers of inflammation and BCS were evaluated. To assess the role of inflammation in obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia, markers of inflammation were compared among lean or ideal, normoinsulinemic (L-NI); obese, normoinsulinemic (O-NI); and obese, hyperinsulinemic (O-HI) horses. Skeletal muscle and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) concentrations were negatively correlated with BCS. When comparing inflammatory markers among groups, skeletal muscle TNFα was lower in the O-HI group than in the O-NI or L-NI groups. In horses, neither skeletal muscle nor systemic inflammation appears to be positively related to obesity or obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia. L’inflammation locale (muscle squelettique et tissu adipeux) et systémique sont impliquées dans le développement de la résistance à l’insuline associée à l’obésité chez l’humain. Chez les chevaux, l’obésité n’est pas fortement ou de manière constante associée avec l’inflammation systémique. Le rôle de l’inflammation des muscles squelettiques dans le développement de la dérégulation de l’insuline (résistance à l’insuline ou hyper-insulinémie) reste à être déterminé. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que chez les chevaux l’inflammation des muscles squelettiques est reliée à l’hyper-insulinémie associée à l’obésité. Trente-cinq chevaux de race légère avec des pointages de condition corporelle (PCCs) variant de 3/9 à 9/9 ont été étudiés, incluant sept chevaux obèses, normo-insulinémique (PCC ≥ 7, insuline sérique au repos < 30 μUI/mL) et six chevaux obèses, hyper-insulinémique (insuline sérique au repos ≥ 30 μUI/mL). Les biomarqueurs de l’inflammation ont été évalués dans des biopsies de muscles squelettiques et le plasma. Les relations entre les marqueurs de l’inflammation et le PCC ont été évaluées. Pour apprécier le rôle de l’inflammation dans l’hyper-insulinémie associée à l’obésité, les marqueurs de l’inflammation ont été comparés parmi les chevaux élancés ou idéal, normo-insulinémique (L-NI); les chevaux obèses, normo-insulinémique (O-NI); et les chevaux obèses, hyperinsulinémique (O-HI). Les concentrations du facteur nécrosant des tumeurs alpha (TNFα) étaient corrélées négativement avec le PCC. Lors de la comparaison des marqueurs de l’inflammation entre les groupes, la concentration de TNFα dans les muscles squelettiques était plus basse dans le groupe O-HI que dans les groupes O-NI ou L-NI. Chez les chevaux, ni l’inflammation systémique ou celle des muscles squelettiques ne semblent reliées positivement à l’obésité ou à l’hyper-insulinémie associée à l’obésité.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).
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Publication Date: 2016-07-14 PubMed ID: 27408335PubMed Central: PMC4924556
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the relationship between skeletal muscle inflammation and obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia in horses. Findings suggest that neither skeletal muscle nor systemic inflammation appear to be positively correlated with obesity or obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia in horses.

Study Overview and Hypothesis

  • The study examined thirty-five light-breed horses with body condition scores (BCSs) ranging from 3/9 to 9/9. This sample included seven obese, normoinsulinemic horses (with BCS ≥ 7 and resting serum insulin < 30 μUI/mL) and six obese, hyperinsulinemic horses (with resting serum insulin ≥ 30 μIU/mL).
  • The study hypothesized that skeletal muscle inflammation is linked to obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia in horses.

Methods and Measurements

  • Inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated using skeletal muscle biopsies and plasma samples from the horses.
  • Researchers then assessed the relationships between these inflammation markers and the Body Conditioning Scores of the horses.
  • The role of inflammation in obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia was studied by comparing inflammation markers among lean or ideal, normoinsulinemic (L-NI); obese, normoinsulinemic (O-NI); and obese, hyperinsulinemic (O-HI) horses.

Findings

  • Skeletal muscle and plasma concentrations of a substance called tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were found to be negatively correlated with the BCS. This means that higher BCSs (indicating more fat accumulation) were associated with lower levels of TNFα in the muscle and plasma.
  • When comparing inflammation markers among the groups, skeletal muscle TNFα was found to be lower in the O-HI group than in the O-NI or L-NI groups. This implies that horses with obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia had lower levels of muscle inflammation as compared to normal or lean horses.

Conclusions

  • From these findings, it appears that neither skeletal muscle inflammation nor systemic inflammation are positively related to obesity or obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia in horses.
  • This contradicts the team’s initial hypothesis that suggested a clear connection between skeletal muscle inflammation and obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia.

Cite This Article

APA
Banse HE, Holbrook TC, Frank N, McFarlane D. (2016). Relationship of skeletal muscle inflammation with obesity and obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia in horses. Can J Vet Res, 80(3), 217-224.

Publication

Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
ISSN: 1928-9022
NlmUniqueID: 8607793
Country: Canada
Language: English
Volume: 80
Issue: 3
Pages: 217-224

Researcher Affiliations

Banse, Heidi E
  • Department of Physiological Sciences (Banse, McFarlane) and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Holbrook), Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Frank).
Holbrook, Todd C
  • Department of Physiological Sciences (Banse, McFarlane) and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Holbrook), Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Frank).
Frank, Nicholas
  • Department of Physiological Sciences (Banse, McFarlane) and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Holbrook), Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Frank).
McFarlane, Dianne
  • Department of Physiological Sciences (Banse, McFarlane) and Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Holbrook), Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536, USA (Frank).

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Biomarkers
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Horse Diseases / etiology
  • Horses
  • Hyperinsulinism / complications
  • Hyperinsulinism / veterinary
  • Inflammation / complications
  • Inflammation / veterinary
  • Insulin / metabolism
  • Male
  • Muscle, Skeletal / pathology
  • Muscular Diseases / complications
  • Muscular Diseases / veterinary
  • Obesity / complications
  • Obesity / veterinary

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Citations

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