Resistance to avermectin/milbemycin anthelmintics in equine cyathostomins – current situation.
Abstract: Avermectins and milbemycins (AM) are potent compounds against all major nematode parasites, but their continuous usage has led to the development of widespread resistance in many of the important species of ruminant and equine parasites. The exception to this has been the cyathostomins, where AM resistance was recently first reported only after decades of drug exposure. Data from a Brazilian study suggests that AM resistance has developed in cyathostomins and reports of shortened egg reappearance periods after ivermectin treatment have been published recently from USA and Germany. Thus, AM resistance in cyathostomins is an emerging worldwide concern, but there is only limited amount data on the extent of this problem. To limit the development and spread of AM-resistant cyathostomins the equine industry must implement new strategies for worm control, and the veterinary parasitology community must develop and validate improved protocols for detecting anthelmintic resistance in the field.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2011-10-18 PubMed ID: 22047763DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.013Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Review
- Anthelmintic Resistance
- Anthelmintic Treatment
- Cyathostomins
- Diagnosis
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Disease Prevention
- Disease Treatment
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Science
- Horses
- Infection
- Infectious Disease
- Ivermectin
- Parasites
- Public Health
- Veterinary Care
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
- Veterinary Science
Summary
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The research article discusses the increasing resistance of equine cyathostomins, a type of parasite, to anthelmintics, specifically avermectins and milbemycins. The implication of this resistance for equine health and suggestions for control strategies are also discussed.
Increasing Resistance to Anthelmintics
- The report establishes that avermectins and milbemycins, powerful anthelmintic compounds, have become less successful against several significant species of ruminant and equine parasites owing to continuous use.
- In particular, the article highlights the increasing resistance among cyathostomins, a type of nematode parasite affecting horses. It’s important to note that AM resistance in cyathostomins has only recently been documented, despite several decades of AM exposure.
- The evidence of this resistance is derived from a Brazilian study which pointed out the development of AM resistance in cyathostomins. Further substantiation is provided by reports from the USA and Germany which have documented shortened egg reappearance periods following treatment with ivermectin, an avermectin.
Implications for Cyathostomin Control
- The authors express worry about the emerging issue of AM resistance in cyathostomins on a global scale. However, they admit that current data about the extent of this problem is limited.
- To counteract the development and spread of AM-resistant cyathostomins, the article recommends that the equine industry adopt new strategies for worm control. This might include rotating the types of anthelmintics used, managing the environment to reduce parasite numbers, and testing individuals horses for drug resistance before treatment.
Need for Enhanced Detection Methods
- Moreover, the authors call upon the veterinary parasitology community to work towards improving and validating protocols for detecting anthelmintic resistance in the field.
- Such improvements could reveal accurate information about the scale of the problem and help in the development of more effective preventive and control measures.
Cite This Article
APA
Molento MB, Nielsen MK, Kaplan RM.
(2011).
Resistance to avermectin/milbemycin anthelmintics in equine cyathostomins – current situation.
Vet Parasitol, 185(1), 16-24.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.10.013 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. molento@ufpr.br
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anthelmintics / pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Horse Diseases / diagnosis
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / parasitology
- Horses
- Ivermectin / analogs & derivatives
- Ivermectin / pharmacology
- Macrolides / pharmacology
- Strongylida Infections / diagnosis
- Strongylida Infections / drug therapy
- Strongylida Infections / parasitology
- Strongylida Infections / veterinary
- Strongyloidea / drug effects
Citations
This article has been cited 10 times.- Elghryani N, Lawlor A, McOwan T, de Waal T. Unravelling the Effectiveness of Anthelmintic Treatments on Equine Strongyles on Irish Farms. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jul 2;14(13).
- Buono F, Veneziano V, Veronesi F, Molento MB. Horse and donkey parasitology: differences and analogies for a correct diagnostic and management of major helminth infections. Parasitology 2023 Oct;150(12):1119-1138.
- Zanet S, Battisti E, Labate F, Oberto F, Ferroglio E. Reduced Efficacy of Fenbendazole and Pyrantel Pamoate Treatments against Intestinal Nematodes of Stud and Performance Horses. Vet Sci 2021 Mar 5;8(3).
- Fesseha H, Mathewos M, Kidanemariam F. Anthelmintic Efficacy of Strongyle Nematodes to Ivermectin and Fenbendazole on Working Donkeys (Equus asinus) in and around Hosaena Town, Southern Ethiopia. Vet Med Int 2020;2020:4868797.
- Tinkler SH. Preventive chemotherapy and anthelmintic resistance of soil-transmitted helminths - Can we learn nothing from veterinary medicine?. One Health 2020 Jun;9:100106.
- Prichard RK, Geary TG. Perspectives on the utility of moxidectin for the control of parasitic nematodes in the face of developing anthelmintic resistance. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019 Aug;10:69-83.
- Sanna G, Pipia AP, Tamponi C, Manca R, Varcasia A, Traversa D, Scala A. Anthelmintics efficacy against intestinal strongyles in horses of Sardinia, Italy. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2016 Jun;1(2):15-19.
- Misuno E, Clark CR, Anderson SL, Jenkins E, Wagner B, Dembek K, Petrie L. Characteristics of parasitic egg shedding over a 1-year period in foals and their dams in 2 farms in central Saskatchewan. Can Vet J 2018 Mar;59(3):284-292.
- Cable J, Barber I, Boag B, Ellison AR, Morgan ER, Murray K, Pascoe EL, Sait SM, Wilson AJ, Booth M. Global change, parasite transmission and disease control: lessons from ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017 May 5;372(1719).
- Kaschny M, Demeler J, Janssen IJ, Kuzmina TA, Besognet B, Kanellos T, Kerboeuf D, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Krücken J. Macrocyclic lactones differ in interaction with recombinant P-glycoprotein 9 of the parasitic nematode Cylicocylus elongatus and ketoconazole in a yeast growth assay. PLoS Pathog 2015 Apr;11(4):e1004781.
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