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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2024; 14(20); 2979; doi: 10.3390/ani14202979

Stability of Gastric Fluid and Fecal Microbial Populations in Healthy Horses under Pasture and Stable Conditions.

Abstract: Equine gastrointestinal microbial communities vary across the gastrointestinal tract and in response to diet or disease. Understanding the composition and stability of gastric fluid microbiota in healthy horses is a prerequisite to understanding changes associated with the development of disease. The objective of this study was to describe microbial communities in the gastric fluid and feces of healthy horses longitudinally. Horses were maintained on pasture (6 weeks), stabled (5 weeks), then returned to pasture. A consistent forage diet was provided throughout. Native gastric fluid and feces were collected weekly for full-length 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and microbial profiling analysis. Fewer taxa were identified in the gastric fluid (770) than in the feces (5284). Species richness and diversity were significantly different between sample types ( < 0.001), but not between housing locations ( = 0.3). There was a significant effect of housing and horse on the Bray-Curtis compositional diversity of gastric ( = 0.005; = 0.009) and fecal ( = 0.001; = 0.001) microbiota. When horses moved from pasture to stable, the relative proportions of gastric fluid Lactobacillaceae increased and Streptococcaceae decreased, while fecal Firmicutes increased and Bacteriodota decreased. Within each housing condition, there was no significant week-to-week variation in gastric ( = 0.9) or fecal ( = 0.09) microbiota. Overall, these findings support the maintenance of stable gastric and fecal microbial populations under each management condition, providing a basis for further investigation of gastric fluid microbiota in diseases of the foregut.
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Publication Date: 2024-10-16 PubMed ID: 39457909PubMed Central: PMC11503871DOI: 10.3390/ani14202979Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates the impact of diet and living conditions on the stability and diversity of the bacteria present in the digestive system of healthy horses, particularly in the stomach and feces. The study suggests diet and housing conditions do affect various kinds of bacteria, but the overall populations remain stable week by week.

Objective and Method

  • The main aim of this study was to describe the compositions and stability of microbiota in the stomach fluid and feces of healthy horses over time.
  • The researchers carried out a longitudinal study where the horses were kept on pasture for 6 weeks, then stabled for 5 weeks, and then returned to pasture while maintaining a consistent forage diet throughout the study.
  • To study the microbial communities, gastric fluid and fecal samples were collected weekly and analyzed using full-length 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and microbial profiling.

Findings

  • Researchers found fewer microbial taxa (770) in the stomach fluid than in the feces (5284).
  • Species richness (the number of different species) and microbial diversity differed significantly between samples from the stomach fluid and feces, but not between samples taken from horses in different housing conditions.
  • Housing and the individual horse had a significant effect on the Bray-Curtis compositional diversity, a measure of the difference in species composition, of the microbiota in the stomach and feces.
  • Notably, with the change in housing from pasture to stable, there was an increase in Lactobacillaceae (a kind of bacteria) and a decrease in Streptococcaceae (another kind of bacteria) in the stomach fluid. At the same time, there was an increase in Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteriodota in the feces.
  • Despite these changes, there was no significant week-to-week variation in the microbiota in the stomach or feces within either housing condition.

Conclusion

The study concludes that the microbial populations in the stomach and feces of healthy horses remain stable over time despite changes in diet and housing conditions. The results provide a reference point for future research into how changes in the stomach microbiota might relate to diseases of the horse’s foregut.

Cite This Article

APA
Bishop RC, Kemper AM, Clark LV, Wilkins PA, McCoy AM. (2024). Stability of Gastric Fluid and Fecal Microbial Populations in Healthy Horses under Pasture and Stable Conditions. Animals (Basel), 14(20), 2979. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14202979

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 20
PII: 2979

Researcher Affiliations

Bishop, Rebecca C
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Kemper, Ann M
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Clark, Lindsay V
  • High-Performance Computing in Biology, Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
Wilkins, Pamela A
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
McCoy, Annette M
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.

Grant Funding

  • n/a / University of Illinois Microbiome Research Fund
  • D22EQ-452 / Morris Animal Foundation

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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