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Frontiers in veterinary science2020; 7; 278; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00278

Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Current State and Treatment Options.

Abstract: Regenerative medicine is a branch of medicine that develops methods to grow, repair, or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissues. It has gained significant momentum in recent years. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the capability to self-renew and differentiate into tissue cells with specialized functions. Stem cell therapies are therefore used to overcome the body's inability to regenerate damaged tissues and metabolic processes after acute or chronic insult. The concept of stem cell therapy was first introduced in 1991 by Caplan, who proposed that massive differentiation of cells into the desired tissue could be achieved by isolation, cultivation, and expansion of stem cells in in vitro conditions. Among different stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) currently seem to be the most suitable for therapeutic purposes, based on their simple isolation and culturing techniques, and lack of ethical issues regarding their usage. Because of their remarkable immunomodulatory abilities, MSCs are increasingly gaining recognition in veterinary medicine. Developments are primarily driven by the limitations of current treatment options for various medical problems in different animal species. MSCs represent a possible therapeutic option for many animal diseases, such as orthopedic, orodental and digestive tract diseases, liver, renal, cardiac, respiratory, neuromuscular, dermal, olfactory, and reproductive system diseases. Although we are progressively gaining an understanding of MSC behavior and their mechanisms of action, some of the issues considering their use for therapy are yet to be resolved. The aim of this review is first to summarize the current knowledge and stress out major issues in stem cell based therapies in veterinary medicine and, secondly, to present results of clinical usage of stem cells in veterinary patients.
Copyright © 2020 Voga, Adamic, Vengust and Majdic.
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Publication Date: 2020-05-29 PubMed ID: 32656249PubMed Central: PMC7326035DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00278Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research article discusses the role of stem cells in veterinary medicine and how regenerative medicine, specifically through the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), may offer promising treatment options for various animal diseases.

Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells

  • Regenerative medicine is a field that aims to replace or repair damaged cells, tissues, or organs. It is a rapidly evolving area and has gained significant momentum in recent years.
  • The core of this approach lies in stem cells – undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation (turning into different types of cells). Stem cells therapy is used to aid the body’s regeneration of damaged tissues, overcoming its inability to do so efficiently.
  • First proposed by Caplan in 1991, the concept of stem cell therapy involves isolating, cultivating, and expanding stem cells to aim for a massive differentiation of these cells into the required tissue type.

Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)

  • Of different stem cell types, MSCs are favored for therapeutic purposes due to their simple isolation and culturing techniques, and the absence of ethical issues related to their usage.
  • MSCs have strong immunomodulatory abilities, making them increasingly popular in veterinary medicine where they could be a potential solution for various conditions affecting animals. These include diseases impacting the orthopedic, orodental and digestive tract, liver, kidney, heart, respiratory system, neuromuscular functions, skin, olfaction (sense of smell), and reproductive system.

Challenges and Future Directions

  • While our understanding of MSCs, their behaviours and how they perform their actions is growing, many issues regarding their therapeutic use remain unresolved.
  • The goal of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on stem cell therapies in veterinary medicine, highlight major issues, and discuss the clinical application of stem cells in treating animal patients.

Cite This Article

APA
Voga M, Adamic N, Vengust M, Majdic G. (2020). Stem Cells in Veterinary Medicine-Current State and Treatment Options. Front Vet Sci, 7, 278. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00278

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 7
Pages: 278

Researcher Affiliations

Voga, Metka
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Adamic, Neza
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Vengust, Modest
  • Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Majdic, Gregor
  • University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

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