FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Study of the Metabolomics of Equine Preovulatory Follicular ...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2020; 10(5); 883; doi: 10.3390/ani10050883

Study of the Metabolomics of Equine Preovulatory Follicular Fluid: A Way to Improve Current In Vitro Maturation Media.

Abstract: Production of equine embryos in vitro is currently a commercial technique and a reliable way of obtaining offspring. In order to produce those embryos, immature oocytes are retrieved from postmortem ovaries or live mares by ovum pick-up (OPU), matured in vitro (IVM), fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and cultured until day 8-10 of development. However, at best, roughly 10% of the oocytes matured in vitro and followed by ICSI end up in successful pregnancy and foaling, and this could be due to suboptimal IVM conditions. Hence, in the present work, we aimed to elucidate the major metabolites present in equine preovulatory follicular fluid (FF) obtained from postmortem mares using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR). The results were contrasted against the composition of the most commonly used media for equine oocyte IVM: tissue culture medium 199 (TCM-199) and Dulbecco's modified eagle medium/nutrient mixture F-12 Ham (DMEM/F-12). Twenty-two metabolites were identified in equine FF; among these, nine of them are not included in the composition of DMEM/F-12 or TCM-199 media, including (mean ± SEM): acetylcarnitine (0.37 ± 0.2 mM), carnitine (0.09 ± 0.01 mM), citrate (0.4 ± 0.04 mM), creatine (0.36 ± 0.14 mM), creatine phosphate (0.36 ± 0.05 mM), fumarate (0.05 ± 0.007 mM), glucose-1-phosphate (6.9 ± 0.4 mM), histamine (0.25 ± 0.01 mM), or lactate (27.3 ± 2.2 mM). Besides, the mean concentration of core metabolites such as glucose varied (4.3 mM in FF vs. 5.55 mM in TCM-199 vs. 17.5 mM in DMEM/F-12). Hence, our data suggest that the currently used media for equine oocyte IVM can be further improved.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2020-05-19 PubMed ID: 32438699PubMed Central: PMC7278476DOI: 10.3390/ani10050883Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

A novel study investigated the metabolites in the preovulatory follicular fluid of horses, revealing potential areas for improving the in vitro maturation process of equine embryos.

Introduction

  • The research focuses on in vitro maturation (IVM) of equine oocytes, an essential process in the production of equine embryos. IVM techniques allow for embryos’ creation from both live mares or post-mortem ovary cells.
  • Despite advancements, this method’s success rate remains low; just about 10% of the oocytes matured in vitro resulted in successful pregnancies or foaling.
  • The study’s main objective is to identify the key metabolic compounds present in equine preovulatory follicular fluid (FF), potentially influencing the efficiency of IVM.

Methods

  • The study employed proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR) to identify the metabolites in equine preovulatory FF obtained from post-mortem mares.
  • The composition of these metabolites was then compared with that of the currently used media for equine oocyte IVM. The two primary media types are tissue culture medium 199 (TCM-199) and Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium/nutrient mixture F-12 Ham (DMEM/F-12).

Results

  • The research found 22 metabolites in equine FF. Some of these metabolites, including acetylcarnitine, carnitine, citrate, creatine, creatine phosphate, fumarate, glucose-1-phosphate, histamine, or lactate, are not included in the composition of DMEM/F-12 or TCM-199 media.
  • The study also noted a fluctuation in the concentration of core metabolites (like glucose) between FF and the two media types.

Conclusion

  • According to these results, the media currently employed for equine oocyte IVM might not fully represent the metabolic environment within the equine ovary. Thus, these findings suggest a scope for further improvement of these media based on the ‘in vivo’ metabolite concentrations.
  • It is believed that these improvements could potentially enhance the success rate of in vitro maturation of equine embryos.

Cite This Article

APA
Fernández-Hernández P, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, García-Marín LJ, Bragado MJ, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Millet Ó, Bruzzone C, González-Fernández L, Macías-García B. (2020). Study of the Metabolomics of Equine Preovulatory Follicular Fluid: A Way to Improve Current In Vitro Maturation Media. Animals (Basel), 10(5), 883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10050883

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
PII: 883

Researcher Affiliations

Fernández-Hernández, Pablo
  • Research Group of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction, Research Institute INBIO G + C, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
  • Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Sánchez-Calabuig, María Jesús
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
  • Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
García-Marín, Luis Jesús
  • Research Group of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction, Research Institute INBIO G + C, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
  • Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Bragado, María J
  • Research Group of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction, Research Institute INBIO G + C, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Gutiérrez-Adán, Alfonso
  • Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Millet, Óscar
  • Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab., CICbioGUNE, 48160 Vizcaya, Spain.
Bruzzone, Chiara
  • Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab., CICbioGUNE, 48160 Vizcaya, Spain.
González-Fernández, Lauro
  • Research Group of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction, Research Institute INBIO G + C, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
  • Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Macías-García, Beatriz
  • Research Group of Intracellular Signaling and Technology of Reproduction, Research Institute INBIO G + C, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
  • Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.

Grant Funding

  • AGL2017-84681-R / Agencia Estatal de Investigaciu00f3n
  • RYC-2017-21545 / Agencia Estatal de Investigaciu00f3n
  • TA18008 / Junta de Extremadura
  • Acciu00f3n II Beca RC4 / Universidad de Extremadura
  • RTI2018-093548-B-I00 / Agencia Estatal de Investigaciu00f3n

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

This article includes 42 references
  1. Hinrichs K. Assisted reproductive techniques in mares.. Reprod Domest Anim 2018 Sep;53 Suppl 2:4-13.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.13259pubmed: 30238661google scholar: lookup
  2. Velez IC, Arnold C, Jacobson CC, Norris JD, Choi YH, Edwards JF, Hayden SS, Hinrichs K. Effects of repeated transvaginal aspiration of immature follicles on mare health and ovarian status.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2012 Dec;(43):78-83.
    doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00606.xpubmed: 23447883google scholar: lookup
  3. Choi YH, Velez IC, Macías-García B, Riera FL, Ballard CS, Hinrichs K. Effect of clinically-related factors on in vitro blastocyst development after equine ICSI.. Theriogenology 2016 Apr 15;85(7):1289-96.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.015pubmed: 26777560google scholar: lookup
  4. Galli C, Duchi R, Colleoni S, Lagutina I, Lazzari G. Ovum pick up, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle, buffalo and horses: from the research laboratory to clinical practice.. Theriogenology 2014 Jan 1;81(1):138-51.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.008pubmed: 24274418google scholar: lookup
  5. Lewis N, Hinrichs K, Leese HJ, McG Argo C, Brison DR, Sturmey R. Energy metabolism of the equine cumulus oocyte complex during in vitro maturation.. Sci Rep 2020 Feb 26;10(1):3493.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60624-zpmc: PMC7044441pubmed: 32103136google scholar: lookup
  6. González-Fernández L, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Alves MG, Oliveira PF, Macedo S, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Rocha A, Macías-García B. Expanded equine cumulus-oocyte complexes exhibit higher meiotic competence and lower glucose consumption than compact cumulus-oocyte complexes.. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018 Jan;30(2):297-306.
    doi: 10.1071/RD16441pubmed: 28679463google scholar: lookup
  7. Galli C, Lazzari G. The manipulation of gametes and embryos in farm animals.. Reprod Domest Anim 2008 Jul;43 Suppl 2:1-7.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01136.xpubmed: 18638099google scholar: lookup
  8. Walter J, Huwiler F, Fortes C, Grossmann J, Roschitzki B, Hu J, Naegeli H, Laczko E, Bleul U. Analysis of the equine "cumulome" reveals major metabolic aberrations after maturation in vitro.. BMC Genomics 2019 Jul 17;20(1):588.
    doi: 10.1186/s12864-019-5836-5pmc: PMC6637639pubmed: 31315563google scholar: lookup
  9. Accogli G, Douet C, Ambruosi B, Martino NA, Uranio MF, Deleuze S, Dell'Aquila ME, Desantis S, Goudet G. Differential expression and localization of glycosidic residues in in vitro- and in vivo-matured cumulus-oocyte complexes in equine and porcine species.. Mol Reprod Dev 2014 Dec;81(12):1115-35.
    doi: 10.1002/mrd.22432pubmed: 25511183google scholar: lookup
  10. Embade N, Cannet C, Diercks T, Gil-Redondo R, Bruzzone C, Ansó S, Echevarría LR, Ayucar MMM, Collazos L, Lodoso B, Guerra E, Elorriaga IA, Kortajarena MÁ, Legorburu AP, Fang F, Astigarraga I, Schäfer H, Spraul M, Millet O. NMR-based newborn urine screening for optimized detection of inherited errors of metabolism.. Sci Rep 2019 Sep 10;9(1):13067.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49685-xpmc: PMC6736868pubmed: 31506554google scholar: lookup
  11. Beckonert O, Keun HC, Ebbels TM, Bundy J, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. Metabolic profiling, metabolomic and metabonomic procedures for NMR spectroscopy of urine, plasma, serum and tissue extracts.. Nat Protoc 2007;2(11):2692-703.
    doi: 10.1038/nprot.2007.376pubmed: 18007604google scholar: lookup
  12. Wishart DS. Quantitative metabolomics using NMR. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2008;27:228–237.
    doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.12.001google scholar: lookup
  13. González-Fernández L, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Calle-Guisado V, García-Marín LJ, Bragado MJ, Fernández-Hernández P, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Macías-García B. Stage-specific metabolomic changes in equine oviductal fluid: New insights into the equine fertilization environment.. Theriogenology 2020 Feb;143:35-43.
    doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.11.035pubmed: 31835098google scholar: lookup
  14. Gérard N, Loiseau S, Duchamp G, Seguin F. Analysis of the variations of follicular fluid composition during follicular growth and maturation in the mare using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR).. Reproduction 2002 Aug;124(2):241-8.
    doi: 10.1530/rep.0.1240241pubmed: 12141937google scholar: lookup
  15. Gu L, Liu H, Gu X, Boots C, Moley KH, Wang Q. Metabolic control of oocyte development: linking maternal nutrition and reproductive outcomes.. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015 Jan;72(2):251-71.
    doi: 10.1007/s00018-014-1739-4pmc: PMC4389777pubmed: 25280482google scholar: lookup
  16. Harvey AJ. Mitochondria in early development: linking the microenvironment, metabolism and the epigenome.. Reproduction 2019 May 1;157(5):R159-R179.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-18-0431pubmed: 30870807google scholar: lookup
  17. Piñero-Sagredo E, Nunes S, de Los Santos MJ, Celda B, Esteve V. NMR metabolic profile of human follicular fluid.. NMR Biomed 2010 Jun;23(5):485-95.
    doi: 10.1002/nbm.1488pubmed: 20336675google scholar: lookup
  18. Guo X, Wang X, Di R, Liu Q, Hu W, He X, Yu J, Zhang X, Zhang J, Broniowska K, Chen W, Wu C, Chu M. Metabolic Effects of FecB Gene on Follicular Fluid and Ovarian Vein Serum in Sheep (Ovis aries).. Int J Mol Sci 2018 Feb 11;19(2).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms19020539pmc: PMC5855761pubmed: 29439449google scholar: lookup
  19. Gérard N, Prades I, Couty M, Labberté M, Daels P, Duchamp G. Concentrations of glucose, pyruvate and lactate in relation to follicular growth, preovulatory maturation and oocyte nuclear maturation stage in the mare. Theriogenology 2000;53:372.
  20. Guarino VA, Oldham WM, Loscalzo J, Zhang YY. Reaction rate of pyruvate and hydrogen peroxide: assessing antioxidant capacity of pyruvate under biological conditions.. Sci Rep 2019 Dec 20;9(1):19568.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55951-9pmc: PMC6925109pubmed: 31862934google scholar: lookup
  21. Gérard N, Fahiminiya S, Grupen CG, Nadal-Desbarats L. Reproductive physiology and ovarian folliculogenesis examined via 1H-NMR metabolomics signatures: a comparative study of large and small follicles in three mammalian species (Bos taurus, Sus scrofa domesticus and Equus ferus caballus).. OMICS 2015 Jan;19(1):31-40.
    doi: 10.1089/omi.2014.0097pubmed: 25393852google scholar: lookup
  22. TEWS JK, CARTER SH, ROA PD, STONE WE. FREE AMINO ACIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS IN DOG BRAIN: POST-MORTEM AND ANOXIC CHANGES, EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION, AND LEVELS DURING SEIZURES INDUCED BY PICROTOXIN AND BY PENTYLENETETRAZOL.. J Neurochem 1963 Sep;10:641-53.
    doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.1963.tb08936.xpubmed: 14066625google scholar: lookup
  23. Engle CC, Foley CW. Certain physiochemical properties of uterine tubal fluid, follicular fluid, and blood plasma in the mare.. Am J Vet Res 1975 Feb;36(2):149-54.
    pubmed: 1167439
  24. Wallace M, Cottell E, Gibney MJ, McAuliffe FM, Wingfield M, Brennan L. An investigation into the relationship between the metabolic profile of follicular fluid, oocyte developmental potential, and implantation outcome.. Fertil Steril 2012 May;97(5):1078-84.e1-8.
    doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.01.122pubmed: 22365382google scholar: lookup
  25. Ménézo Y, Guérin P, Elder K. The oviduct: a neglected organ due for re-assessment in IVF.. Reprod Biomed Online 2015 Mar;30(3):233-40.
    doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.11.011pubmed: 25599823google scholar: lookup
  26. Lamy J, Gatien J, Dubuisson F, Nadal-Desbarats L, Salvetti P, Mermillod P, Saint-Dizier M. Metabolomic profiling of bovine oviductal fluid across the oestrous cycle using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018 Jun;30(7):1021-1028.
    doi: 10.1071/RD17389pubmed: 29301092google scholar: lookup
  27. Gatien J, Mermillod P, Tsikis G, Bernardi O, Janati Idrissi S, Uzbekov R, Le Bourhis D, Salvetti P, Almiñana C, Saint-Dizier M. Metabolomic Profile of Oviductal Extracellular Vesicles across the Estrous Cycle in Cattle.. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Dec 16;20(24).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms20246339pmc: PMC6941065pubmed: 31888194google scholar: lookup
  28. Marinaro F, Macías-García B, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Blázquez R, Álvarez V, Matilla E, Hernández N, Gómez-Serrano M, Jorge I, Vázquez J, González-Fernández L, Pericuesta E, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Casado JG. Extracellular vesicles derived from endometrial human mesenchymal stem cells enhance embryo yield and quality in an aged murine model†.. Biol Reprod 2019 May 1;100(5):1180-1192.
    doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioy263pubmed: 30596891google scholar: lookup
  29. Hung WT, Hong X, Christenson LK, McGinnis LK. Extracellular Vesicles from Bovine Follicular Fluid Support Cumulus Expansion.. Biol Reprod 2015 Nov;93(5):117.
    doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.132977pmc: PMC4712005pubmed: 26423123google scholar: lookup
  30. Montjean D, Entezami F, Lichtblau I, Belloc S, Gurgan T, Menezo Y. Carnitine content in the follicular fluid and expression of the enzymes involved in beta oxidation in oocytes and cumulus cells.. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012 Nov;29(11):1221-5.
    doi: 10.1007/s10815-012-9855-2pmc: PMC3510375pubmed: 23054356google scholar: lookup
  31. Chen M, Zhang B, Cai S, Zeng X, Ye Q, Mao X, Zhang S, Zeng X, Ye C, Qiao S. Metabolic disorder of amino acids, fatty acids and purines reflects the decreases in oocyte quality and potential in sows.. J Proteomics 2019 May 30;200:134-143.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.03.015pubmed: 30951908google scholar: lookup
  32. Hemmings KE, Maruthini D, Vyjayanthi S, Hogg JE, Balen AH, Campbell BK, Leese HJ, Picton HM. Amino acid turnover by human oocytes is influenced by gamete developmental competence, patient characteristics and gonadotrophin treatment.. Hum Reprod 2013 Apr;28(4):1031-44.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/des458pmc: PMC3600837pubmed: 23335609google scholar: lookup
  33. Houghton FD, Hawkhead JA, Humpherson PG, Hogg JE, Balen AH, Rutherford AJ, Leese HJ. Non-invasive amino acid turnover predicts human embryo developmental capacity.. Hum Reprod 2002 Apr;17(4):999-1005.
    doi: 10.1093/humrep/17.4.999pubmed: 11925397google scholar: lookup
  34. Steeves CL, Baltz JM. Regulation of intracellular glycine as an organic osmolyte in early preimplantation mouse embryos.. J Cell Physiol 2005 Jul;204(1):273-9.
    doi: 10.1002/jcp.20284pubmed: 15672418google scholar: lookup
  35. Hugentobler SA, Diskin MG, Leese HJ, Humpherson PG, Watson T, Sreenan JM, Morris DG. Amino acids in oviduct and uterine fluid and blood plasma during the estrous cycle in the bovine.. Mol Reprod Dev 2007 Apr;74(4):445-54.
    doi: 10.1002/mrd.20607pubmed: 16998855google scholar: lookup
  36. Sinclair KD, Lunn LA, Kwong WY, Wonnacott K, Linforth RS, Craigon J. Amino acid and fatty acid composition of follicular fluid as predictors of in-vitro embryo development.. Reprod Biomed Online 2008 Jun;16(6):859-68.
    doi: 10.1016/S1472-6483(10)60153-8pubmed: 18549697google scholar: lookup
  37. Uzbekova S, Salhab M, Perreau C, Mermillod P, Dupont J. Glycogen synthase kinase 3B in bovine oocytes and granulosa cells: possible involvement in meiosis during in vitro maturation.. Reproduction 2009 Aug;138(2):235-46.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-09-0136pubmed: 19470708google scholar: lookup
  38. Otani T, Maruo T, Yukimura N, Mochizuki M. Effect of insulin on porcine granulosa cells: implications of a possible receptor mediated action.. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1985 Jan;108(1):104-10.
    doi: 10.1530/acta.0.1080104pubmed: 3918396google scholar: lookup
  39. Schmidt G, Owman C, Sjöberg NO. Histamine induces ovulation in the isolated perfused rat ovary.. J Reprod Fertil 1986 Sep;78(1):159-66.
    doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0780159pubmed: 3761265google scholar: lookup
  40. Kobayashi Y, Wright KH, Santulli R, Kitai H, Wallach EE. Effect of histamine and histamine blockers on the ovulatory process in the vitro perfused rabbit ovary.. Biol Reprod 1983 Mar;28(2):385-92.
    doi: 10.1095/biolreprod28.2.385pubmed: 6838950google scholar: lookup
  41. Watson ED, Sertich PL. Concentrations of arachidonate metabolites, steroids and histamine in preovulatory horse follicles after administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin and the effect of intrafollicular injection of indomethacin.. J Endocrinol 1991 Apr;129(1):131-9.
    doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1290131pubmed: 2030323google scholar: lookup
  42. González-Fernández L, Macedo S, Lopes JS, Rocha A, Macías-García B. Effect of Different Media and Protein Source on Equine Gametes: Potential Impact During In Vitro Fertilization.. Reprod Domest Anim 2015 Dec;50(6):1039-46.
    doi: 10.1111/rda.12634pubmed: 26482800google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 10 times.
  1. Lawson EF, Grupen CG, Baker MA, Aitken RJ, Swegen A, Pollard CL, Gibb Z. Conception and early pregnancy in the mare: lipidomics the unexplored frontier. Reprod Fertil 2022 Jan 1;3(1):R1-R18.
    doi: 10.1530/RAF-21-0104pubmed: 35350651google scholar: lookup
  2. Lombó M, Ruiz-Díaz S, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ. Sperm Metabolomics through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 3;11(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11061669pubmed: 34205204google scholar: lookup
  3. Lee SH. Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells' Paracrine Factors in Conditioned Medium Can Enhance Porcine Oocyte Maturation and Subsequent Embryo Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Jan 8;22(2).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms22020579pubmed: 33430095google scholar: lookup
  4. Walter J, Colleoni S, Lazzari G, Fortes C, Grossmann J, Roschitzki B, Laczko E, Naegeli H, Bleul U, Galli C. Maturational competence of equine oocytes is associated with alterations in their 'cumulome'. Mol Hum Reprod 2024 Sep 12;30(9).
    doi: 10.1093/molehr/gaae033pubmed: 39288330google scholar: lookup
  5. Pan B, Qin J, Du K, Zhang L, Jia G, Ye J, Liang Q, Yang Q, Zhou G. Integrated ultrasensitive metabolomics and single-cell transcriptomics identify crucial regulators of sheep oocyte maturation and early embryo development in vitro. J Adv Res 2025 Jul;73:147-160.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.08.040pubmed: 39233000google scholar: lookup
  6. Luis-Calero M, Ortiz-Rodríguez JM, Fernández-Hernández P, Muñoz-García CC, Pericuesta E, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Marinaro F, Embade N, Conde R, Bizkarguenaga M, Millet Ó, González-Fernández L, Macías-García B. Preovulatory follicular fluid secretome added to in vitro maturation medium influences the metabolism of equine cumulus-oocyte complexes. BMC Vet Res 2024 Jun 25;20(1):272.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04129-1pubmed: 38918770google scholar: lookup
  7. Laus F, Bazzano M, Spaterna A, Laghi L, Marchegiani A. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Metabolomics: Current Applications in Equine Health Assessment. Metabolites 2024 May 7;14(5).
    doi: 10.3390/metabo14050269pubmed: 38786746google scholar: lookup
  8. Bresnahan DR, Catandi GD, Peters SO, Maclellan LJ, Broeckling CD, Carnevale EM. Maturation and culture affect the metabolomic profile of oocytes and follicular cells in young and old mares. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023;11:1280998.
    doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1280998pubmed: 38283993google scholar: lookup
  9. Akbari H, Foruozandeh H, Mohammadi M. Impact of Ovarian Factor Mediums on the Apoptotic Gene Expression and Embryo Quality Derived From Vitrified Immature Human Oocytes. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2023 Aug;73(4):309-315.
    doi: 10.1007/s13224-022-01726-8pubmed: 37701087google scholar: lookup
  10. Catandi GD, LiPuma L, Obeidat YM, Maclellan LJ, Broeckling CD, Chen T, Chicco AJ, Carnevale EM. Oocyte metabolic function, lipid composition, and developmental potential are altered by diet in older mares. Reproduction 2022 Apr 1;163(4):183-198.
    doi: 10.1530/REP-21-0351pubmed: 37379450google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.