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Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2014; 21(8); 1070-1076; doi: 10.1128/CVI.00258-14

Successful control of winter pyrexias caused by equine herpesvirus type 1 in Japanese training centers by achieving high vaccination coverage.

Abstract: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a major cause of winter pyrexia in racehorses in two training centers (Ritto and Miho) in Japan. Until the epizootic period of 2008-2009, a vaccination program using a killed EHV-1 vaccine targeted only susceptible 3-year-old horses with low antibody levels to EHV-1 antigens. However, because the protective effect was not satisfactory, in 2009-2010 the vaccination program was altered to target all 3-year-old horses. To evaluate the vaccine's efficacy, we investigated the number of horses with pyrexia due to EHV-1 or equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) infection or both and examined the vaccination coverage in the 3-year-old population and in the whole population before and after changes in the program. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) estimated numbers of horses infected with EHV-1 or EHV-4 or both, among pyretic horses from 1999-2000 to 2008-2009 were 105 ± 47 at Ritto and 66 ± 44 at Miho. Although the estimated number of infected horses did not change greatly in the first period of the current program, it decreased from the second period, with means (±SD) of 21 ± 12 at Ritto and 14 ± 15 at Miho from 2010-2011 to 2012-2013. Vaccination coverage in the 3-year-old population was 99.4% at Ritto and 99.8% at Miho in the first period, and similar values were maintained thereafter. Coverage in the whole population increased more gradually than that in the 3-year-old population. The results suggest that EHV-1 epizootics can be suppressed by maintaining high vaccination coverage, not only in the 3-year-old population but also in the whole population.
Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
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Publication Date: 2014-05-28 PubMed ID: 24872513PubMed Central: PMC4135906DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00258-14Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article discusses how the control of winter fever outbreaks in racehorses due to equine herpesvirus type 1 was achieved through the rolling out of a high coverage vaccination program at two Japanese training centers. This was after a previous program, which focused only on susceptible three-year-old horses with low antibody levels, was deemed unsatisfactory.

Background

  • The focus of this study is Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), a major cause of winter fever in racehorses at two training centers (Ritto and Miho) in Japan.
  • The research observes that until the epizootic period of 2008-2009, a vaccination program using a killed EHV-1 vaccine was employed, targeting only susceptible 3-year-old horses with low antibody levels to EHV-1 antigens.
  • However, this program did not provide satisfactory outcomes, leading to the program being adjusted in 2009-2010 to target all 3-year-old horses.

Methodology and Observations

  • The research team evaluated the vaccine’s efficacy by investigating the number of horses with fever due to EHV-1 or equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) infection, or both.
  • They also examined the vaccination coverage in the 3-year-old population and in the whole population before and after changes in the program.
  • It was observed that the estimated number of infected horses did not change significantly in the first period of the current program, but it decreased from the second period onwards.

Results

  • The vaccination coverage in 3-year-old horses was very high, at 99.4% at Ritto and 99.8% at Miho in the first period, and these values were maintained thereafter.
  • The vaccination coverage in the entire population increased at a slower rate than that in the 3-year-old population.
  • Conclusively, the research suggests that EHV-1 outbreaks can be suppressed by maintaining high vaccination coverage, particularly in the 3-year-old demographic but also in the entire population.

Cite This Article

APA
Bannai H, Mae N, Ode H, Nemoto M, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kondo T, Matsumura T. (2014). Successful control of winter pyrexias caused by equine herpesvirus type 1 in Japanese training centers by achieving high vaccination coverage. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 21(8), 1070-1076. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00258-14

Publication

Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI
ISSN: 1556-679X
NlmUniqueID: 101252125
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 21
Issue: 8
Pages: 1070-1076

Researcher Affiliations

Bannai, Hiroshi
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan bannai@epizoo.equinst.go.jp.
Mae, Naomi
  • Racehorse Clinic, Miho Training Center, Japan Racing Association, Miho, Ibaraki, Japan.
Ode, Hirotaka
  • Sports Science Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan.
Nemoto, Manabu
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
Tsujimura, Koji
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
Yamanaka, Takashi
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
Kondo, Takashi
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.
Matsumura, Tomio
  • Epizootic Research Center, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / blood
  • Fever / immunology
  • Fever / prevention & control
  • Fever / veterinary
  • Fever / virology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / immunology
  • Herpesviridae Infections / prevention & control
  • Herpesviridae Infections / virology
  • Herpesvirus 1, Equid / immunology
  • Herpesvirus 4, Equid / immunology
  • Herpesvirus Vaccines / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Japan
  • Mass Vaccination
  • Vaccination / statistics & numerical data
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Vaccines, Inactivated / immunology

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Cooper CJ, Arroyo LG, Pearl DL, Hewson J, Lillie BN. Survey of the equine broodmare industry, abortion, and equine herpesvirus-1 vaccination in Ontario. Can Vet J 2021 Feb;62(2):124-132.
    pubmed: 33542550
  2. Attili AR, Colognato R, Preziuso S, Moriconi M, Valentini S, Petrini S, De Mia GM, Cuteri V. Evaluation of Three Different Vaccination Protocols against EHV1/EHV4 Infection in Mares: Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. Vaccines (Basel) 2020 Jun 1;8(2).
    doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020268pubmed: 32492841google scholar: lookup
  3. Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Nemoto M, Ohta M, Yamanaka T, Kokado H, Matsumura T. Epizootiological investigation of equine herpesvirus type 1 infection among Japanese racehorses before and after the replacement of an inactivated vaccine with a modified live vaccine. BMC Vet Res 2019 Aug 6;15(1):280.
    doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-2036-0pubmed: 31387602google scholar: lookup
  4. Kambayashi Y, Bannai H, Nemoto M, Kawanishi N, Niwa H, Tsujimura K. Comparative analysis of 3 qPCR primer-probe sets for the detection of equid alphaherpesvirus 1. J Vet Diagn Invest 2026 Jan;38(1):77-83.
    doi: 10.1177/10406387251379857pubmed: 41055561google scholar: lookup
  5. Bannai H, Kambayashi Y, Kume K, Takebe N, Endo Y, Kawanishi N, Nemoto M, Tsujimura K. Reduction in endemic equine herpesvirus type-1 and type-4 infection among Thoroughbred yearlings through an updated vaccination program. J Equine Sci 2025 Jun;36(2):67-74.
    doi: 10.1294/jes.36.67pubmed: 40831999google scholar: lookup
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