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Marine drugs2017; 15(12); 385; doi: 10.3390/md15120385

The Cladophora glomerata Enriched by Biosorption Process in Cr(III) Improves Viability, and Reduces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Equine Metabolic Syndrome Derived Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells (ASCs) and Their Extracellular Vesicles (MV’s).

Abstract: This study investigated in vitro effects of freshwater alga water extract enriched during a biosorption process in Cr(III) trivalent chromium and chromium picolinate on adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (ASCs) and extracellular microvesicles (MVs) in equine metabolic syndrome-affected horses. Chemical characterisation of natural was performed with special emphasis on: vitamin C, vitamin E, total phenols, fatty acids, free and protein-bound amino acids as well as measured Cr in algal biomass. To examine the influence of water extracts, in vitro viability, oxidative stress factor accumulation, apoptosis, inflammatory response, biogenesis of mitochondria, autophagy in ASCs of EMS and secretory activity manifested by MV release were investigated. For this purpose, various methods of molecular biology and microscopic observations (i.e., immunofluorescence staining, SEM, TEM, FIB observations, mRNA and microRNA expression by RT-qPCR) were applied. The extract of enriched with Cr(III) ions reduced apoptosis and inflammation in ASCs of EMS horses through improvement of mitochondrial dynamics, decreasing of PDK4 expression and reduction of endoplastic reticulum stress. Moreover, it was found, that and Cr(III) induce antioxidative protection coming from enhanced SOD activity Therefore, enriched with Cr(III) ions might become an interesting future therapeutic agent in the pharmacological treatment of EMS horses.
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Publication Date: 2017-12-08 PubMed ID: 29292726PubMed Central: PMC5742845DOI: 10.3390/md15120385Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research investigates how extracts from a type of freshwater algae, enriched with trivalent chromium (Cr(III)), can potentially reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in stem cells derived from fat tissue (ASCs) and their microvesicles (MVs) in horses suffering from equine metabolic syndrome.

Study Details and Methods

  • The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of a type of freshwater alga known as “Cladophora glomerata” on adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal stem cells (ASCs) and extracellular microvesicles (MVs) in horses suffering from equine metabolic syndrome (EMS).
  • The algae were enriched with trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) during a biosorption process and chromium picolinate was also used.
  • Chemical characterisation of the algae was performed with a focus on vitamins like C and E, total phenols, fatty acids, amino acids, and Cr in the algae biomass.
  • The researchers then assessed the influence of these water extract on various cellular factors such as viability, oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammatory response, mitochondria biogenesis, autophagy in the ASCs of EMS horses, and the release of MVs.
  • Different molecular biology methods and microscopic observations such as immunofluorescence staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), focused ion beam (FIB) observations, and expression of mRNA and microRNA by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) were used in their analysis.

Findings

  • The researchers found that the extracts of Cladophora glomerata enriched with Cr(III) ions showed promising results such as reduction of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and inflammation in the ASCs of EMS horses.
  • These positive effects were achieved through improvements in the dynamics of the mitochondria, decrease in the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 (PDK4), and reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (cellular stress within the protein folding factory of the cell).
  • Furthermore, it was discovered that the algae and Cr(III) induce antioxidative protection coming from an enhanced Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity which is an enzyme that helps break down potentially harmful oxygen molecules in cells.

Conclusion

  • Therefore, based on these results, the study suggests that Cladophora glomerata algae enriched with Cr(III) ions may be used as a future therapeutic agent in the treatment of EMS in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Marycz K, Michalak I, Kocherova I, Marędziak M, Weiss C. (2017). The Cladophora glomerata Enriched by Biosorption Process in Cr(III) Improves Viability, and Reduces Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Equine Metabolic Syndrome Derived Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal Stem Cells (ASCs) and Their Extracellular Vesicles (MV’s). Mar Drugs, 15(12), 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/md15120385

Publication

Marine drugs
ISSN: 1660-3397
NlmUniqueID: 101213729
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 12
PII: 385

Researcher Affiliations

Marycz, Krzysztof
  • Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38 C, 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland. krzysztof.marycz@upwr.edu.pl.
  • Wroclawskie Ctr Badan EIT, Stabłowicka 147 St, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland. krzysztof.marycz@upwr.edu.pl.
Michalak, Izabela
  • Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25 St, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland. izabela.michalak@pwr.edu.pl.
Kocherova, Ievgeniia
  • Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38 C, 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland. kocherova.evgenia@gmail.com.
Marędziak, Monika
  • Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chelmonskiego 38 C, 50-630 Wroclaw, Poland. monika.maredziak@upwr.edu.pl.
Weiss, Christine
  • PferdePraxis Dr. Med. Vet. Daniel Weiss, Postmatte 14, CH-8807 Freienbach, Switzerland. d.weiss@horsedoc.ch.

MeSH Terms

  • Adipose Tissue / cytology
  • Adsorption
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Autophagy / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Chlorophyta / chemistry
  • Chromium / chemistry
  • Chromium / pharmacology
  • Extracellular Vesicles / drug effects
  • Extracellular Vesicles / physiology
  • Female
  • Horses
  • Male
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / cytology
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / drug effects
  • Mesenchymal Stem Cells / physiology
  • Metabolic Syndrome / drug therapy
  • Metabolic Syndrome / pathology
  • Metabolic Syndrome / veterinary
  • Mitochondria / drug effects
  • Mitochondria / physiology
  • Mitochondrial Dynamics
  • Oxidative Stress / drug effects
  • Plant Extracts / chemistry
  • Plant Extracts / pharmacology
  • Primary Cell Culture

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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