The Differences in Histoarchitecture of Hoof Lamellae between Obese and Lean Draft Horses.
Abstract: Obesity is a common problem in horses. The associations between obesity and equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and between EMS and laminitis are known. However, there is a lack of data on whether obesity itself can affect hoof lamellae. Forelimbs and blood from 12 draft horses (six obese and six lean) from a slaughterhouse were acquired. To exclude laminitis and EMS horses, insulin concentration was measured, and hooves were radiographed. Histological evaluation was performed. The shape of the primary and secondary epidermal lamellae (PEL and SEL) was evaluated, and the length of the keratinized and total primary epidermal lamellae was measured (KPEL and TEL). All horses showed pathological changes in lamellae. In the lean group, the changes were longer SELs, more proliferated and separated PDLs, and less standard PDLs. In the obese group, the changes were a lower number of club-shaped and standard SELs and significantly more tapered SELs. No difference in the shape of PELs and the length of KPELs was noticed. The research did not confirm the effects of obesity on lamellar failure. The measurements taken indicate that the lamellae are much longer compared to other research studies; this could indicate that the length of the PEL depends on the hoof size.
Publication Date: 2022-07-11 PubMed ID: 35883323PubMed Central: PMC9311632DOI: 10.3390/ani12141774Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
- Journal Article
Summary
This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.
The research article investigates the potential connection between obesity in horses and changes in the structure of their hoof lamellae. Despite significant changes being observed in the hooves of all horses, the study concluded that obesity does not directly cause lamellar failure.
Introduction to the Research
- The research focused on uncovering a potential link between obesity in horses and changes in hoof lamellae, which represents the tissue layers within the hooves. It is crucial as pathological changes in lamellae have been linked to laminitis, a painful and potentially debilitating foot disease.
- Although obesity is known to be connected with Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) and EMS with laminitis, researchers sought to uncover whether obesity itself can impact the structure of the hoof lamellae.
Methodology
- Samples and data were collected from 12 draft horses from a slaughterhouse, six of which were classified as obese and six as lean.
- To ensure only non-EMS and non-laminitic horses were studied, insulin concentration was measured, and hoof radiography was performed.
- Pathological examination of the hooves was carried out, with the shape of primary and secondary epidermal lamellae (PEL and SEL) being evaluated and measured.
Findings
- All horses exhibited alterations in lamellae, though the specific changes differed based on the obesity status of the horse.
- In lean horses, the changes included longer secondary epidermal lamellae (SEL)s, more proliferated and separated primary dermal lamellae (PDL)s, and less standard PDLs.
- In obese horses, researchers found fewer club-shaped and standard SELs, and significantly more tapered SELs, displaying a different pattern of pathological changes.
Conclusions and Implications
- The study concluded that obesity itself did not directly cause failure in hoof lamellae based on the measurements and evaluations performed.
- The report also made a specific observation related to the length of primary epidermal lamellae (PEL), it was found to be substantial as compared to previous studies, indicating that PEL length may be connected to hoof size.
- This study provides valuable details about the differences in hoof lamillae in lean and obese horses, leading to a better understanding of their hoof health and related diseases.
Cite This Article
APA
Senderska-Płonowska M, Siwińska N, Zak-Bochenek A, Rykała M, Słowikowska M, Madej JP, Kaleta-Kuratewicz K, Niedźwiedź A.
(2022).
The Differences in Histoarchitecture of Hoof Lamellae between Obese and Lean Draft Horses.
Animals (Basel), 12(14), 1774.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12141774 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
This article includes 29 references
- Thatcher CD, Pleasant RS, Geor RJ, Elvinger F, Negrin KA, Franklin J, Gay L, Werre SR. Prevalence of Obesity in Mature Horses: An Equine Body Condition Study. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 2008;92:222.
- Wyse CA, McNie KA, Tannahill VJ, Murray JK, Love S. Prevalence of obesity in riding horses in Scotland.. Vet Rec 2008 May 3;162(18):590-1.
- Robin CA, Ireland JL, Wylie CE, Collins SN, Verheyen KL, Newton JR. Prevalence of and risk factors for equine obesity in Great Britain based on owner-reported body condition scores.. Equine Vet J 2015 Mar;47(2):196-201.
- Jensen RB, Danielsen SH, Tauson AH. Body condition score, morphometric measurements and estimation of body weight in mature Icelandic horses in Denmark.. Acta Vet Scand 2016 Oct 20;58(Suppl 1):59.
- Pollard D, Wylie CE, Verheyen KLP, Newton JR. Identification of modifiable factors associated with owner-reported equine laminitis in Britain using a web-based cohort study approach.. BMC Vet Res 2019 Feb 12;15(1):59.
- Carslake HB, Pinchbeck GL, McGowan CM. Equine metabolic syndrome in UK native ponies and cobs is highly prevalent with modifiable risk factors.. Equine Vet J 2021 Sep;53(5):923-934.
- Johnson PJ, Wiedmeyer CE, Messer NT, Ganjam VK. Medical implications of obesity in horses--lessons for human obesity.. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2009 Jan;3(1):163-74.
- Banse HE, Holbrook TC, Frank N, McFarlane D. Relationship of skeletal muscle inflammation with obesity and obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia in horses.. Can J Vet Res 2016 Jul;80(3):217-24.
- Durham AE, Frank N, McGowan CM, Menzies-Gow NJ, Roelfsema E, Vervuert I, Feige K, Fey K. ECEIM consensus statement on equine metabolic syndrome.. J Vet Intern Med 2019 Mar;33(2):335-349.
- Frank N, Bailey S, Bertin F-R, Burns T, de Laat M, Durham A, Krichevsky J, Menzies-Gow N, Tadros L. Recommendtionf for Diagnosis and Treatment of Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS). 2018.
- Kahn BB, Flier JS. Obesity and insulin resistance.. J Clin Invest 2000 Aug;106(4):473-81.
- Wylie CE, Newton JR, Bathe AP, Payne RJ. Prevalence of supporting limb laminitis in a UK equine practice and referral hospital setting between 2005 and 2013: implications for future epidemiological studies.. Vet Rec 2015 Jan 17;176(3):72.
- Asplin KE, Sillence MN, Pollitt CC, McGowan CM. Induction of laminitis by prolonged hyperinsulinaemia in clinically normal ponies.. Vet J 2007 Nov;174(3):530-5.
- de Laat MA, McGowan CM, Sillence MN, Pollitt CC. Equine laminitis: induced by 48 h hyperinsulinaemia in Standardbred horses.. Equine Vet J 2010 Mar;42(2):129-35.
- van Eps AW, Burns TA. Are There Shared Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Different Clinical Forms of Laminitis and What Are the Implications for Prevention and Treatment?. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2019 Aug;35(2):379-398.
- Karikoski NP, Horn I, McGowan TW, McGowan CM. The prevalence of endocrinopathic laminitis among horses presented for laminitis at a first-opinion/referral equine hospital.. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2011 Oct;41(3):111-7.
- Patterson-Kane JC, Karikoski NP, McGowan CM. Paradigm shifts in understanding equine laminitis.. Vet J 2018 Jan;231:33-40.
- Van Eps AW, Pollitt CC. Equine laminitis model: lamellar histopathology seven days after induction with oligofructose.. Equine Vet J 2009 Nov;41(8):735-40.
- de Laat MA, van Eps AW, McGowan CM, Sillence MN, Pollitt CC. Equine laminitis: comparative histopathology 48 hours after experimental induction with insulin or alimentary oligofructose in standardbred horses.. J Comp Pathol 2011 Nov;145(4):399-409.
- Karikoski NP, McGowan CM, Singer ER, Asplin KE, Tulamo RM, Patterson-Kane JC. Pathology of Natural Cases of Equine Endocrinopathic Laminitis Associated With Hyperinsulinemia.. Vet Pathol 2015 Sep;52(5):945-56.
- Henneke DR, Potter GD, Kreider JL, Yeates BF. Relationship between condition score, physical measurements and body fat percentage in mares.. Equine Vet J 1983 Oct;15(4):371-2.
- Olley RB, Carslake HB, Ireland JL, McGowan CM. Comparison of fasted basal insulin with the combined glucose-insulin test in horses and ponies with suspected insulin dysregulation.. Vet J 2019 Oct;252:105351.
- Hampson BA, de Laat MA, Mills PC, Walsh DM, Pollitt CC. The feral horse foot. Part B: radiographic, gross visual and histopathological parameters of foot health in 100 Australian feral horses.. Aust Vet J 2013 Jan-Feb;91(1-2):23-30.
- Sarratt SM, Hood DM. Evaluation of architectural changes along the proximal to distal regions of the dorsal laminar interface in the equine hoof.. Am J Vet Res 2005 Feb;66(2):277-83.
- Bowker RM. The Growth and Adaptive Capabilities of the Hoof Wall and Sole: Functional Changes in Response to Stress. Proceedings of the 49th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners; New Orleans, LA, USA. 21–25 November 2003.
- Lancaster LS, Bowker RM, Mauer WA. Density and morphologic features of primary epidermal laminae in the feet of three-year-old racing Quarter Horses.. Am J Vet Res 2007 Jan;68(1):11-9.
- Thomason JJ, McClinchey HL, Faramarzi B, Jofriet JC. Mechanical behavior and quantitative morphology of the equine laminar junction.. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2005 Apr;283(2):366-79.
- Wylie CE, Collins SN, Verheyen KL, Richard Newton J. Frequency of equine laminitis: a systematic review with quality appraisal of published evidence.. Vet J 2011 Sep;189(3):248-56.
- Kawasako K, Higashi T, Nakaji Y, Komine M, Hirayama K, Matsuda K, Okamoto M, Hashimoto H, Tagami M, Tsunoda N, Taniyama H. Histologic evaluation of the diversity of epidermal laminae in hooves of horses without clinical signs of laminitis.. Am J Vet Res 2009 Feb;70(2):186-93.
Citations
This article has been cited 0 times.Use Nutrition Calculator
Check if your horse's diet meets their nutrition requirements with our easy-to-use tool Check your horse's diet with our easy-to-use tool
Talk to a Nutritionist
Discuss your horse's feeding plan with our experts over a free phone consultation Discuss your horse's diet over a phone consultation
Submit Diet Evaluation
Get a customized feeding plan for your horse formulated by our equine nutritionists Get a custom feeding plan formulated by our nutritionists
