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BMC veterinary research2019; 15(1); 59; doi: 10.1186/s12917-019-1798-8

Identification of modifiable factors associated with owner-reported equine laminitis in Britain using a web-based cohort study approach.

Pollard, D
·
Wylie, CE
·
Verheyen, KLP
·
Newton, JR

Abstract: Equine laminitis is a complex disease that manifests as pain and lameness in the feet, often with debilitating consequences. There is a paucity of data that accounts for the multifactorial nature of laminitis and considers time-varying covariates that may be associated with disease development; particularly those that are modifiable and present potential interventions. A previous case-control study identified a number of novel, modifiable factors associated with laminitis which warranted further investigation and corroboration. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with equine laminitis in horses/ponies in Great Britain (GB) using a prospective, web-based cohort study design, with particular interest in evaluating modifiable factors previously identified in the case-control study. Results: Self-selected horse/pony owners in GB submitted initial baseline and follow-up health and management questionnaires for 1070 horses/ponies between August 2014 and December 2016. The enrolled horses/ponies contributed 1068 horse-years at risk with a median of 38 days between questionnaire submissions. Owners reported 123 owner-recognised and/or veterinary-diagnosed episodes of active laminitis using a previously-validated laminitis reporting form. Multivariable Cox regression modelling identified 16 risk/protective factors associated with laminitis development. In keeping with the previous case-control study, a prior history of laminitis (particularly non-veterinary-diagnosed episodes), soreness after shoeing/trimming and weight gain were associated with higher rates of laminitis. There is now strong evidence that these risk factors should be used to guide future recommendations in disease prevention. Factors with some prior evidence of association included breed, steroidal anti-inflammatory administration, transport and worming. The modifiable factors amongst these should be the focus of future laminitis studies. The remainder of the identified factors relating to health, turnout and grazing management and feeding are novel, and require further investigation to explore their relationship with laminitis and their applicability as potential interventions. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated a temporal relationship between a number of horse- and management-level factors and laminitis, identifying potential interventions and important risk groups for which these interventions would be of particular importance. These results serve as a sound evidence-base towards the development of strategic recommendations for the horse/pony-owning population to reduce the rate of laminitis in GB.

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Publication Date: 2019-02-12 PubMed ID: 30755193PubMed Central: PMC6373032DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1798-8Google Scholar: Lookup

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Summary
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Affiliations
MeSH
Grants
Conflict of Interest
References
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Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article investigates the factors associated with the development of equine laminitis, a painful and often debilitating disease affecting horses’ feet, by using a web-based cohort study method. By evaluating previous field studies and current data, the study identifies 16 risk factors which could be instrumental in creating effective prevention strategies.

Objective and Methodology

The research aimed to identify risk factors linked to equine laminitis in horses and ponies in Great Britain with particular emphasis on modifiable factors that could potentially be used for interventions.
Utilizing a web-based cohort study approach, horse and pony owners submitted initial and follow-up health questionnaires for their animals from August 2014 to December 2016.
The method of study builds upon previous query data and involves a multivariable Cox regression model to identify risk factors.

Results

The questionnaire process included 1070 horses and ponies and gathered 1068 horse-years at risk data.
A total of 123 laminitis episodes were reported, using a previously validated laminitis reporting form.
The study identified 16 risk factors, notably a prior history of laminitis, soreness after shoeing/trimming, and weight gain, which were associated with higher incidence rates of the disease.
Further factors with some previous association included breed, steroidal anti-inflammatory administration, transport, and worming.

Significance and Future Studies

The results reinforce the importance of certain risk factors, which should guide future prevention recommendations.
Identified risk factors will be the focus of future laminitis studies as these are modifiable and present potential intervention possibilities.
New factors related to health, turnout, grazing management, and feeding are also identified and require further investigation to explore their relation to laminitis and their potential usage as interventions.

Conclusions

The study’s findings confirm a temporal relationship between various horse- and management-level factors and laminitis development.
It identifies potential interventions and specific risk groups that could greatly benefit from these interventions.
These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for developing strategic recommendations to help equine owners reduce laminitis cases in Great Britain.

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APA

Pollard D, Wylie CE, Verheyen KLP, Newton JR. (2019). Identification of modifiable factors associated with owner-reported equine laminitis in Britain using a web-based cohort study approach. BMC Vet Res, 15(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-1798-8

Publication

BMC veterinary research

ISSN: 1746-6148

NlmUniqueID: 101249759

Country: England

Language: English

Volume: 15

Issue: 1

Pages: 59

PII: 59

Researcher Affiliations

Pollard, D

Epidemiology Department, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK. danica.pollard@aht.org.uk.
Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK. danica.pollard@aht.org.uk.

Wylie, C E

Rossdales Equine Hospital, Exning, Newmarket, UK.
University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia.

Verheyen, K L P

Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, UK.

Newton, J R

Epidemiology Department, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.

MeSH Terms

Animal Husbandry
Animals
Female
Foot Diseases / etiology
Foot Diseases / prevention & control
Foot Diseases / veterinary
Hoof and Claw
Horse Diseases / etiology
Horse Diseases / prevention & control
Horses
Lameness, Animal / etiology
Lameness, Animal / prevention & control
Male
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
United Kingdom

Grant Funding

1301 Newton / World Horse Welfare
NA / The Margaret Giffen Charitable Trust
NA / The Margaret Giffen Charitable Trust
NA / Horserace Betting Levy Board
NA / Racehorse Owners Association
NA / Thoroughbred Breeders' Association

Conflict of Interest Statement

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE: This study was granted institutional ethical approval from the Animal Health Trust (AHT01–2014) and the Royal Veterinary College (2014 0105H). Animal use not applicable. Informed consent was obtained from study participants upon enrolment in the study. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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