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Home / Equine Research Bank / Vet Sci / The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in...
Veterinary sciences2021; 8(11); 276; doi: 10.3390/vetsci8110276

The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage.

Abstract: Mild-moderate (MEA), severe (SEA) equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are common respiratory disorders in horses. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the role of ultrasonography and endoscopy in the diagnosis of these conditions. Three hundred and three horses were included and divided into SEA, MEA and MEA + EIPH groups, on the basis of history, clinical examination and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology; scores were assigned to lung ultrasonography, pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH), tracheal mucus (TM) and tracheal bifurcation edema (TB). These scores were compared between groups, and their associations with age, BALf cytology, tracheal wash microbiology and between endoscopic and ultrasonographic scores were statistically analyzed. Ultrasonographic scores were higher in the SEA and MEA + EIPH groups and associated with increased BALf neutrophils and hemosiderophages. The PLH score was higher in younger horses affected by MEA and EIPH and associated with increased eosinophils and hemosiderophages. TM and TB scores were greater in older horses affected by SEA, associated with increased neutrophils and inversely correlated with hemosiderophages. Moreover, TM grade was negatively correlated with mast cells. Thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy can provide useful information about the inflammatory status of upper and lower airways in the horse.
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Publication Date: 2021-11-15 PubMed ID: 34822649PubMed Central: PMC8619806DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110276Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the utility of thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy in the diagnosis of common respiratory disorders in horses, including mild to severe equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.

Study Overview and Methodology

  • This research is a retrospective study that evaluated the roles of ultrasonography and endoscopy in diagnosing mild-moderate equine asthma (MEA), severe equine asthma (SEA), and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH).
  • The study involved a total of 303 horses, which were categorised into three groups (SEA, MEA, and MEA + EIPH) based on their health history, clinical examination, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology results.
  • Scores were assigned to four parameters: lung ultrasonography, pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH, abnormal growth of lymph cells), tracheal mucus (TM), and tracheal bifurcation edema (TB, swelling at the point where the trachea splits into the bronchi).
  • These scores were then compared across the groups and correlated with factors like age, BALf cytology, tracheal wash microbiology, and between endoscopic and ultrasonographic scores for statistical analysis.

Key Findings

  • Ultrasonographic scores were found to be higher in the SEA and MEA + EIPH groups, signaling that these conditions lead to distinct changes that can be identified via ultrasonography. These scores were also associated with an increase in neutrophils (white blood cells that fight infection) and hemosiderophages (cells that have consumed hemoglobin) in the BALf cytology.
  • The PLH score was elevated in younger horses affected by MEA and EIPH, and was associated with an increase in eosinophils (a type of white blood cell involved in allergic responses and fighting parasites) and hemosiderophages.
  • TM and TB scores were found to be higher in older horses affected by SEA. These scores were correlated with an increase in neutrophils and an inverse relationship with hemosiderophages, while the TM grade showed a negative correlation with mast cells (cells involved in the immune response).

Conclusion

  • The study concludes that both thoracic ultrasonography and airway endoscopy can offer valuable information regarding the inflammatory status of both the upper and lower airways in horses.
  • This information can enhance understanding and improve diagnostic strategies for common horse respiratory ailments like equine asthma and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.

Cite This Article

APA
(2021). The Role of Thoracic Ultrasonography and Airway Endoscopy in the Diagnosis of Equine Asthma and Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage. Vet Sci, 8(11), 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110276

Publication

Veterinary sciences
ISSN: 2306-7381
NlmUniqueID: 101680127
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Issue: 11
PII: 276

Researcher Affiliations

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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