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Current opinion in virology2017; 28; 7-11; doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.09.004

Transmission of henipaviruses.

Abstract: The genus Henipavirus has expanded rapidly in geographic range, number of species, and host range. Hendra and Nipah virus are two henipaviruses known to cause severe disease in humans with a high case-fatality rate. Pteropid spp. bats are the natural reservoir of Hendra and Nipah virus. From these bats, virus can be transmitted to an amplifying host, horses and pigs, and from these hosts to humans, or the virus can be transmitted directly to humans. Although the main route of shedding varies between host species, close contact is required for transmission in all hosts. Understanding the transmission routes of Hendra and Nipah virus in their respective hosts is essential for devising strategies to block zoonotic transmission.
Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Publication Date: 2017-10-14 PubMed ID: 29035743PubMed Central: PMC5835161DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.09.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This article focuses on henipaviruses, specifically Hendra and Nipah virus, which are known to cause severe illness in humans. The study explores the transmission routes of these viruses from their natural reservoir, Pteropid bats, to amplifying hosts like horses and pigs, and then to humans. The need for close contact for transmission among all hosts is also emphasized on.

Henipaviruses Expansion

  • The study reveals that the Henipavirus genus has increased rapidly in terms of geographic range, species number and span of hosts. This growth signifies a significant concern for human health due to its zoonotic potential, where the viruses can jump from animals to humans.

Hendra and Nipah virus

  • Hendra and Nipah virus are two particular henipaviruses causing severe diseases in humans with high fatality rates. Researching these viruses is key due to their ability to induce severe health conditions and their high lethal potential to humans.

Transmission of henipaviruses

  • The Pteropid bats species are the natural carriers of both Hendra and Nipah virus. The study states that the virus can be transmitted from these bats to amplifying hosts, typically horses and pigs.
  • From these amplifying hosts, the virus can then be transmitted to humans. Alternatively, the virus can also be transmitted directly from the Pteropid bats to humans.
  • It is highlighted that all transmissions necessitate close contact among hosts, showing the importance of distance as a factor in controlling the spread.

Significance of understanding transmission routes

  • Understanding the transmission routes of the henipaviruses is essential for developing strategies to control and prevent zoonotic transmission.
  • This knowledge is vital in devising policies and safeguards to prevent the spread of these viruses from animals to humans, ultimately curbing potential outbreaks and preserving public health.

Cite This Article

APA
Weatherman S, Feldmann H, de Wit E. (2017). Transmission of henipaviruses. Curr Opin Virol, 28, 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2017.09.004

Publication

Current opinion in virology
ISSN: 1879-6265
NlmUniqueID: 101560941
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 28
Pages: 7-11
PII: S1879-6257(17)30110-4

Researcher Affiliations

Weatherman, Sarah
  • Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States.
Feldmann, Heinz
  • Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States.
de Wit, Emmie
  • Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States. Electronic address: emmie.dewit@nih.gov.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Chiroptera / virology
  • Disease Reservoirs / virology
  • Hendra Virus / pathogenicity
  • Henipavirus Infections / transmission
  • Henipavirus Infections / urine
  • Horses / virology
  • Host Specificity
  • Humans
  • Nipah Virus / pathogenicity
  • Swine / virology
  • Virus Shedding
  • Zoonoses / prevention & control
  • Zoonoses / transmission

Grant Funding

  • Z99 AI999999 / Intramural NIH HHS

Conflict of Interest Statement

. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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