Validity and repeatability of goniometry in normal horses.
Abstract: To assess validity and inter- and intra-tester reliability of equine goniometry and to establish values for carpal, metacarpophalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal flexion and extension in horses. Methods: Seventeen healthy equine subjects of varied breeds were used. Methods: Three investigators blindly and independently measured in triplicate the extension and flexion of carpal, metacarpophalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints of 17 horses after sedation. Radiographs of these joints in flexion and extension were acquired while under sedation. Goniometric and radiographic measurements were compared statistically and were correlated. A Bland-Altman plot was constructed. Inter- and intra-tester repeatability of goniometry were evaluated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Mean flexion and extension of carpal, metacarpophalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints were calculated. Results: Goniometric and radiographic measurements did not differ statistically and were significantly correlated (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.59 - 0.89). The mean difference between goniometric and radiographic measurements was 0.4°. Triplicate measurements collected by the three raters did not differ significantly within raters (ICC ranging from 0.950 - 0.995) and between raters (ICC ranging from 0.942 - 0.989). Conclusions: Goniometry is a valid and repeatable tool for evaluation of the range of motion of carpal, metacarpophalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints in standing, sedated healthy horses.
Publication Date: 2016-04-28 PubMed ID: 27124214DOI: 10.3415/VCOT-15-11-0182Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Validation Study
Summary
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The research investigates the effectiveness and consistency of goniometry in assessing joint flexibility in horses, indicating strong correlation and repeatability in angle measurement with radiographic analysis.
Objective of the Research
- The main goal of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of using goniometry among horses.
- The researchers aimed to establish degree values for the carpal, metacarpophalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints’ extent of flexion and extension, providing an important reference for equine health studies.
Methodology
- Seventeen healthy horses of varied breeds were observed in this research.
- Three different investigators, blind to each other’s findings, measured in triplicate the extension and flexion angles of the mentioned joints.
- These measurements were taken after sedating the horses for producing reliable results.
- Radiographs were also obtained for these joints in their flexion and extension states for contrast and correlation against goniometric measurements.
Results Analysis
- The measurements from goniometry did not significantly differ from those obtained through radiographs.
- The mean difference was found to be 0.4°, which is relatively minuscule, indicating a high level of complementarity between these two methods.
- The correlation coefficients between goniometric and radiographic measurements ranged from 0.59 to 0.89, demonstrating a high level of correlation.
- The researchers also calculated the repeatability of goniometry measurements within and between examiners, using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).
- The measurements did not significantly differ within each examiner (ICC of between 0.950 – 0.995) or between examiners (ICC of around 0.942 – 0.989).
Conclusions
- The findings of the study showed that goniometry is a practical, efficient, and highly repeatable tool for assessing the range of motion in the carpal, metacarpophalangeal, tarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints of standing, sedated, healthy horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Adair HS, Marcellin-Little DJ, Levine D.
(2016).
Validity and repeatability of goniometry in normal horses.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 29(4), 314-319.
https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-15-11-0182 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Denis J. Marcellin-Little, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, 1052 William Moore Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States, E-mail: denis_marcellin@ncsu.edu.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arthrometry, Articular / veterinary
- Horses / anatomy & histology
- Reference Values
- Reproducibility of Results
Citations
This article has been cited 5 times.- Pinna S, Lanzi F, Tassani C. The Effect of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture on Range of Motion in Dogs.. Vet Sci 2021 Jun 24;8(7).
- Bergh A, Lauridsen NG, Hesbach AL. Concurrent Validity of Equine Joint Range of Motion Measurement: A Novel Digital Goniometer versus Universal Goniometer.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Dec 19;10(12).
- Shakeshaft A, Tabor G. The Effect of a Physiotherapy Intervention on Thoracolumbar Posture in Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Oct 28;10(11).
- Tabor G, Nankervis K, Fernandes J, Williams J. Generation of Domains for the Equine Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Outcome Score: Development by Expert Consensus.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jan 25;10(2).
- Muñoz A, Saitua A, Becero M, Riber C, Satué K, de Medina AS, Argüelles D, Castejón-Riber C. The Use of the Water Treadmill for the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in the Sport Horse.. J Vet Res 2019 Sep;63(3):439-445.
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