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Home / Equine Research Bank / Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl / Wild horse populations in south-east Australia have a high p...
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife2019; 8; 156-163; doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.01.008

Wild horse populations in south-east Australia have a high prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris and may act as a reservoir of infection for domestic horses.

Abstract: Australia has over 400,000 wild horses, the largest wild equid population in the world, scattered across a range of different habitats. We hypothesised that wild horse populations unexposed to anthelmintics would have a high prevalence of infections. Verminous endarteritis and colic due to migrating larvae is now absent or unreported in domestic horses in Australia, yet wild horses may pose a risk for its re-emergence. A total of 289 faecal egg counts (FECs) were performed across six remote wild horse populations in south-east Australia, of varying densities, herd sizes and habitats. Total strongyle egg counts ranged from 50 to 3740 eggs per gram (EPG, mean 1443) and 89% (257/289) of faecal samples had > 500 EPG, classifying them as 'high level shedders'. There were significant differences in mean total strongyle FECs between different locations, habitats and population densities. Occurrence of was not predictable based on FECs of total strongyle eggs or small (<90 μm) strongyle eggs. A high prevalence of DNA in faecal samples was demonstrated across all six populations, with an overall predicted prevalence of 96.7%. This finding is important, because of the ample opportunity for transmission to domestic horses. The high prevalence of suggests vigilance is required when adopting wild horses, or when domestic horses graze in environments inhabited by wild horses. Appropriate veterinary advise is required to minimize disease risk due to . Monitoring horses for using larval culture or qPCR remains prudent. Gastrointestinal parasites in wild horse populations may also serve as parasite thus contributing to integrated parasite management when facing emerging anthelmintic resistance.
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Publication Date: 2019-02-08 PubMed ID: 30815358PubMed Central: PMC6378629DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.01.008Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article studies the prevalence of a certain type of parasite, Strongylus vulgaris, in wild horses in South-East Australia. The research suggests that these wild equine populations, due to their exposure to this parasite and absence of treatment, might be posing a threat to domestic horses.

Background of the Study

  • The research is based in Australia, which is home to the highest population of wild horses in the world, numbering over 400,000 across different habitats.
  • The researchers put forth a hypothesis that the wild horses, due to their non-exposure to drugs called anthelmintics that expel parasitic worms, would show a high incidence of Strongylus vulgaris infections.
  • Diseases associated with the migrating larvae of this parasitic worm, such as verminous endarteritis and colic, have been largely eradicated or remain unreported within domestic horse populations. However, there’s a potential risk for their re-emergence due to infections in wild horses, which constitutes the basis of this study.

Methodology of the Study

  • The researchers performed 289 faecal egg counts across six wild horse populations situated in remote parts of South-East Australia. These populations varied in terms of herd size, density, and habitat type.
  • The resulting egg counts ranged from 50 to 3740 eggs per gram with an average count of 1443.
  • Around 89% of the analyzed faecal samples contained more than 500 eggs per gram, categorizing them as ‘high-level shedders’.

Findings of the Study

  • A significant variation was found in the faecal egg counts across different locations, habitat types, and density of the horse populations.
  • The occurrence of Strongylus vulgaris could not be predicted based on the total number of strongyle eggs or the number of small-sized strongyle eggs (<90 μm).
  • A high prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris DNA was found in faecal samples across all the six horse populations studied, with an overall predicted prevalence of about 97%.
  • This finding points to the probability of transmission to domestic horses due to abundant exposure opportunities.

Implications of the Study

  • The high prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris points to a need for cautiousness when adopting wild horses or allowing domestic horses to graze in areas inhabited by wild horses.
  • Horse owners and carers should seek appropriate veterinary advice to mitigate the risk of disease due to Strongylus vulgaris.
  • The timely monitoring of horses for Strongylus vulgaris, preferably using larval culture method or qPCR, is recommended.
  • Finally, the parasites present in wild horse populations may serve as a biological control against antihelmintic resistance, thus contributing towards integrated parasite management.

Cite This Article

APA
Harvey AM, Meggiolaro MN, Hall E, Watts ET, Ramp D, Šlapeta J. (2019). Wild horse populations in south-east Australia have a high prevalence of Strongylus vulgaris and may act as a reservoir of infection for domestic horses. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl, 8, 156-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.01.008

Publication

International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife
ISSN: 2213-2244
NlmUniqueID: 101599824
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 156-163

Researcher Affiliations

Harvey, Andrea M
  • Centre for Compassionate Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Meggiolaro, Maira N
  • Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Hall, Evelyn
  • Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Watts, Ellyssia T
  • School of Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
Ramp, Daniel
  • Centre for Compassionate Conservation, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Šlapeta, Jan
  • Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

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