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Equine veterinary journal.
Publisher:
Equine Veterinary Journal, Ltd. Hobokken, NJ : Wiley (2009)
Frequency: 8 issues per year, 2009-
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
British Equine Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1968 -
ISSN:
0425-1644 (Print)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 173320 |
| (DNLM): | E11740000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01568146 |
| Coden: | EQVJAI |
| LCCN: | sn 83005310 |
| Classification: | W1 EQ967 |
Effect of dietary biotin supplement on equine hoof horn growth rate and hardness. Over a 10-month period, 24 randomly selected riding horses were fed various amounts of biotin. Statistically significant improvements in growth rates and hardness of hooves were produced by biotin supplementation. Greater growth rates and hardness were achieved at a daily dose of 15 mg than at 7.5 mg. Increased hoof hardness was greatest in the hoof quarters and toe. No ring formation occurred in hooves of horses fed biotin intermittently.
A retrospective study of 192 horses affected with septic arthritis/tenosynovitis. The medical records of 192 horses with septic arthritis/tenosynovitis 1979-1989 were reviewed. Forty-three horses developed infection after an intra-articular injection, 46 following a penetrating wound, 25 following surgery, 66 were foals less than 6 months old, and 12 were adult horses without a known aetiology. Haematogenous infection of a joint occurs in adult horses and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with an acute onset of severe lameness. The aetiology of the infection had a significant effect on the type of bacteria identified by culture. Staphylococcus was c...
Evaluation of progesterone treatment to create a model for equine endometritis. To investigate a model for equine endometritis, 12 mares with normal reproductive tracts were divided into 2 groups. All mares received progesterone in oil, 250 mg im, daily. At 5 days after initiation of progesterone administration, the uteri were inoculated with 10(6) colony forming units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The day of inoculation was designated Day 0. On Day 6, endometrial swab samples yielded P. aeruginosa in 5 mares; samples from the other 7 mares yielded heavy growth of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter diversus, S...
Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates from 233 horses with musculoskeletal infection during 1979-1989. Bacterial culture and susceptibility results were analysed from 233 horses with septic arthritis/tenosynovitis or osteomyelitis that developed after fracture repair. Antibiotics were deemed highly effective, effective or ineffective if > or = 85%, 70-84.9% or < 70% of the isolates were susceptible respectively. In total, 424 bacterial types were isolated; 386 were aerobic or facultative and 38 were anaerobic. Enterobacteriaceae (28.8%) were the most common bacterial group isolated, followed by non-beta-haemolytic streptococci (13.0%), coagulase-positive staphylococci (11.8%), beta-haemol...
Arthroscopic surgery for osteochondritis dissecans of the femoropatellar joint of the horse. Arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans was undertaken on 252 femoropatellar joints in 161 horses (82 Thoroughbreds, 39 Quarter Horses, 16 Arabians, 9 Warmbloods and 15 others of various breeds). There were 53 females and 108 males. Twenty-two horses were 1 year of age at the time of surgery, 68 were yearlings, 36 were 2-year-olds, 21 were 3-year-olds, and 14 were > or = 4 years old. Ninety-one had bilateral involvement and 70 had unilateral disease. Follow-up information was obtained on 134 horses, including 79 racehorses and 55 non-racehorses: 86 (64%) of these...
Effects of high-intensity exercise on plasma catecholamines in the thoroughbred horse. In Study 1, a single speed test of 6 to 12 m/sec was performed for 2 mins at an incline of 5 degrees on a high-speed treadmill (single-step test). Only one speed was performed per session and blood samples were taken before and after the test. In Study 2 horses cantered for 1 min at increasing speeds of 6 to 13 m/sec on an incline of 3 degrees (multiple-step test). Blood samples were taken before exercise, throughout the test and during recovery. In the single-step test plasma concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline both increased at speeds of 9 m/sec, as did blood lactate. Mean concent...
Effects of hypoxia and azotaemia on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin in neonatal foals. The effects of hypoxia and azotaemia on the pharmacokinetics of amikacin were evaluated in 20 full-term neonatal critically ill foals which required 24-h supportive care, antibiotics and dextrose-supplemented polyionic fluids given intravenously, nasal insufflation with oxygen and nutritional supplementation. There was no association between sepsis score or survival and pharmacokinetic parameters. Concurrent hypoxia and azotaemia were associated with significantly decreased clearance and increased peak and trough serum concentrations of amikacin; however, peaks or troughs did not exceed toxic ...
Open drainage, intra-articular and systemic antibiotics in the treatment of septic arthritis/tenosynovitis in horses. Open drainage was used to treat 26 horses with persistent or severe septic arthritis/tenosynovitis. Infected synovial structures were drained through a small (3 cm) arthrotomy incision that was left open and protected by a sterile bandage. Joint lavage was performed in all 26 horses. In addition to systemic antibiotics, 23 of these horses were also treated with intra-articular antibiotics; amikacin (17 horses), gentamycin (2 horses), cefazolin (2 horses), and 2 horses were injected at different times with gentamycin and amikacin. The infection was eliminated from the involved synovial structur...
Outcome of treatment in 23 horses with progressive ethmoidal haematoma. This paper describes the outcome of treatment in 23 horses with an ethmoidal haematoma. In 22 cases a diagnosis could be made by endoscopic means alone but in 1 horse the lesion was confined to the maxillary sinus and a diagnosis was made only at surgery. One horse was destroyed at the owner's request but the other 22 underwent radical excision of the lesion via a facial flap approach under general anaesthesia. Post-operative haemorrhage was controlled by nasal packing with a gauze bandage and this was removed between the 2nd and 4th post-operative day. One horse died from encephalitis the day...
Fractures of the lateral malleolus of the tibia in 16 horses. Clinical and radiological features of 16 horses with fractures of the lateral malleolus of the tibia are reported. The paper describes surgical techniques used, results obtained and discusses justification for removal. Fourteen fractures were unilateral and two bilateral. There was no left:right disparity. The history included a known traumatic incident in 14 cases. All animals had a tarsocrural joint effusion and 10 had palpable thickening of the lateral collateral ligaments. Crepitus was also palpable in 10 horses. The fracture was identified in all dorsoplantar and 14 of 18 dorsomedial-plan...
Arachidonate metabolites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from horses with and without COPD. Arachidonate metabolites were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from horses with (N = 4) and without (N = 7) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prostaglandin (PG) D2, leukotriene (LT) B4 and LTC4 were present in highest concentrations in BALF from clinically normal horses. Concentrations of PGE2 and PGF were significantly higher in BALF from horses with COPD than in BALF from normal horses, but no differences were detected in thromboxane B2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGD2, LTB4 or LTC4.
Substance P in the synovial membrane and fluid of the equine middle carpal joint. This preliminary study was designed to determine whether the neurotransmitter substance P was present in the middle carpal synovial membrane of the normal horse and whether the neuropeptide could be identified in the synovial fluid of normal horses and those with joint diseases. Immunocytochemistry on middle carpal synovial membrane biopsies from fresh cadavers was used to demonstrate substance P-containing neural elements. Substance P was most abundant in the subintimal portion of the membrane, with occasional filaments coursing via synovial fronds to the intimal portion. Radioimmunoassay tec...
Tearing of the medial palmar intercarpal ligament in the equine midcarpal joint. Tearing of the medial palmar intercarpal ligament is described in 45 intercarpal (midcarpal) joints in 42 horses (37 racehorses, 5 non-racehorses). Of the 37 racehorses, there were 20 Quarter Horses, 14 Thoroughbreds and 3 Standardbreds. The patients had been referred for arthroscopic surgery for removal of osteochondral chip fragments that had been diagnosed radiographically or diagnostic arthroscopy of a persistent carpal problem. The problem was unilateral in 39 horses and bilateral in 3. The presenting clinical signs were lameness and/or persistent synovial effusion. In one instance, the p...
Increase in plasma progestagen concentrations in the mare after foetal injection with CRH, ACTH or betamethasone in late gestation. Maternal plasma progestagen concentrations increase about 20 days before parturition. The major contributors to the increase are reduced metabolites (ie 5 alpha-pregnanes). Precocious increases (ie less than 310 days of gestation) in these metabolites may occur in abnormal pregnancies. The effects of CRH, ACTH or betamethasone administered to the foetus at gestational ages ranging from about 250 to 320 days were examined. Sixteen healthy pony mares were used for foetal injection employing aseptic techniques. Water or normal saline were used as controls. Maternal plasma progestagen concentratio...
Five cases of gastrocnemius tendinitis in the horse. The normal gastrocnemius tendon may contain some muscular tissue proximally. This results in a patchy echogenicity ultrasonographically where it lies caudal or lateral to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). When it has assumed a position dorsal (cranial) to the SDFT the gastrocnemius tendon has a more uniform echogenicity and its margins are well defined. Five horses had lameness associated with lesions identified ultrasonographically in the gastrocnemius tendon in the latter region. Lameness ranged from mild to severe and was characterised by reduced hock flexion, lowered arc of foo...
Idiopathic muscular hypertrophy of the equine small intestine: 11 cases (1980-1991). The medical records of 11 horses with idiopathic muscular hypertrophy (MH) of the small intestine were reviewed to determine the clinical and pathological features of the disease. The median age of affected horses was 10.0 years (range 5-18 years). No breed or sex predisposition was apparent. Ten horses (91%) had chronic (23 days to 2.4 years) signs of mild, intermittent colic, and 1 horse had signs of severe colic of only 3 days' duration. Partial anorexia and chronic weight loss of variable duration (1-6 months) were prominent historical findings in 5 (45%) horses. Diagnostic tests, with the...
Comparison of two grafting methods in 4.0-mm drill defects in the third metacarpal bone of horses. In 6 horses, bilateral metacarpal vertical series of three 4.0-mm unicortical drill holes were made. At random, one of each series of 3 holes was filled using a sternal 4.0-mm cancellous bone cylinder or a slurry of cancellous bone injected into the hole or left as an empty control. All horses had lateral metacarpal xeroradiographs at monthly intervals. Three horses (6 metacarpi) were examined post mortem after 4 months and 3 others after 6 months. Immediate through 4-month post-operative xeroradiographs demonstrated increased density in the holes with cancellous cylinders and no difference co...
