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Equine veterinary journal.
Publisher:
Equine Veterinary Journal, Ltd. Hobokken, NJ : Wiley (2009)
Frequency: 8 issues per year, 2009-
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
British Equine Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1968 -
ISSN:
0425-1644 (Print)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 173320 |
| (DNLM): | E11740000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01568146 |
| Coden: | EQVJAI |
| LCCN: | sn 83005310 |
| Classification: | W1 EQ967 |
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes of peritoneal fluid. Cells in the peritoneal fluid from 179 horses were examined in Giemsa stained preparations using light microscopy. Neutrophils were found in all samples whether transudative or exudative although their proportions varied enormously. They were well preserved in "normal" or sterile effusions and hardly differed morphologically from those seen on a peripheral blood film although hypersegmentation was commonly observed. In purulent effusions a reliable correlation was found between degenerative changes in neutrophils such as karyolysis and karyorrhexsis and the presence of toxin-producing microorg...
Pre-race testing and its role in equine medication control. In general, blood is the only material on which a practical pre-race testing scheme can be based. Blood testing is not as sensitive as urine testing and detects only about 66 per cent of the drugs detectable in urine. Therefore, pre-race blood testing is always performed in conjunction with post race urine testing. Because blood is easily and rapidly drawn, the use of blood samples in all post race testing schemes is recommended. Pre-race testing is also a relatively expensive proposition, but it is the only method which actually prevents the running of an illegally medicated horse.
Relapsing idiopathic thrombocytopenia in a horse. TEIROMBOCYTOPENIA can be caused by failure of production or increased destruction of platelets, resulting in a bleeding diathesis, characterised by mucosal petechiac and haemorrhage into various organs. In humans, some drugs (cg, phenylbutazone and chloramphenicol) cause idiosyncratic marrow suppression and subsequent thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow suppression is also well documented in humans and small animals receiving cytotoxic drugs (Calabresi 1979; MacEwen 1980). Decreased megakaryocytic proliferation is rarely recognised in large animals. The most prevalent causes of thrombocytopenia are ...
Review of 30 cases of peritonitis in the horse. Thirty cases of peritonitis, in which the diagnosis was based on a peritoneal fluid white blood cell count in excess of 10 x 10(9)/litre, are described. Colic, ileus, pyrexia, weight loss and diarrhoea were common presenting signs. Treatments included intravenous fluids, anti-inflammatory analgesics, broad spectrum antibiotics and anthelmintics. Duration of treatment was determined by the clinical condition of the horse and sequential analyses of the peritoneal fluid and the haemogram. In the majority of cases the primary cause of peritonitis was not accurately determined, but 21 horses (70 pe...
Electron microscopic study of the veins of the dermal lamellae of the equine hoof wall. The venous organisation of the dermal lamellae of the equine hoof wall of 18 pairs of forelimb hooves from clinically healthy horses was studied using plastic vascular corrosion casts, and scanning electron microscopic and histological techniques. A consistent pattern of venous organisation was observed in the dermal lamella of the toe, quarter and heel regions. The lamellar corium had an extensive interconnecting capillary network which drained into axially located veins of the primary dermal lamella. Many of the capillaries had a proximodistal orientation and most of those located at the int...
Serum concentrations of penicillin in the horse after administration of a variety of penicillin preparations. Twelve geldings were used to evaluate serum levels of penicillin following the intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) injection of benzylpenicillin, im procaine penicillin and im fortified benzathine penicillin, at a variety of dose rates. Blood samples were collected up to 7 h after iv and im benzylpenicillin, up to benzathine penicillin. Results were analysed using an analysis of variance and regression analyses were used to calculate the time taken for the serum penicillin concentration to decline to 0.5 micrograms/ml. As a result of the experiments the following dosage regimes could be re...
Clinical aspects of lymphosarcoma in the horse: a clinical report of 16 cases. This paper describes the clinical and laboratory findings in 16 horses suffering from lymphosarcoma and the autopsy results in 13 of these cases which were examined at the Large Animal Medicine Clinic, State University of Utrecht, from 1969 to 1981. The cases were classified into four groups, designated multicentric, alimentary, thymic and cutaneous forms, according to the situation of the tumours.
Methods for the treatment of twin pregnancy in the mare. Within a group of 130 mares which, in the event, carried twin pregnancies, 29 (22.3 per cent) produced their twins following diagnosis of a single palpable follicle at service and a single pregnancy 42 days later. The whole group of 130 twin-pregnant mares gave birth to only 17 live foals (13 per cent). Breeding results for the following season were available for 102 of these mares, when 38 (37 per cent) produced live foals. Thus over the two seasons an average 23 per cent of this group produced live foals. In a second group, comprising 70 mares, twin pregnancy had been diagnosed in all of the...
Use of a demand valve for postoperative administration of oxygen to horses. The study examines the efficiency of a demand valve in administering oxygen to horses post-anesthesia. It finds that the use of the demand valve corrects potentially dangerous levels of low [...]
Foetal monstrosity in a thoroughbred mare resembling schistosomus reflexus. This study discusses a case of foetal abnormality resembling schistosomus reflexus in a thoroughbred mare, noting its similarity to documented instances in bovines and pointing towards the need for more [...]
Serum protein electrophoresis in horses and ponies. A method of electrophoresis of horse serum on agarose gels (pH 8.6) is described, together with a system for interpreting changes in the electrophoretic zones based upon the relative distribution of the major serum proteins. Differences in the protein composition of the individual electrophoretic zones of horses and ponies were recorded, although this variation probably reflects differences in management and the presence of subclinical disease.
Connective tissue composition of the equine sarcoid. The connective tissue composition and organisation of the "equine sarcoid" was compared with that of normal adult equine skin to determine whether the cells which produce their respective connective tissue matrices show similar biosynthetic characteristics. No major qualitative difference could be found between the collagen compositions of skin and sarcoid material, although the organisation into fibres of Type III collagen in the sarcoid was markedly greater than that of skin.
Study of agglutinins to Brucella abortus, B canis and Actinobacillus equuli in horses. Horses at a veterinary teaching hospital and a slaughterhouse were surveyed for antibodies to Brucella abortus, B canis and Actinobacillus equuli. Four of the 141 hospitalised horses and none of the 73 slaughtered horses had titres of 1:100 or greater to B abortus. Six horses of both populations reacted to the card test. One was culture positive. A card test using B canis antigen was positive in 38 per cent of the sera from hospitalised horses and all of the slaughtered horses. Twenty (27.4 per cent) of the latter group had high tires in a tube agglutination test. High titres could not be redu...
Effect of experimental uterine tube occlusion on plasma penicillin concentrations following intrauterine instillation in pony mares. PREVIOUS studies have shown that instillation of sodium benzylpenicillin into the uterine lumen of ponies in small volumes is followed by peak plasma concentrations of the antibiotic in 10to 15 mins (Allen 1978; Allen and Clarke 1978). However, the assumption that the circulating penicillin is absorbed only through the endometrium is questionable because Allen, Kessy and Noakes (1979) concluded that the intrauterine instillation of phenolsulphonphthalein was followed by absorption of the dye from the peritoneal cavity, after passage along the uterine tubes.
The present investigation was carri...
Changes in blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio related to adrenocortical function in the horse. Blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and plasma cortisol levels were measured before and after (1) the injection of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH1-24) in 8 Thoroughbreds and (2) exercise in 5 Thoroughbreds in training. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly (P less than 0.01) increased within 60 mins of injection of ACTH1-24 and immediately after exercise. The mean neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio altered significantly (P less than 0.01) at 240 mins after ACTH1-24 administration and at 180 mins after a training gallop. A transient lymphocytosis occurred following exercise.
Clinical bronchography in the horse: development of a method using barium sulphate powder. A method for performing bronchography in standing nonanaesthetized horses was developed. Bronchography was performed by insufflating the previously intubated trachea with a mixture of 120 to 200 g of finely powdered barium sulphate mixed with 3 to 7 g of powdered methyl cellulose. The mixture was delivered from an ether vaporiser into which compressed air was blown. Premedication with atropine sulphate immediately before insufflation minimised bronchoconstriction. Satisfactory bronchograms with contrast visible down to the seventh and eighth bronchial divisions were obtained in 80 per cent of ...
Equine immunology 3: immunopharmacology–anti-inflammatory and antihypersensitivity drugs. This article reviews anti-inflammatory and antihypersensitivity drugs under these 4 headings: Functional or physiological antagonists; Selective pharmacological inhibitors; Broad spectrum anti-inflammatory drugs; Miscellaneous inhibitors. The compounds considered include sympathomimetic amines, anticholinergic drugs, antihistamine drugs, tryptamine antagonists and dopamine antagonists, glucocorticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disodium cromoglycate and diethylcarbamazine citrate. The relationship of the pharmacological actions of these compounds is considered in the conte...
Observations on the isoenzymes of creatine kinase in equine serum and tissues. The isoenzymes of creatine kinase have been measured in serum and selected tissues from horses. The distribution followed that reported in other species in that the MM dimer of the isoenzyme was present in voluntary and non-voluntary muscle, thyroid, liver, spleen, lung and intestine. The BB dimer of the isoenzyme was predominant in brain, pancreas, kidney, intestine, lung, spleen, liver and thyroid. In contrast, in 4 hearts examined less than 1.5 per cent of the total creatine kinase activity was attributable to the MB form of the isoenzyme. The MB isoenzyme was, however, present in intestine...
Types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from horses. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from equine clinical material were categorised according to their serotype and phage type. Epidemiological evidence showed that serotypes 02a, 03, 04, 06, 09 and 010 were the cause of genital and non-genital infections; somatic type 03 accounted for 50 per cent of isolates. The laboratory tests used were of no value in predicting whether or not a particular isolate was likely to be a venereal pathogen, but all the serotypes encountered had the potential to be pathogenic, given a favourable environment in which to multiply.
Sir Frederick Smith Memorial Lecture. A superb transport system–the circulation. This paper discusses certain aspects of circulatory physiology, including foetal circulation and the role of the thorax, and gives parameters for total blood volume, cardiac output, stroke volume and the distribution of blood between the pulmonary and peripheral circulation within the horse. The reader is taken on a journey around the circulatory system, beginning in the left atrium, into which richly oxygenated blood runs from the pulmonary veins. From here the blood is squeezed via the mitral valve into the left ventricular pump, where it is forced under high pressure through the peripheral ...
