Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Equine veterinary journal.
Publisher:
Equine Veterinary Journal, Ltd. Hobokken, NJ : Wiley (2009)
Frequency: 8 issues per year, 2009-
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
British Equine Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1968 -
ISSN:
0425-1644 (Print)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 173320 |
| (DNLM): | E11740000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01568146 |
| Coden: | EQVJAI |
| LCCN: | sn 83005310 |
| Classification: | W1 EQ967 |
Pathological observations on an outbreak of paralysis in broodmares. A description is given of the pathological changes present in 8 mares which died or were euthanased in the course of an outbreak of paralysis on a Thoroughbred studfarm. In all cases the principal changes were in the central nervous system (CNS) and consisted of a severe and widespread vaculitis in the brain, cord, sheaths of nerves, capsules of ganglia and occasionally elsewhere in the body. Associated with the damage to vessel walls there was haemorrhage and exudation of plasma into the perivascular tissues. Involvement of neurones was minimal and no neuronophagia was present. Six cases had ...
Plasma biochemistry in the horse during 3-day event competition. Blood samples were collected from 16 Thoroughbred horses before, during and after the second day of a 3-day event. Plasma osmolality, concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, creatinine, glucose, bilirubin, iron, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, calcium, inorganic phosphate, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids were measured. Significant differences from pre-event values were found in all parameters with the greatest changes being found after the cross-country phase. ...
Preliminary studies on the use of an oral progestogen to induce oestrus and ovulation in seasonally anoestrous Thoroughbred mares. Daily oral administration of 30 mg allyl trenbolone (Regumate) for 10 to 15 days to 61 barren, maiden and lactating Thoroughbred mares which were exhibiting either deep anoestrus, shallow anoestrus, prolonged spring oestrus or lactation anoestrus, resulted in 54 mares (88 per cent) showing oestrous behaviour within 8 days, and 51 mares (84 per cent) ovulating within 18 days, after the last dose of compound. Response rate was lowest in mares in deep anoestrus. Of the 38 Regumate-treated mares which were covered during the induced oestrus, 21 (55 per cent) conceived. The practical value of this ...
Studies on the efficacy of fenbendazole used in a divided dosage regime against strongyle infections in ponies. The efficacy of a fenbendazole divided dose regime against immature stages of Trichonema spp, Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus was evaluated. A group of 8 naturally infected 30 to 36-month-old ponies was divided into 2 equal groups on the basis of previous treatment and faecal egg counts, one group being treated with 7.5 mg/kg bwt of fenbendazole daily for 5 days. This treatment regime removed 80 per cent of migrating S vulgaris larvae, 100 per cent of migrating S edentatus larvae and 95 per cent of the mucosal stages of Trichonema spp. In addition, a virtual 100 per cent eliminati...
Low doses of oxytocin can induce foaling at term. Levels of the major circulating metabolite of prostaglandin F-2 alpha, 13, 14 dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGFM) were measured during the induction of foaling using small (2.5-10 iu) intravenous doses of oxytocin. PGFM levels rose rapidly in all animals within 15 min of injection and were associated with typical signs of second stage labour. Because these small doses of oxytocin are effective in successfully triggering parturition it is suggested that higher doses (40-120 iu) used to induce birth in other studies are unnecessary and could be potentially dangerous to the foetal foal....
Equine locomotion: 2. The analysis of coordination between limbs of trotting standardbreds. A high-speed cinematographic analysis of interlimb time and linear gait characteristics was carried out at racing speed (12.0 m/sec; 1:23.6 min/km) in 30 clinically sound Standard-bred trotters. In respect of the whole group of horses the racing trot was found to be a very regular and symmetric gait. The variation coefficient between different horses ranged from 8 to 21 per cent depending on the particular characteristic being investigated. The variations recorded in individual animals were about 60 per cent less than those found for the whole group. The most stable characteristics were the du...
The application of high-speed cinematography for the quantitative analysis of equine locomotion. Locomotive disorders constitute a serious problem in horse racing which will only be rectified by a better understanding of the causative factors associated with disturbances of gait. This study describes a system for the quantitative analysis of the locomotion of horses at speed. The method is based on high-speed cinematography with a semi-automatic system of analysis of the films. The recordings are made with a 16 mm high-speed camera run at 500 frames per second (fps) and the films are analysed by special film-reading equipment and a mini-computer. The time and linear gait variables are pre...
The priority for equine research. An attempt is made to review the validity of the claim that more equine research is required with the conclusion that the problems in the equine field that would respond to research must be listed and each assigned a degree of priority according to suggested criteria. Future action will then depend upon identifying or stimulating scientific initiative and seeking the required financial support noting that self help from the equine industry has not been adequately utilised.
Relationship between QRS-duration (heart score) and racing performance in trotters. Heart scores increased with age and training. Yearlings had average heart scores of approximately 90 milliseconds (msecs). This increased to approximately 110 msecs in 5-year-old horses, after which there was only slight further increase. In horses 4 years or older, regression analysis revealed a highly significant correlation between heart score and kilometre time. In younger horses the level of significance was less. There was a positive correlation between heart scores and earnings in races. Thus, horses with heart scores above 115 msecs had won considerably more than horses with lower hear...
Equine locomotion; 1. The analysis of linear and temporal stride characteristics of trotting standardbreds. The movements of the individual limbs of 30 clinically sound Standardbred trotters were studied using high-speed cinematography. At a speed of 12 metres per second (m/sec; 1:23.6 min/km) the mean stride length was 545 cm and the mean duration of the stride was 455 milliseconds (msecs). The stance phase in the forelimbs was 100 msecs and 177 msecs in the hindlimbs. This difference was due to a longer restraint period in the hindlimbs and resulted in slightly shorter swing phases for the hindlimbs. The variations in any particular horse for stride length and for the duration of stride, stance, s...
Studies on fenbendazole for treating lung and intestinal parasites in horses and donkeys. The efficacy of orally administered fenbendazole on lung and intestinal parasitism in equids was investigated in a mixed herd of pony mares, jenny donkeys and foals. A single dose of 7.5 mg fenbendazole/kg body weight effectively removed intestinal parasites from the ponies, donkeys and foals, but higher doses and repeated treatments failed to eliminate lungworm infections in donkeys. The finding of eosinophilia proved useful in detecting lungworm infections in donkeys.
Equine locomotion: 3. The reproducibility of gait in standardbred trotters. The reproducibility of certain gait characteristics was investigated in Standardbred trotters at a speed of 12.0 m/sec. Twenty-two horses were recorded twice on the same day and 4 of them on a third occasion 3 years later. The short-term reproducibility was shown to be very good. In the long-term study it was found that the stride length and duration of swing and stride had increased. This was interpreted as an effect of training.
Obstetrician’s view of the physiology of equine parturition and dystocia. The author reviews 40 years of clinical experience including more than 1000 cases of dystocia in mares of different breeds. The high incidence of stillbirth and perinatal mortality of the foal, severe lesions of the genital tract developing during foaling and in the early post partum period are discussed and suggestions made for their prevention and treatment. The advantages of partial embryotomy to avoid unnecessary caesarean sections are emphasised. Special attention is given to the causes of and approach to cases of prolonged gestation; to dystocia caused by retroversion of preparturient to...
Haematology as an aid to prognosis of chronic laminitis. A COMMON progression of chronic laminitis is ischaemic
necrosis with secondary infection a frequent complication.
For 6 years we have performed a complete blood count
(CBC) on all hospitalised horses (at the University of Missouri
Veterinary Hospital) every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
Preliminary scrutiny of the results indicated that persistent
elevation of the total white blood cell count (WBC) and
neutrophilia was consistent with poor prognosis in horses
affected with laminitis. Because of these considerations we
decided to perform a retrospective examination of the blood
cell d...
Plasma and sweat electrolyte concentrations in the horse during long distance exercise. Blood samples were taken from 20 horses competing in a 100 km endurance ride and plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and protein measured. Measurements were performed on samples taken before the ride (pre-ride), at the mid point and end of the ride and after a 30 min recovery period (post-ride). Sweat samples were collected from 6 horses competing in the endurance ride and 14 horses competing in a 3-day event competition and sweat concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride measured. There were substantial decreases in plasma electrolyte concentrations, which...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): effects of bronchodilator drugs on normal and affected horses. The effects of the bronchodilator drugs, atropine, isoprenaline and terbutaline, on normal horses and on horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), were assessed by pulmonary function tests and clinical examination. Normal horses were not affected but COPD horses responded by a marked decrease in intrathoracic pressure, a decrease in respiratory rate, an initial decrease followed by an increase in arterial oxygen partial pressure and clinical improvement after treatment with all 3 drugs. These changes were temporary.
Stability of equine hierarchies and the prevention of dominance related aggression. The dominance hierarchy of a herd of 10 Thoroughbred mares was determined twice, at an interval of 18 months, using paired feeding tests. Each mare's rank was correlated significantly between the 2 tests. This indicated that the hierarchy within the herd was stable. The offspring of dominant and subordinate mares were also tested for dominance in their own age groups. The offspring of dominant mares tended to be near the top of the hierarchy while those of middle and low ranking mares were not consistently found in the middle or bottom of their own hierarchies. Paired feeding tests were carrie...
Pathophysiological changes associated with Parascaris equorum infection in the foal. The mechanisms involved in the pathophysiological disturbances associated with the presence of mature Parascaris equorum in the small intestine were investigated with radioisotopic techniques. The results suggested that, compared with worm-free controls, infected foals had a reduction in gut motility, an increase in the body solids ratio, a lowering of the body pool of albumin and a decreased ability to incorporate dietary methionine into plasma protein.
Virus and its relationship to the “poor performance” syndrome. Racehorses perform badly for many different reasons. Trainers often expect clinicians to determine the cause in individual cases and, more especially, where most of the immates of the stable are apparently affected by loss of form. Clinical examinations may reveal signs including fever, serous nasal discharge and the occasional cough. Haematology and blood biochemistry are commonly used aids to diagnosis in the field and may be helpful, but there is a need for facilities for virological investigations to be made readily available for use by clinicans as an adjunct to more commonplace laborator...
Tissue and plasma activity of lactic dehydrogenase and creatine kinase in the horse. Lactic dehydrogenase, although widely distributed in most tissues, was more highly concentrated in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, kidney and liver. Isoenzyme patterns showed a selective concentration of LDH5 in skeletal muscle while in the heart LDH 1 and 2 were predominant. In contrast, creatine kinase was only present in substantial concentration in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The serum concentrationof both enzymes showed a wide range of activity.
Assessment of myocardial function in the horse. 2. Experimental findings in resting horses. The paper describes observations on 8 horses at rest using catheter-mounted microtransducers to record intracavity pressures. In 5 of them records were obtained from both left and right sides and in 3 horses from the right heart only. Twelve indices were measured. Variations in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure seemed to influence the results on many of the parameters. It is suggested that left ventricular end-diastolic pressure itself may be a useful guide to left ventricular functional efficiency but more work is necessary to further evaluate these indices as possible measures of myoca...
An outbreak of foal perinatal mortality due to equid herpesvirus type 1: pathological observations. Twenty-nine cases of EHV1 infection occurred on a property, mainly in full term foals. Some foals were stillborn, some were born alive but weak and soon died and others were healthy at birth, became ill and died within 3 days of birth. Apart from voluminous, oedematous and atelectic lungs there were no gross lesions. Microscopically the lungs showed oedema, pneumonitis and bronchiolitis with intranuclear inclusions and, in many of the foals that survived over 6 hours, there was also hyaline membrane formation. Microscopic lesions were also seen in the liver, adrenal, thymus and spleen of some ...
A re-evaluation of the D (+) xylose absorption test in the horse. The absorption of d-xylose forms the basis of a useful screening test in the investigation of small intestinal disorders in the horse. A comparison has been made of different assay methods and there was no significant difference between the results obtained with the parabromoaniline (PBA) method or the ferric chloride-orcinol (FCO) method. The orthotoluidine method was unsatisfactory. The anticoagulant agent did not affect the test. A dose of 0.5 g commercial grade xylose/kg body weight as a 10 per cent solution given by stomach tube, produced a peak plasma xylose level after 90 min and should...
