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Equine veterinary journal.
Publisher:
Equine Veterinary Journal, Ltd. Hobokken, NJ : Wiley (2009)
Frequency: 8 issues per year, 2009-
Country: United States
Language: English
Author(s):
British Equine Veterinary Association.
Start Year:1968 -
ISSN:
0425-1644 (Print)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
2042-3306 (Electronic)
0425-1644 (Linking)
Impact Factor
2.2
2022
| NLM ID: | 173320 |
| (DNLM): | E11740000(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 01568146 |
| Coden: | EQVJAI |
| LCCN: | sn 83005310 |
| Classification: | W1 EQ967 |
An analysis of 500 cases of equine cryptorchidism. The authors analyse data collected over 23 years from 500 cryptorchid horses. They show that left- and right-sided abdominal cases occur with approximately equal frequency in ponies. Approximately half the right-sided unilateral abdominal cases have the epididymal tail descended while only 20 per cent of the left-sided cases do. These findings are briefly discussed. From their analysis of inguinal cryptorchidism the authors conclude that it is a relatively more complex phenomenon with incidence changing with age as well as breed. Right-sided retention predominates in young ponies, probably bei...
Fixation of skin grafts in the horse using stainless steel staples. Three horses with a chronic wound on the distal part of a leg were treated successfully by grafting. Small split skin grafts were fixed onto pieces of adhesive tape. The tape pieces were spread over and fixed to the granulation surface with stainless steel staples. A tight pressure bandage including strongly compressed cellular rubber was then applied over the wound. The combination of staple fixation and strong pressure proved effective in immobilising the skin graft. It was stressed that a firm covering of granulation tissue was a prerequisite for success and therefore the technique should n...
Possible modification of scar tissue by biochemical methods. This paper reviews some of the biochemical modifications involved in fibrous tissue formation and discusses possible ways of controlling fibrosis in clinical conditions. The lathyritic agents, beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN) and penicillamine, appear in certain situations to be able to control fibrosis by blocking the biosynthesis of collagen. There are no compounds that are yet known which are capable of reversing pre-existing fibrosis and future research may perhaps be more profitably directed towards the stimulation of collagen catabolism rather than the inhibition of its synthesis.
The mechanics of wound healing. This paper discusses the factors which affect the healing of wounds at the tissue and organ levels. It covers some of the problems which complicate the sequence of healing and considers the mechanisms involved in regeneration and repair of tissues. The factors associated with the stimulus and sequence of healing and their interactions are also reviewed.
A case of carpal intersynovial fistula in a horse. A tentative diagnosis of a fistula between the tendon sheaths of the right extensor carpi radialis and the intercarpal joint was confirmed by positive contrast radiography following injection of sodium diatrizoate into the joint. Surgical removal of a tag of synovial membrane and repair of the fistula was carried out. Post surgical treatment included mild exercise to prevent adhesions within the sheath. A month following discharge, contrast radiography revealed no communication between joint and tendon sheath. At this time mild distension of the sheath was relieved by aspiration and it did not...
Enteroliths in horses–a retrospective study of 30 cases. In a retrospective study of selected cases, abdominal colic in 30 horses was attributed to enterolith obstructions of the large intestine. Obstructions caused by "true" enteroliths were confined to horses more than four years old. Prominent clinical features were recurrent mild abdominal pain, inappetance, gaseous distension and minimal intestinal motility. The various aspects of the clinical syndrome, including diagnostic problems and clinical management, are discussed. Most obstructing enteroliths were found near the beginning of the small colon and most horses contained only a single major ...
The use of ionising radiation for the treatment of injuries to flexor tendons and supporting ligaments in horses. A technique was developed using radioactive isotopes as a source of radiation for the treatment of injuries to the superficial and deep flexor tendons and the associated ligaments in the horse. The treatment area was sub-divided so that different dosages could be applied over the limb as necessary. A plaster of Paris impression was taken of the whole area to be treated. In the isotope laboratory a plaster negative was made and loaded with the dose of radioactive isotope. The loaded cast was then strapped to the horse's limb for the calculated time, usually about three days. A total of 42 horse...
Oxygenation of pulmonary vein blood in conscious and anaesthetised ponies. Catheters were implanted through the left atrium into large veins drawing blood from regions of the diaphragmatic lobes in five ponies. Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in blood samples drawn through these catheters showed that in laterally recumbent conscious and anaesthetised animals the function of the lowermost lung is progressively impaired while in the supine position the function of both lungs is adversely affected.
An outbreak of eosinophilic bronchitis in horses possibly associated with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infection. Eight mature horses which had been affected with a moist cough for six weeks were found to have large numbers of eosinophils in tracheal mucus samples taken by transtracheal washing. These horses were kept on irrigated pasture and fed a hay-free diet. A companion yearling donkey was found to be passing Dictyocaulus arnfieldi larvae in its faeces. Two oral treatments with a dose of thiabendazole (440 mg/kg) resulted in the resolution of the clinical signs and the disappearance of eosinophils from transtracheal washings. The eosinophilic bronchitis seen in these horses was presumed to be a manif...
Collagen in normal and abnormal tissues. Despite being a very widespread protein, collagen is an unusual molecule possessing a great tensile strength conferred by a rope-like structure and intermolecular crosslinks. Our current knowledge of the biosynthesis of collagen is providing some insights into certain diseases of connective tissue and is also helping us to understand the healing processes of wounds and diseased tissues.
Testicular teratoma in an equine cryptorchid. An abnormal cryptorchid testicle removed from the abdominal cavity of a 4 year old Thoroughbred stallion is described. The abnormal organ conforms to the requirements of Willis (1960) for a teratoma. The difference between these tumours in man and horses is discussed.
Phonocardiography in the horse: 1. The intracardiac phonocardiogram. Using microtransducers, the intracardiac phonocardiogram was recorded in 8 horses from the right heart and in 6 of them also on the left side. All 4 heart sounds were recorded but not in all sites. Their timing was related to pressure events. Systolic ejection murmurs were recorded in both the pulmonary artery and the aorta. Diastolic murmurs were recorded in 2 horses with aortic regurgitation, with maximum amplitude in the left ventricle. The findings were similar to those reported in man and agree with some of the recent concepts on heart sound production.
Blood-gas, acid-base and haematological values in horses during an endurance ride. The effects of prolonged strenuous exercise on arterial and venous oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, pH, bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, base excess, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total plasma protein were studied in 36 horses during a 100 km endurance ride. There were significant changes in many parameters when pre-ride values were compared with both mid-ride and end of ride values. The prominent changes were the development of dehydration and a metabolic alkalosis. At the mid-ride sampling time those horses with higher heart rates had a greater degree of metabolic alkalosis th...
Atresia of the nasolacrimal orifice in two thoroughbreds. Two cases of bilateral atresia of the nasolacrimal orifice are described. The presenting sign was a persistent ocular discharge, clear in the one case and purulent in the other. Treatment by the creation of a fistula between the distal extremity of the blind ending duct and the nasal cavity was successful in both cases.
Radiographic evidence of impaired pulmonary function in laterally recumbent anaesthetised horses. Studies in conscious and anaesthetised ponies demonstrated that starvation, anaesthesia and changes in body position influence the radiographic appearance of the lungs in the lateral and dorsoventral views. Radiographic appearances could not be closely correlated with blood gas values, but they suggested that the volume of the lowermost lung of the laterally recumbent animal is greatly reduced.
Foreign body obstruction of the small colon in six horses. Six horses, which had a foreign body obstruction of the small colon showed abdominal pain of progressing severity and intestinal tympany. On rectal examination the caecum and large colon were distended with ingesta and gas but the obstructing mass could be palpated in only 3 cases. All horses had elevated indirect blood pressure and in 3 there was also fluid distension of the stomach. Only one horse had known access to foreign material in the diet, but a further 3 were related to an exceptionally dry climate period. Five of the 6 horses recovered following surgery.
Body composition of the horse. Seventeen horses were dissected and their organs and tissues weighed. The results of these dissections are presented together with comparisons of the data with that already available in the literature. Predictive equations for organs and tissue weights are also given which were derived by comparison of linear and allometric regression models using 4 different body weight indices.
Treatment of periocular tumours of horses using radioactive gold198 grains. The literature is briefly reviewed concerning the clinical features of equine cutaneous tumours. The data from 19 horses with periocular skin tumours are reported together with the results of their treatment by implantation with radioactive gold198. The principles governing the implantation of radioactive sources are explained and a method for computing the initial activity of the sources is outlined. Five histologically different tumour types were treated in this series of 19 horses, 2 horses were bilaterally affected. The techniques of implantation using a simple needle/stillette combination...
Pre-renal azotaemia in a pony with an oesophageal obstruction. A case of pre-renal azotaemia is described in a 12 year old pony resulting from oesophageal obstruction of 8 days duration. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, inorganic phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations were monitored throughout the recovery period. After relief of the obstruction normal blood concentrations were quickly restored.
Paradoxical excitement following the intravenous administration of azaperone in the horse. The rapid intravenous administration of the butyrophenone tranquilliser, azaperone, at a dose rate of 0.29-0.57 mg/kg body weight resulted in the immediate onset of excitement and ataxia of varying degree in over half the animals. The severity of the reaction appeared to be related to the size of the animal. Other side effects such as salivation, sweating, muscle tremor and vocalisation were also observed. The possible causes of this paradoxical reaction to the tranquilliser are discussed.
Treatment of ringworm in horses with natamycin. A suspension based on the antibiotic, natamycin, was applied by sponging to 83 horses of various breeds and ages with signs of clinical ringworm. A number of different causative agents were involved of which Trichophyton equinum was the most common. Treatment successfully eliminated the disease within 4 weeks. After treatment the recovered animals did not show any evidence of re-infection for up to 6 months. The mycological clearance rate was 97 per cent and apart from the efficacy against ringworm, the preparation had the advantage of being non-irritant and odourless. It was also useful for t...
Fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones in thoroughbred foals. Eighteen cases of fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones in Thoroughbred foals are described. Most of the fractures were in foals under 2 months old and all but one occurred in the forelegs. The bones commonly fractured when the foal galloped to exhaustion trying to keep up with its dam in the paddock. The types of fracture varied but a simple fracture of the medial sesamoid was most frequent and the majority were towards the base of the bone. Six foals sustained a fracture of more than one sesamoid bone and one foal fractured all 4 proximal sesamoid bones in its front legs. Treatment includ...
An investigation of the action and haemolytic effect of glyceryl guaiacolate in the horse. Glyceryl guaiacolate (GGE) was found to be a useful and safe casting agent when given by rapid intravenous infusion. It was administered to premedicated horses under controlled conditions at various concentrations from 10 to 20 per cent GGE solution. The onset and degree of relaxation was dependent only on the speed of infusion. For casting adult horses 350 to 450 ml of 15 per cent solution must be given within 30 to 60 seconds. A slight transient hypoxaemia occurred which seemed to be related to the animal being in lateral recumbency rather than the depressive action of GGE on respiratory fun...
The effect of some anti-diarrhoeal drugs on intestinal transit and faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in the horse. The effect of morphine, Tinct. opii, loperamide, pethidine and atropine on intestinal transit and the faecal and urinary excretion of water and electrolytes was studied in ponies. The rate of passage of a particulate marker was slowed by morphine, hastened then slowed by loperamide and Tinct. opii, and hastened by atropine. The liquid marker was slowed by Tinct. opii and hastened then slowed by the other drugs. Only loperamide decreased the faecal sodium excretion. This drug also decreased faecal water and weight; it appeared worthy of clinical trial in diarrhoea. Tinct. opii decreased by morp...
Haemodynamics in the horse: 2. Intracardiac, pulmonary arterial and aortic pressures. The paper reports the changing pressure values during the cardiac cycle recorded from various chambers of the heart and great vessels using 2 catheter-mounted transducers, 9 cm apart. Pulse pressures are calculated. Transvalval pressure differences are determined taking account of the effect of hydrostatic pressure between the 2 sensors. The effects of some valvular lesions and arrhythmias and of changes in intrathoracic pressure are also described.
