The Journal of veterinary medical science
Publisher:
Japanese Society Of Veterinary Science
Frequency: Monthly
Country: Japan
Language: English
Author(s):
Nihon Jūi Gakkai.
Start Year:1991 -
ISSN:
0916-7250 (Print)
1347-7439 (Electronic)
0916-7250 (Linking)
1347-7439 (Electronic)
0916-7250 (Linking)
Impact Factor
1.105
2022
| NLM ID: | 9105360 |
| (DNLM): | SR0070799(s) |
| (OCoLC): | 23597950 |
| Coden: | JVMSEQ |
| LCCN: | sn 91033179 |
| Classification: | W1 JO97PB |
Pathomorphological findings in a case of onychomycosis of a racehorse. The hooves of a racehorse which were affected with white line disease and hoof wall disorders on both forelimbs were histopathologically investigated using thin ground section and standard paraffin section techniques. On both hooves, large quantities of fungus were found to have invaded the white line tissues, especially in the terminal horn which were markedly damaged. The fungus was also present among the cellular debris in the fissures of horny tissues. The morphological characteristics of the fungus were brown (its natural color), PAS-positive, mold-like shape with septa inside the tissues...
Antagonistic effects of atipamezole on medetomidine-induced sedation in horses. The antagonistic effects of atipamezole (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 micrograms/kg i.v.) on medetomidine (10 micrograms/kg i.v.)-induced sedation were evaluated in horses. Although 20 and 40 micrograms/kg of atipamezole were not sufficient to reverse the sedation, 60 micrograms/kg did effectively reverse the sedation. Atipamezole at 80 micrograms/kg was more potent, and significantly shortened the duration of sedation without any apparent side effects, but a higher dose of 100 micrograms/kg was not more effective than 80 micrograms/kg. The possible use of atipamezole as a reversal agent may enhanc...
Comparative morphology of the pectinate ligaments of domestic mammals, as observed under the dissecting microscope and the scanning electron microscope. The pectinate ligaments of ten horses, two donkeys, five oxen, five sheep, ten goats, five dogs, five cats, thirty pigs and two rabbits were studied under the stereomicroscope and the scanning electron microscope. In the horse and the donkey, the pectinate ligament was very prominent and was characterized by sturdy interconnected strands and relatively small intertrabecular spaces. The pectinate ligaments of ruminants were composed of shorter strands, separated by relatively larger spaces. Fusion between adjacent strands, resulting in the formation of fenestrated sheets, was regularly observed...
Elevation of serum G-CSF level in horses with transportation-induced fever. Levels of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the blood of horses were measured before and after a long-distance transportation to clarify the pathogenesis of transportation-induced fever. The serum G-CSF level was measured by its ability to stimulate growth in a mouse myeloblastic cell line, NFS-60. Of 26 horses transported for a long distance, 9 had fever more than 39.0 degrees C during or after transportation. After transportation, the serum G-CSF level significantly increased in horses with transportation-induced fever but not in those without fever, and the serum G-CSF level ...
Rapid analysis of four bilirubins in domestic animal sera using high-performance liquid chromatography. A rapid method was developed to analyze delta-bilirubin (B delta), diconjugated bilirubin (DCB), monoconjugated bilirubin (MCB), and unconjugated bilirubin (Bu) by direct injection of sera using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an internal-surface reversed-phase silica support (ISRP) column. Sharp bilirubin peaks were obtained using a simple mobile phase of acetonitrile: 0.5 M Tris-HCl buffer (20:80, v/v, pH 7.2). A variable-wavelength detector set at 450 nm, 0.01 absorbance unit full scale (AUFS), and a recorder set at 4 mm/min were used for detection. Peaks for B delta, DCB...
Intestinal ciliates found in the feces of Japanese native Tokara pony, with the description of a new genus and a new species. The composition of intestinal ciliates excreted in the feces of 20 Tokara native ponies kept in Iriki farm of Kagoshima University was surveyed. Eleven genera consisting of 18 species were identified based on the description of Strelkow. One new genus including a new species, Wolskana tokarensis n. gen., n. sp., of the family Buetschliidae was recognized and described. The average ciliate density of all horses was 13.8 x 10(3)/ml. Those of stallions (n = 5), mares (n = 11) and foals (n = 4) were 3.9, 16.1 and 43.3 x 10(3)/ml respectively. The value of stallions was significantly lower and that...
Lipid peroxide levels and superoxide-scavenging abilities of Sera obtained from hotbred (Thoroughbred) horses. Hotbred (Thoroughbred) horses were grouped into three classes according to the levels of constant physical exercise (foals, 6 months old; racing horses, 5 years old; horses for breeding, 6-10 years old), and lipid peroxide levels in their sera were measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. No significant differences were observed among them. The superoxide-scavenging abilities of sera were measured next; to examine the antioxidative properties of hotbreds, and were found to be highest in the racing horses. The higher scavenging ability of the racing horses might contribute to keep t...
Spontaneous vascular mineralization in the brain of horses. Cerebral vascular mineralization was found in 12 (60%) of 20 3- to 10-year-old healthy horses collected at an abattoir. It was variable in degree and occurred mostly in the pallidal arteries showing two types of lesions; small globoid bodies along capillaries, and amorphous deposits in the wall of arterioles, small- or medium-sized arteries and veins. Both types were strongly positive for periodic acid-Schiff reaction, and weakly positive for von Kossa's and Berlin blue stains. Elemental analysis of the deposit revealed the presence of large amounts of aluminum, moderate amounts of phosphorus,...
The relationship between plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) level and body weight in the horse. The relationship between plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) level and body weight was studied in six breeds of horse. The correlation coefficients between plasma IGF-I and body weight in males and females of 1 year old heavy horses (Percheron and Breton breeds) were 0.62 and 0.12 respectively. The mean plasma IGF-I of males was higher than that of females (p < 0.01). However, the plasma IGF-I levels of heavy horses did not exceed those of light horses (Thoroughbred) or ponies (Shetland and Falabella). These data suggest that IGF-I is at least related to the difference of body weights ...
Changes in skeletal muscle composition in response to swimming training for young horses. To investigate muscular adaptation to swimming training in young horses, 18 two-year-old Thoroughbred horses were trained in a program which included both running and swimming, and the changes in skeletal muscle composition during the training period were evaluated histochemically. The horses were divided into the following three groups; Group A, trained by running only: Group B, trained by running plus a gradual increase in swimming; Group C, trained by running plus constant swimming. In Groups B and C, fast twitch-low oxidative (FT) fibers tended to decrease, while fast twitch-high oxidative...
Molecular cloning of DNA for inhibin alpha-subunit from equine ovary. cDNA encoding equine inhibin alpha-subunit precursor protein was isolated from an equine ovarian cDNA library. For screening, the DNA probe was amplified by the RT-PCR using primers designed based on the rat inhibin alpha-subunit cDNA sequence. Out of 1.2 x 10(5) plaques screened, 19 positive clones were isolated, and one of these clones (Eq-alpha-11) contained a complete open reading frame encoding 367 amino acids. The similarity of the deduced amino acid sequences of both equine inhibin alpha-subunit precursor protein and the mature protein were greater than 80% to those of other six mammali...
Hematological changes observed in Andalusian horses with laminitis. Clinical blood chemistry was studied on 13 Andalusian horses with laminitis. Ten healthy horses were used as controls. Blood samples were taken within the first 24 hr after the onset of the disease in Obel grade 3 before any type of treatment was given. No significant differences were observed in the number of red blood cells and white blood cells between Andalusian horses affected by laminitis and healthy animals. Significant decrease in the number of neutrophils and increased number of lymphocytes were noted. A significant increase in the enzymatic activity of CPK, LDH and AST in these anima...
An investigation of gram-negative tannin-protein complex degrading bacteria in fecal flora of various mammals. Gram-negative tannin-protein complex degrading bacteria (T-PCDB) were first isolated from animals except for the koala. The occurrence of T-PCDB in feces of 15 species of mammals with different feeding habits was investigated. T-PCDB occurred in 7 of 54 horses but they could not be isolated from other mammals tested. These T-PCDB comprised less than 0.1% of the facultative anaerobic microflora in horse feces and it was much less than that previously reported in koala feces ( > 60%). A total of 7 T-PCDB fecal isolates showed a range of phenotypic diversities. They were all Gram-negative rods...
Assessment of the sedative effect of medetomidine and determination of its optimal dose in thoroughbred horses. The present study was carried out to assessing the sedative effect of medetomidine and determining its optimal dose in thoroughbred horses. Excessive ataxia after sedative treatment is dangerous for horses. Therefore three doses which may cause sufficient sedation with only mild ataxia were examined. Response to stimulation and the severity of ataxia suggested that 7.5 micrograms/kg BW, i.v., is optimal.
Effect of enzymes on the growth of human and animal rotaviruses. The growth of group A human, bovine, equine and porcine rotaviruses were enhanced by pretreatment of virus with pancreatin, trypsin, protease, alkaline phosphatase or pepsin and incorporation of these enzymes in maintenance medium. In contrast, alpha-amylase or lipase inhibited the growth of equine and porcine rotaviruses. The other enzymes, adenosine deaminase, lactase, lysozyme, ribonuclease or triose-phosphate isomerase gave little or no change in the growth of all four rotaviruses.
Prevalence of upper respiratory tract disorders detected with a flexible videoendoscope in thoroughbred racehorses. A total of 350 thoroughbred racehorses found clinically as having coughs or abnormal breath sounds underwent endoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract at rest. As a result, abnormal endoscopic findings were obtained in all horses, demonstrating that thoroughbred racehorses with a clinical abnormality in the respiratory system necessarily had disorders in the upper respiratory tract. Whereas 11 types of disorder were observed, a combination of three different types of disorder were found in the highest frequencies in 3-, 4- and 5-year-old horses (27.8%, 29.2% and 29.7%, respectively...
Molecular cloning of cDNA for equine ovarian inhibin/activin beta A subunit. cDNAs encoding equine inhibin/activin beta A subunit were isolated from an equine follicle cDNA library and characterized. Using primers based on the rat inhibin/activin beta A subunit cDNA sequence, a RT-PCR was performed to generate the probe for screening. Four positive clones were isolated. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of these clones revealed that two pairs of identical clones were present, Eq-beta A-1 (0.9 kb) and Eq-beta A-2 (1.5 kb). Eq-beta A-2 clone contained a complete open reading frame encoding 426 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of equine inhibin/activin beta ...
Responsiveness of equine basilar artery to transmural nerve stimulation differs from that of porcine and bovine basilar arteries in vitro. Transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) induced relaxations in porcine and bovine basilar arteries which were abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX) and by L-nitro-arginine (LNAG). However, TNS induced contractions in equine basilar artery which were abolished by TTX and by guanethidine, but not by LNAG. These results suggest that the TNS-induced contractions of equine basilar arteries may be mediated by norepinephrine release.
Relationship among seminal characteristics, fertility and suitability for semen preservation in draft stallions. Seminal characteristics, fertility and the response to semen preservation (liquid storage and cryopreservation) were evaluated in 4 Draft stallions (Percheron 2, Breton 2). Seminal characteristics (gel-free volume, sperm concentration, sperm morphology, percentage of motile spermatozoa) were assessed in 5 ejaculates from each of the 4 stallions. The fertility of the stallions was calculated retrospectively as the accumulated pregnancy rate over 3 breeding seasons. Five ejaculates from each of the stallions were subjected to liquid storage at 5 degrees C. The percentage of motile spermatozoa (P...
Comparative hematological study of two breeds of foals (Andalusian and Arab) subjected to exercise of progressive intensity. Exercise-induced hematological alterations were studied in 20 four-year old foals, 11 Andalusian and 9 Arabian. They were subjected to a test exercise program consisting of 4 levels of gradually increasing intensity (15, 20, 25 and 30 km/hr) with a duration of 5 min each. Blood samples were taken during resting, after each exercise level and at 10 and 30 min of recovery from exercise. The following hematic parameters were analyzed: red blood count, hematocrit value, hemoglobin, volumetric indexes (MCV, MCH and MHCH) and total plasma proteins. The alterations as a result of the physical effort ...
Plasmid profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from horses. Plasmid profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from horses were examined. Thirty-nine strains of K. pneumoniae capsular type 1 (K1) isolated from cervical swabs of mares suffering from metritis, and from semen of stallions showed similar plasmid profile patterns, and all strains possessed a 125 megadaltons (Md) plasmid. There was no difference in plasmid profiles between the heavily-encapsulated and the less heavily-encapsulated strains of K. pneumoniae K1. Non-capsulated variants derived from the strains of K1 showed the same plasmid profile pattern as the parent strains. Plasmid profiles...
Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and physical response to sevoflurane inhalation in horses. The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane required to prevent gross purposeful movement in response to electrical stimulation of the oral mucous membranes was determined in horses, and their physical responses to inhalation of this anesthetic were observed. The MAC was 2.31 +/- 0.11%. The horses showed good ventilation, without any signs of airway irritation such as coughing. The horses became slightly excited before they laid down. The end tidal sevoflurane concentration (ESC) required to produce recumbency was 2.54 +/- 0.11%. These results suggest that sevoflurane is a clinical...
Principal component analysis, using the measurements during running and swimming test, in thoroughbred horses. To investigate whether the running exercise fitness of individual horses could be assessed by a standardized swimming exercise test, the results of multivariate analysis of the exercise parameters measured during incremental running and swimming tests were compared. Ten thoroughbred horses were subjected to different types of exercise tests on a track or in a pool, and the maximum heart rate during and the blood lactate concentration immediately after the exercise were examined. Serial exercise parameters (VLA2, VLA4, LA0, V150, V200, HRS, HRLA2, HRLA4) referred to as the indices related to th...
Morphological analysis of cervical vertebrae in ataxic foals. Morphological differences between cervical vertebrae were statistically analyzed in ataxic foals to clarify abnormal structural factors in the pathogenesis of this problem. At first, multiple regression analysis and cluster analysis were performed with 28 variables in C3-C7 of 39 control foals without lameness. As a result, there were no sex differences in the growth of all cervical vertebral sites, and the most suitable categorization of the age of the foals was 3 clusters of 8 months old or younger, 9-12 months old and 13 months old or older in any sites in the cervical vertebrae. Twenty-eig...
Efficacy of the new radiographic measurement method for cervical vertebral instability in wobbling foals. Cervical myelography and survey radiography was performed on 12 light breed wobbling foals and a new radiographic measurement method was applied for more accurate diagnosis of cervical vertebral instability. Ratios of stenosis of the spinal canal on survey radiography and myelography using relative values in an individual foal were defined on radiograms of lateral flexed position of mid-cervical region, and coincidence between the ratios and histopathological lesions in the cervical spinal cord was investigated. Five of 6 foals had ratios of stenosis on myelography more than 40% at the interve...
Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based colony blot test for rapid identification of virulent Rhodococcus equi. We recently generated a monoclonal antibody immunoglobulin G1 (MAb 10G5), which can recognize 15- to 17-kDa antigens, virulence-associated antigens of Rhodococcus equi, and developed a colony blot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with MAb 10G5 for the rapid identification of virulent R. equi. In this epidemiologic study, we evaluated the results of the colony blot test in the identification of virulent isolates of R. equi from feces of horses and soil and compared them with those from a conventional procedure (plasmid profiles of isolates by agarose gel electrophoresis). Environmental isolate...
Primary splenic lymphoma in a horse. A well-demarcated solitary splenic mass (20 x 20 x 15 cm in size) containing hemorrhagic and necrotic foci was observed in a 4-year-old Thoroughbred stallion. Histologically, the mass consisted of lymphoma cells of the diffuse large non-cleaved type, with a high mitotic index and scattered macrophages that formed a starry sky pattern. The lymphoma cells revealed diffuse positivity for acid phosphatase and alpha naphthyl butyrate esterase, and were also positive for intracytoplasmic IgM on occasion, and mostly for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Ultrastructural examination revealed moderate...
Clinicopathological observations on thoroughbred foals with enlarged thyroid gland. Seven cases of thoroughbred foals kept on a farm in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido showed bilateral thyroid enlargement from 3 or 4 months after birth. Their serum T4 levels were remarkably low, whereas T3 levels were in the normal range. Serum T4 levels were also low in the other clinically normal foals and their dams kept together. Since the iodine content in pasture soil and grass was very low, iodine deficiency was supposed to be the cause of the disease.
Detection of African horsesickness virus by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers for segment 5 (NS1 gene). The reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was applied to the detection of African horsesickness virus (AHSV) using primers specific for attenuated AHSV serotype 4 segment 5 (NS1 gene). Total RNA which contains both messenger RNA and genomic dsRNA was extracted by the acid guanidinium-phenol-chloroform method from the AHSV infected Vero cells and was used as templates to optimize the RT-PCR. A pair of primer (NP2-NP32) amplified the product of the expected size from all serotypes of attenuated AHSV when four pairs of primers were tested. Using this p...
The validity of swimming training for two-year-old thoroughbreds. To investigate the validity of swimming training, the following matters were considered: 1) changes in the performance capacity, 2) changes in the constitution and 3) frequency of locomotor diseases. These were evaluated during a training program including both conventional exercise on a track and swimming. In this study, 24 two-year-old thoroughbred horses were studied, and divided into the following three groups: Group A, trained by only running; Group B, trained by running plus a gradual increase in swimming; Group C, trained by running plus constant swimming. As a result of standardized ex...