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Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
Proliferative enteropathy in a foal caused by Lawsonia intracellularis-like bacterium. No abstract available
Intracellular calcium concentration in equine spermatozoa attached to oviductal epithelial cells in vitro. Interaction of spermatozoa with oviductal epithelial cells (OEC) in the oviductal isthmus prolongs the life span of spermatozoa. The hypothesis that the interaction of equine spermatozoa with OEC affects their intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was tested in a sperm-OEC coculture model. Changes in [Ca2+]i in spermatozoa loaded with the fluorescent calcium indicator indo-1 acetoxymethylester (AM) were determined for spermatozoa attached to OEC or to Matrigel, as well as for free-swimming spermatozoa incubated without oviductal epithelium. [Ca2+]i was determined before incubation and ...
Methods for induction of capacitation and the acrosome reaction of stallion spermatozoa. Methodologies to capacitate bovine spermatozoa, induce the acrosome reaction, and fertilize bovine oocytes in vitro have been established. The capability to do the same with stallion spermatozoa, however, is not available. Several different methods have been used to capacitate stallion spermatozoa with variable results. More basic research needs to be done to establish in vitro conditions necessary to capacitate and induce an acrosome reaction in stallion spermatozoa. Although much progress can be expected in this area, it is unlikely that the general practitioner will use these technologies i...
Ctenocephalides felis flea infestation in horses. The horses were in two stables: in the first stable they were kept together with sheep and in the second stable they were kept together with goats. All horses in both stables were diagnosed as being infested with the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. Foals were severely infested, whereas adult horses were only moderately infested.
Superovulation. Development of a superovulation technique that is successful, safe, and commercially available would revolutionize the equine breeding industry. However, the reality is that ovulation rates for mares following existing superovulatory treatment are much lower than for cattle. This dichotomy has been attributed to the relatively limited area available in the ovulation fossa for ovulation to occur, combined with the large size of the equine preovulatory follicle. In addition, the number of ovulations in the mare may be limited physiologically by the size of the follicular cohort that may be rescu...
[Acute pain in the horse and one possibility for its objective evaluation]. To judge acute processes of pain objectively the results are told of a determination of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the plasma of 30 horses suffering from pain. Besides a scheme basing on an awarding of points is developed to ascertain changes of physiological and ethological parameters caused by pain. These results in changes of behaviour are compared to results determined by laboratory experiments. Concerning pain of medium and high level a relation to the concentration of catecholamines is noticed. Therefore the total of certain clinical observations is suitable for graduating acute pai...
Disposition and excretion of 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, the active metabolite of nabumetone in horses. To examine, in horses, the disposition and excretion of the active metabolite 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid (6MNA) of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory prodrug nabumetone. Methods: Pharmacokinetic analysis of 6MNA after oral administration of nabumetone and IV administration of 6MNA. Methods: Using a crossover design, 5 horses were orally administered 3.7 mg of nabumetone/kg of body weight. After a 3-week washout period, 4 horses were administered 2.5 mg of 6MNA/kg, IV. Results: Absorption of nabumetone from the gastrointestinal tract and its metabolism to 6MNA had a median appearance half-...
Methods for the Detection of Trichinellosis in Horses. Twelve horses were infected with various doses of Trichinella spiralis and then tested for infection using direct (artificial digestion) and indirect (enzyme immunoassay) methods. Horses became infected in a dose-dependent manner. Larvae accumulated preferentially in the tongue, followed by the masseter, neck, supraspinatus, trapezius, and diaphragm. At lower infection levels, the tongue harbored several times more parasites than were found in other tissues. The sensitivity of artificial digestion methods for detecting infections was directly related to sample size. One-gram samples were not r...
Analysis of stallion semen and its relation to fertility. This article describes some of the basic methodology for conducting stallion semen evaluations. Not all of these assays will likely be conducted on every semen sample collected. Routine evaluations should include determination of semen volume, sperm concentration, and an estimation of the percentage of progressively motile sperm, at a minimum. Other assays can be used if a seminal problem is discerned at the beginning of the breeding season or after a stallion has recovered from an illness or injury. Additionally, laboratory assays are particularly important to conduct on cryopreserved spermat...
[Expert opinions about a case of injury which by a failure of a restraining device caused a life-threatening injury to a breeding stallion]. A stallion got fatal injuries by kicks of a maiden mare because a so called "panic hook" untied spontaneously. The use of such hooks to secure mares during mating should therefore not be recommended.
Immunohistochemical diagnosis of eastern equine encephalomyelitis. An immunohistochemical (IHC) assay was developed for the detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. All cases of EEE diagnosed at the Michigan State University Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory from 1991 through 1994 were evaluated. The diagnosis was based on histopathologic examination of the brain and confirmatory virus, isolation. Sections of cerebrum from 26 equids and 5 birds were assessed by IHC. Histologically normal brain tissues from 2 horses and 1 pheasant and brain tissues from 2 cases of equine neurologic diseas...
Antigenic and genetic evolution of equine H3N8 influenza A viruses. Evolution of equine influenza a H3N8 viruses was examined by antigenic and genetic analysis of a collection isolates from around the world. It was noted that antigenic and genetic variants of equine H3N8 viruses cocirculate, and in particular that variants currently circulating in Europe and the USA are distinguishable from one another both in terms of antigenic reactivity and genetic structure of the HA1 portion of the haemagglutinin (HA) molecule. Whilst the divergent evolution of American and European isolates may be due to geographical isolation of the two gene pools, some mixing is believ...
Estimation of the liveweight and body condition of working donkeys in Morocco. The age, sex, liveweight and body measurements (heart girth, umbilical girth, height, length from elbow to tuber ischii and circumference of the foreleg cannon bone) of 516 donkeys used to transport goods in Morocco were recorded. There were few donkeys over 12 years of age. For adult donkeys weighing from 74 to 252 kg, the best equation with only one variable for predicting liveweight was: liveweight (kg) = heart girth (cm)2.65/2188. The inclusion of two variables improved the prediction marginally, but the addition of further variables gave little further improvement. The best prediction equ...
Anomalous inheritance of a paternally derived trophoblast antigen. Recurrent spontaneous abortion occurs in 1 in 500 random matings and usually results in abortion of all pregnancies. If absence of antibody to a paternally derived antigen caused abortion, the woman would be expected to make antibody to the other paternal antigen and abort only half her pregnancies. Methods: Microvesicles were prepared from equine placentae. Acid-eluted IgG antibody was eluted from the polymorphic R80K antigen and used to type the residual R80K antigen on vesicles or on peripheral blood leucocytes. Results: In several equine sibships all the half-sibs had the same paternal R80...
The integrative control of adrenocorticotrophin secretion: a critical role for corticotrophin-releasing hormone. Perifused equine anterior pituitary cells were used to investigate the relationships between the secretion of ACTH and substances known to either stimulate (corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), and arginine vasopressin (AVP)) or inhibit (cortisol) ACTH secretion. The experiments were designed to mimic the hormone milieu present in vivo in the horse, with cortisol (0 or 100 nmol/l) and CRH (0 or 0.02 nmol/l) perifused continuously, and pulses of AVP (10 nmol/l) applied for 5 min at 30-min intervals. In columns perifused with 0.02 nmol CRH/l there was no significant overall effect of 100 nmol...
Quantitative determination of H2-utilizing acetogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea from digestive tract of different mammals. Total number of bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria, and H2-utilizing microbial populations (methanogenic archaea, acetogenic and sulfate-reducing bacteria) were enumerated in fresh rumen samples from sheep, cattle, buffaloes, deer, llamas, and caecal samples from horses. Methanogens and sulfate reducers were found in all samples, whereas acetogenes were not detected in some samples of each animal. Archaea methanogens were the largest H2-utilizing populations in all animals, and a correlation was observed between the numbers of methanogens and those of cellulolytic microorganisms. Higher counts of...
Prevalence of sarcocysts in livestock of northwest Ethiopia. A survey of Sarcocystis was conducted in cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys and chickens. A total of 671 haematoxylin-eosin (H-E) stained muscle tissue samples, including diaphragm, masseter, cardiac and oesophageal musculatures were examined. Additionally, cardiac muscle samples from 40 fetuses were included. An infestation rate of 93% in sheep, 82% in cattle, 81% in goats, 16.6% in donkeys and 6.6% in chickens was noted. The infestation rate of diaphragm, masseter, cardiac and oesophageal musculatures seems to be similar. None of the 40 fetal heart muscle samples from bovine, ovine, caprine and d...
Structural investigation of the complexation properties between horse spleen apoferritin and metalloporphyrins. Crystallographic studies of L-chain horse spleen apoferritin (HSF) co-crystallized with Pt-hematoporphyrin IX and Snprotoporphyrin IX have brought significant new insights into structure-function relationships in ferritins. Interactions of HSF with porphyrins are discussed. Structural results show that the nestling properties into HSF are dependent on the porphyrin moiety. (Only protoporphyrin IX significantly interacts with the protein, whereas hematoporphyrin IX does not.) These studies additionally point out the L-chain HSF ability to demetalate metalloporphyrins, a result which is of impor...
