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Topic:Animal Health
Animal Health encompasses a broad range of topics focused on maintaining and improving the well-being of equine species. This field addresses various aspects of horse care, including disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management of health conditions. Key areas of interest include equine nutrition, vaccination protocols, parasite control, dental care, and the management of chronic conditions such as laminitis and colic. Additionally, animal health research in horses investigates the impact of exercise and training on physical health, the role of genetics in disease susceptibility, and the development of new therapeutic approaches. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the latest advancements, challenges, and best practices in preserving and enhancing the health of horses.
Surgical implantation of cardiovascular devices in the thorax of the horse. A surgical thoracotomy and implantation of an electromagnetic flow probe around the ascending aorta and catheters in the left ventricular (LV) apex of the horse were evaluated. Sixteen operations were done: 4 horses were used for acute experiments, 4 horses died from surgical manipulation, and 8 horses were studied chronically for 18 to 57 days. The electromagnetic flow probe allowed continuous measurement of stroke volume and heart rate. The LV apical catheters, in conjunction with thermal dilution techniques and pressure-sensitive devices, allowed measurement and calculation of mean arterial...
The comparative pathology of non-viral bullous skin diseases in domestic animals. In a review of non-viral bullous skin diseases of domestic animals and a 4-year study of cases presented to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, we found 15 diseases: pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis herpetiformis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug eruption, epidermolysis bullosa, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, familial acantholysis, bovine congenital porphyria, impetigo and subcorneal pustular dermatosis. The 15 diseases were placed in five categories: autoimmune, imm...
The reverse single radial immunodiffusion technique for detecting antibodies to Dermatophilus congolensis. The reverse single radial immunodiffusion technique was used to detect Dermatophilus congolensis antibody in sera collected from animals previously infected to varying levels with D congolensis. Ammonium sulphate and trichloroacetic acid extracts of five different strains of D congolensis obtained from different geographical locations were used as antigens. All the extracts showed variations in their sensitivities in detecting D congolensis antibody in the various serum samples. Multiple antibodies were detected by some extracts while some showed negative antibody reaction to all extracts. Two...
The effect of trypsin digestion on the structure and iron-donating properties of transferrins from several species. The effect of trypsin digestion on iron-saturated and iron-free (apo) human, rabbit, bovine, pig and horse tranferrins has been studied. Iron-binding fragments were produced only from iron-saturated pig and bovine transferrins although some cleavage of the polypeptide chain occurred in all cases. The apo-transferrins were generally degraded to a greater extent than the corresponding iron-saturated proteins. The ability of the different transferrins to donate iron to rabbit reticulocytes varied in the order rabbit approximately pig greater than human approximately horse greater than bovine. Try...
Squamous cell carcinoma of the equine stomach. A report of seven cases. Both clinical and pathological features of seven horses suffering from a squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach are presented. The main complaints in the horses, aged six years or more, were loss both of weight and of condition. Metastases had often developed. The diagnostic difficulties and possibilities are discussed.
A freeze-thaw method for concentrating plasma and serum for treatment of hypogammaglobulinaemia. Components of plasma or serum, including immunoglobulins, were concentrated two-fold by freezing then collecting 40-50% of the initial volume during thawing. This concentrated plasma (or serum) was administered intravenously to treat hypogammaglobulinaemic foals and calves. An adaptation of this method suitable for field use is described.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the equine stomach. Summary Both clinical and pathological features of seven horses suffering from a squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach are presented. The main complaints in the horses, aged six years or more, were loss both of weight and of condition. Metastases had often developed. The diagnostic difficulties and possibilities are discussed.
The priority for equine research. An attempt is made to review the validity of the claim that more equine research is required with the conclusion that the problems in the equine field that would respond to research must be listed and each assigned a degree of priority according to suggested criteria. Future action will then depend upon identifying or stimulating scientific initiative and seeking the required financial support noting that self help from the equine industry has not been adequately utilised.
Vascular responses in equine thoracic limb during and after pneumatic tourniquet application. Vascular responses occurring with pneumatic tourniquet application were evaluated in the equine thoracic limb. Recordings of pressure (arterial and venous) and flow (arterial) distal to the tourniquet were made for 60 minutes. Reactive hyperemia was observed; however the increased flow was neither of a sufficient duration nor of a great enough volume for total repayment of flow loss.
Studies on the efficacy of fenbendazole used in a divided dosage regime against strongyle infections in ponies. The efficacy of a fenbendazole divided dose regime against immature stages of Trichonema spp, Strongylus vulgaris and Strongylus edentatus was evaluated. A group of 8 naturally infected 30 to 36-month-old ponies was divided into 2 equal groups on the basis of previous treatment and faecal egg counts, one group being treated with 7.5 mg/kg bwt of fenbendazole daily for 5 days. This treatment regime removed 80 per cent of migrating S vulgaris larvae, 100 per cent of migrating S edentatus larvae and 95 per cent of the mucosal stages of Trichonema spp. In addition, a virtual 100 per cent eliminati...
Low doses of oxytocin can induce foaling at term. Levels of the major circulating metabolite of prostaglandin F-2 alpha, 13, 14 dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (PGFM) were measured during the induction of foaling using small (2.5-10 iu) intravenous doses of oxytocin. PGFM levels rose rapidly in all animals within 15 min of injection and were associated with typical signs of second stage labour. Because these small doses of oxytocin are effective in successfully triggering parturition it is suggested that higher doses (40-120 iu) used to induce birth in other studies are unnecessary and could be potentially dangerous to the foetal foal....
Serological studies on leptospirosis in domestic animals in Quebec. During a period of 30 months, from January 1977 to June 1979, Leptospira agglutinins were detected in 355 (6%) of 5841 bovine sera, 52 (10.1%) of 511 porcine sera, one (5%) of 20 equine sera and one (12.5%) of eight canine sera. Bovine, porcine and equine sera reacted predominantly with L. pomona. Reactors to L. hardjo/sejroe, L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. grippotyphosa were also detected in cattle. One porcine serum reacted with L. grippotyphosa and one canine serum with L. icterohaemorrhagiae. Al the sera originated from suspected cases of leptospirosis.
Studies on fenbendazole for treating lung and intestinal parasites in horses and donkeys. The efficacy of orally administered fenbendazole on lung and intestinal parasitism in equids was investigated in a mixed herd of pony mares, jenny donkeys and foals. A single dose of 7.5 mg fenbendazole/kg body weight effectively removed intestinal parasites from the ponies, donkeys and foals, but higher doses and repeated treatments failed to eliminate lungworm infections in donkeys. The finding of eosinophilia proved useful in detecting lungworm infections in donkeys.
Renin, aldosterone and cortisol in the thoroughbred horse. To assess the renin-aldosterone system in a large mammal, simultaneous morning activities of plasma renin and concentrations of aldosterone and cortisol were measured in 25 thoroughbred horses. Renin was relatively low in all horses (0.16 +/- 0.02 (S.E.M.) ng angiotensin I/ml per h), levels of aldosterone in plasma were 527 +/- 130 pmol/1 and levels of cortisol in plasma were 141 +/- 11 nmol/l. Levels of aldosterone were significantly correlated with levels of renin in all horses (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001) but not with those of cortisol, and renin was negatively correlated with age in male ...
Environmental exposure to Coxiella burnetii: a sero-epidemiologic survey among domestic animals. The prevalence of agglutinating serum antibodies against Coxiella burnetii, the cause of Q fever in humans, was tested in a hospital population of companion animals and livestock in California during 1973--1975. A sample of stray dogs was also tested. Among the hospitalized animals 346 (48%) of 724 dogs, 7 (9%) of 80 cats, 9 (32%) of 28 cattle and 31 (26%) of 121 horses had antibodies against C. burnetii. Of 316 stray dogs 208 (66%) were seropositive. The overall prevalence of 53% among 1040 dogs tested was comparable to the 63% antibody prevalence found in an earlier survey among coyotes and ...
The immunological approach to pregnancy diagnosis: a review. The developing embryo/fetus bears antigens which are foreign to the mother and it could be expected that immune rejection of the conceptus would occur. One of the reasons why the fetus is not rejected is because a depression of the maternal immune response takes place during pregnancy. Serum from pregnant animals of several species has been shown to contain a factor, early pregnancy factor (EPF), which is immunosuppressive. EPF has been detected as early as six hours after mating and its detection could aid diagnosis of early pregnancy in all species.
Purification by affinity chromatography and characterization of a neutral alpha-glucosidase from horse kidney. A horse kidney neutral alpha-D-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20) was purified about 580-fold with a yield of 33% by an affinity chromatography technique using the p-aminophenyl-beta-D-maltoside, a substrate derivative, as ligand. The purified enzyme, homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 280 000 as calculated by gel filtration and its isoelectric focusing points was found to be pH 4.1. The purified enzyme was able to hydrolyze various substrates having (alpha-1,2), (alpha-1,3), (alpha-1,4), and (alpha-1,6) glu...
