Omneity® Pellets
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Topic:Animal Science
Animal Science and horses encompass the study of equine biology, physiology, and management practices aimed at understanding and improving horse health, welfare, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines, including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, and behavior, to address the needs of horses in diverse contexts such as sports, work, and companionship. Research in this area often focuses on optimizing feeding strategies, enhancing breeding programs, and developing effective health management protocols. Additionally, studies explore the genetic factors influencing traits such as athleticism and disease resistance, as well as the impact of environmental and management conditions on horse behavior and welfare. This page gathers peer-reviewed research and scholarly articles that investigate the scientific principles underpinning equine science and their practical applications in horse care and management.
Studies related to the metabolism of anabolic steroids in the horse: the metabolism of 1-dehydrotestosterone and the use of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the identification of steroid conjugates. The metabolism and urinary excretion of 1,2(n)-3H-1-dehydrotestosterone were studied in cross-bred gelded horses. Approximately 40% of the dose was excreted in 24 h. The steroid metabolites were extracted by Amberlite XAD-2 resin and fractionated into glucuronides and sulphoconjugates. Unchanged 1-dehydrotestosterone was the only component identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry after solvolysis of the sulphoconjugates. Positive and negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectra were obtained on the purified 1-dehydrotestosterone sulphoconjugate isolated from horse urine and on the...
Native American medicinal plants. Anemonin from the horse stimulant Clematis hirsutissima. Anemonin, the dilactone of cyclobutane-1,2-diol-1,2-diacrylic acid derived from the cyclodimerization of protoanemonin, a known blistering agent, was isolated from Clematis hirsutissima, a plant used by the Nez Perce and Teton Sioux nations as a horse stimulant.
Further purification and characterisation of horse IgE. Horse IgE was isolated from a serum pool collected from foals naturally infected with endoparasites. The serum was precipitated with ammonium sulfate, delipidated with dextran sulfate and further purified by gel filtration, anionic exchange, immunosorption or preparative polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. By these methods IgE could be isolated at a purity of 81%. The sera from rabbits immunized with the purified horse serum fractions were tested using reversed passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By the ELISA method cross reaction of rabbit anti horse...
The effects of stanozolol and boldenone undecylenate on scrotal width, testis weight, and sperm production in pony stallions. Fifty mature pony stallions were randomly assigned to one of five treatment groups: Group 1- controls (no treatment), Group 2 - 0.55 mg/kg stanozolol weekly for 13 treatments, Group 3 - 1.1 mg/kg stanozolol every 3 weeks for 5 treatments, Group 4 - 1.1 mg/kg boldenone undecylenate every 3 weeks for 5 treatments, and Group 5 - 0.55 mg/kg boldenone undecylenate weekly for 13 treatments. Scrotal widths (SW), combined testis weights (CTW), and daily sperm productions (DSP) were not different between Groups 1 and 2. Ponies in Group 5 had smaller SW (P<0.01), smaller CTW and decreased DSP compare...
Analysis of serum and lymphocyte surface IgM of healthy and immunodeficient horses with monoclonal antibodies. Nine monoclonal antibodies which reacted with equine immunoglobulin (Ig)M and not other equine Ig and serum proteins were prepared. Cells producing antibodies (C 1.9) which precipitated with IgM and bound to staphylococcal protein A were triple-cloned (C 1.9/3.2) and the antibodies further characterized. Monoclonal antibody C 1.9/3.2 reacted with an IgM determinant present on serum IgM from horses of several breeds. Studies with 125I-labeled IgM revealed the presence of this determinant on all IgM molecules. The monoclonal antibody enabled quantitation of IgM in presuckling foal and adult hors...
Sweet itch: responses of clinically normal and affected horses to intradermal challenge with extracts of biting insects. In a study of the skin reactivity of horses with lesions of sweet itch, six clinically normal horses and seven affected horses were challenged intradermally with extracts of Culicoides, Stomoxys, Tabanidae and Culex species. All the affected horses and three of the normal horses responded strongly to the culicoides extract. The skin reactions in the affected horses reached their maxima within 4 h in the majority of animals. Skin reactivity to culicoides was transferred to normal horses with serum from affected animals confirming that the reaction was an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Thr...
Copper and zinc levels in the blood of thoroughbreds in training in the United Kingdom. The concentration of copper and zinc in the blood and sera of over 300 Thoroughbreds in training was determined by atomic absorption between February 1979 and July 1981. The mean (+/- sd) concentration of copper in the serum of stabled Thoroughbreds (79 +/- 16 micrograms/dl) was significantly (P less than 0.0001) lower than that of those at grass (101 +/- 26 micrograms/dl), whereas the mean serum zinc concentration of stabled Thoroughbreds (170 +/- 54 micrograms/dl) was higher than that of those at grass (111 +/- 45 micrograms/dl). No such differences were observed in whole blood. There were m...
Ecology and catastrophic mortality in wild horses: implications for interpreting fossil assemblages. The identities, sexes, and reproductive status of groups of wild horses (Equus caballus) living in the Great Basin Desert of North America were known prior to their deaths on ridgelines. Another group of very young horses died on a quagmire. Snow accumulation or drought was apparently responsible for the mass deaths. These data have implications for reconstructing some aspects of the social structure of fossil mammals on the basis of skewed sex or age ratios in bone assemblages.
Secondary closure of infected abdominal incisions in cattle and horses. Infected abdominal incisions in 7 cattle and 3 horses were resutured with monofilamentous stainless steel retention sutures. After debridement of devitalized and infected tissue, wound edges were apposed with simple interrupted vertical (5 cattle, 3 horses) or horizontal (2 cattle) mattress sutures, placed through all layers of the body wall. Sutures were placed 2 to 3 cm apart over rubber tubing, 3 to 5 cm from wound edges. In 5 of the 10 operations, skin and subcutaneous tissue were left unsutured. The repaired wounds were supported with an encircling elastic roll bandage and sterile compres...
[Study of conformational changes in alcohol dehydrogenase during its interaction with silochrome adsorbent by the EPR spectroscopy method]. The possible use of EPR spectroscopy (spin labelling) for the study of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase with a silochrome adsorbent is discussed. The rotatory diffusion of nitroxyl labels chemically linked to the enzyme was studied with reference to the time of the enzyme incubation with the adsorbent and the degree of its accumulation on the adsorbent surface. The mobility of nitroxyl radicals attached to the protein globules was shown to increase with time. It was concluded that the conformation of the enzyme molecules changes during their interaction with the adsorbent.
Heritability and repeatability of speed for 2- and 3-year-old standardbred racehorses. Repeatabilities (t) and heritabilities (h2) of racing time were estimated from data on 7,206 2- and 3-yr-old Standardbred pacers and trotters competing in 1-mile (1.6 km) charted races at six tracks between 1975 and 1978. A total of 38,487 records representing 2,387 sire progeny groups were divided into subsets by gait, age and track. Initially, the designation "class of race" was recognized as a subjective categorization that reflected nonrandom assignments of horses to races. After extensive investigation, we concluded that racing times should be adjusted by linear regression for the time of...
Effect of ambient temperature upon the surface temperature of the equine limb. Ten clinically healthy adult horses were examined with the portable infrared thermometer at ambient temperatures of 5, 15, and 25 C to evaluate the thermal response of limbs of the horse to variations of ambient temperature. Limb surface temperature varied in direct proportion to changes in the ambient temperature, with considerable variation occurring among individual horses, especially at the lower temperatures. Areas of proximal parts of the limbs were more resistant to temperature variation than were distal parts. Ambient temperature had a statistically significant, but clinically unimport...
Induced abortion and social factors in wild horses. Much evidence now suggests that the postnatal killing of young in primates and carnivores, and induced abortions in some rodents, are evolved traits exerting strong selective pressures on adult male and female behaviour. Among ungulates it is perplexing that either no species have developed convergent tactics or that these behaviours are not reported, especially as ungulates have social systems similar to those of members of the above groups. Only in captive horses (Equus caballus) has infant killing been reported. It has been estimated that 40,000 wild horses live in remote areas of the Great...
Lesions of contagious equine metritis in mares. Twenty-three mares were infected with contagious equine metritis organism by intrauterine inoculation, and necropsied after intervals of two to 116 days. Severe diffuse subacute salpingitis was seen in one mare, and mild multifocal subacute salpingitis was common. Severe diffuse endometritis and cervicitis initially were acute and became more severe, subacute and predominantly plasmacytic by 14 days, then declined but persisted as mild diffuse or multifocal inflammation for the rest of the experimental period. Vaginitis arose in parallel but resolved after 70 days. There were no lesions in the...
Hyperventilation in ponies at the onset of and during steady-state exercise. We studied blood gases in ponies to assess the relationship of alveolar ventilation (VA) to pulmonary CO2 delivery during moderate treadmill exercise. In normal ponies for 1.8, 3, or 6 mph, respectively, partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood (PaCO2) decreased maximally by 3.1, 4.4, and 5.7 Torr at 30-90 s of exercise and remained below rest by 1.4, 2.3, and 4.5 Torr during steady-state (4-8 min) exercise (P less than 0.01). Partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood (PaO2) and arterial pH, (pHa) also reflected hyperventilation. Mixed venus CO2 partial pressure (PVCO2) decreased 2.3 and 2.9 T...
Isolation of horse mononuclear cells, especially of monocytes, on Isopaque-Ficoll neutral density gradient. Horse mononuclear cells were separated from whole blood using neutral density gradient centrifugation on Isopaque-Ficoll. The resulting cell suspension was comparable in composition with similarly prepared human and bovine mononuclear cell preparations. The relative concentration of monocytes was increased by the use of a gradient with density lower than that originally proposed by Böyum (Böyum, A. 1968. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Investig. 21 supple. 97:77-89). Contamination by neutrophils was limited either by using a gradient medium of lower density or by replacing Isopaque-Ficoll by Percoll-0....
