Topic:Biotechnology
Biotechnology in horses encompasses the application of biological techniques and tools to enhance equine health, performance, and reproduction. This field includes genetic engineering, cloning, and the development of vaccines and therapeutics tailored to equine physiology. Techniques such as gene editing and stem cell therapy are explored for their potential to address genetic disorders, improve tissue regeneration, and enhance disease resistance in horses. Additionally, advancements in reproductive biotechnology, such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer, contribute to genetic diversity and breeding efficiency. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that investigate the applications, methodologies, and implications of biotechnology in equine science.
Energy and current requirements for ventricular defibrillation using trapezoidal waves. The threshold energy and current required for ventricular defibrillation was determined in dogs ranging in weight from 6.4 to 38 kg and in ponies ranging in weight from 40 to 101 kg. Trapezoidal waves, 10 ms in duration, with 10%, 50%, 70%, and 90% tilt were applied to transchest electrodes. For all values of tilt, the energy and current required increased with body weight. The energy dose (joules per kilogram of body weight) was higher for the heavier animals, whereas the current dose (peak amperes per kilogram of body weight) was essentially the same for dogs and ponies. In both species and ...
A new method for the isolation of aminoacylase from mammalian kidneys. Aminoacylase (E.C. 3.5.1.14) was isolated from the kidneys of different mammalian species (horse, cattle, rabbit and pig) by extracting the organ with water and subjecting the extract to heat treatment at 70 degrees C for 10 min, then, after having removed denatured proteins by fractionating those remaining in the solution by ammonium sulfate. The enzyme obtained in this way can either be used directly for practical purposes (e.g. preparation of immobilized aminoacylase) or further purified by chromatography. For the further purification of porcine kidney aminoacylase we applied a combination ...
Improved measurements of shear modulus and pleural membrane tension of the lung. The continuum solution for the deformation of an elastic half space covered by a membrane is used to interpret measurements of the indentation of lung lobes under a column of fluid. The shear modulus mu of the underlying parenchyma is found to be approximately 0.7 times transpulmonary pressure, independent of species size. The tension in the pleural membrane T increases rapidly with increasing membrane area. For dog lungs, the value of T is 10(3) to 10(4) dyn/cm. For the larger species tested, pigs and horses, T is larger. The continuum solution shows that a concentrated force applied to the p...
Collagenase in equine cell culture preparation. Equine kidney cells disaggregated by treatment with 0.01% collagenase were used in the preparation of primary monolayer cell cultures. The primary cells could be stored for long periods in liquid nitrogen and subsequently subcultivated. These techniques provided a long-term supply of equine kidney cells, free of apparent contamination, from the kidneys of a single fetus.
Determination of the charge of horse kidney metallothionein by free boundary electrophoresis. Traditionally, the charge of a protein molecule as determined by electrophoresis has been compared to that revealed by pH titration, and any lack of coincidence has been ascribed to ion binding, and the two results have been brought into agreement by adjustment of binding parameters (1). Metallo-thionein allows a unique opportunity to examine the validity of the electrophoretic approach, since the amino acid sequence and metal atom binding studies allow the absolute charge of the molecule to be computed (2). This then can be compared to the charge determined from electrophoretic mobility measu...
Stability of the lyophilized F(ab’)2 fragments of horse tetanus antibodies isolated by affinity chromatography. F(ab')2 fragments of horse tetanus antibodies were obtained from horse hyperimmune sera after peptic digestion. The digest was passed through a column of tetanus toxoid coupled with Sepharose 4B, F(ab')2 fragments were eluted with a solution of 5 mM HCl in 150 mM NaCl and the eluates were concentrated by ultrafiltration and lyophilized. Glycine and human serum albumin were used as stabilizing agents. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight of the fragments remained unchanged after lyophilization. Freeze-dried preparations stored two months at 56 degrees C showed only a...
[Structure and topography of the nucleus intermediomedialis in the equine spinal cord]. In this paper, structure and position of the centers of the parasympathetic nervous system in the horse spinal cord were presented. Studies were carried out on 2 horse spinal cordis. After sampling, the material was dehydrated in alcohol, embedded in paraffin and cut into 15 micron thick sections. The sections were stained according to Nissl's method. Every third section was studied. Nucleus intermediomedialis in the horse spinal cord is an intermittent tract of nervous cells passing from the I cervical neuromere to the V sacral segment. The cells of this nucleus form round, horizontally--oval...
A detection tube for cholinesterase inhibiting compounds. The enzyme butyrylcholinesterase from horse serum catalyses the hydrolysis of certain esters. The orange-red 2,6-dichloroindophenyl acetate will be converted by the enzyme into a deep blue alcohol. The colour transformation does not occur when the enzyme is inactivated. By making use of this biochemical reaction a cheap and simple, but very sensitive and specific detection tube could bedeveloped. The tube comprises a breakable ampoule with an aqueous buffer solution, a freeze-dried preparation of the chromogenic ester with a filler promoting its dissolution, a freeze-dried preparation of butyr...
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study of molecular interactions in hemoglobin. Infrared absorption spectra of the alpha-104 (G11) cysteine SH group have been observed for aqueous solutions of hemoglobin derivatives from humans, pigs, and horses. The center frequencies ((nu)SH) show ligand sensitive patterns that are similar for the three species, with (nu)SH (HbCO) <(nu)SH (HbO(2) ~ HbCN) < (nu)SH (Hb(+)) <<(nu)SH (deoxyHb) for human and pig hemoglobins. The alpha-104 SH group is most strongly H-bonded (smallest (nu)SH), has the greatest range of (nu)SH (Hb ? HbCO) in human hemoglobin, and is least strongly H-bonded and has the smallest range of (nu)SH (Hb ? HbCO) in hor...
The presence of two (Na+ + K+)-ATPase inhibitors in equine muscle ATP: vanadate nad a dithioerythritol-dependent inhibitor. A potent inhibitor of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity was purified from Sigma equine muscle ATP by cation- and anion-exchange chromatography. The isolated inhibitor was identified by atomic absorption spectroscopy and proton resonance spectroscopy to be an inorganic vanadate. The isolated vanadate and a solution of V2O5 inhibit sarcolemma (Na+ + K+)-ATPase with an I50 of 1 micrometer in the presence of 1 mM ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 145 mM NaCl, 6mM MgCl2, 15 mM KCl and 2 mM synthetic ATP. The potency of the isolated vanadate is increased by free Mg2+. ...
Production of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in cells grown on artificial capillaries. Primary cell cultures, a continuous cell line, and a diploid cell line were grown on an artificial capillary system. The cells were subsequently infected with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and viral replication was studied. Extracellular fluids harvested from this system contained high titers of virus and were relatively free of cell debris.
Circular dichroic properties and conformation of thionicotinamide dinucleotides bound to horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase. The interaction between horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and the oxidized and reduced forms of the 3-thionicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide coenzyme analogues (sNAD and sNADH) has been investigated by ultraviolet absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism. The fluorescence of sNADH is enhanced when bound to the enzyme, and the protein fluorescence is quenched by both sNADH (60--65%) and sNAD (65%). The possible origin of the larger quenching produced by sNAD with respect to that of NAD is discussed. Coenzyme dissociation constants have been determined by monitoring the quenching of the p...
Artifact production with micromanometers used to record intracardiac pressure and sound. In horses experimental right and left heart catheterization using a catheter with two microtransducers 9 cm apart, usually in a transvalval position produced pressure and sound artifacts that confounded the diagnosis. Most were probably due to malpositioning resulting in movement through a valve during recording or impingement on the valve cusps or the chordae tendineae or lodgement in the apex of the heart. The recognition of these artifacts is particularly important in studies of large animals in which catheter siting cannot be monitored by radiography.