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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Effects of etiocholanolone and prednisolone on intravascular granulocyte kinetics in horses. The functional capacity of the marrow granulocyte reserve (MGR) in 4 adult horses was studied, using 51Cr-labeled leukocytes. The mean increase in the peripheral granulocyte count following injections of etiocholanolone (0.3 mg/kg) was 870 granulocytes/mm3, and the mean increase following prednisolone administration (200 mg) was 5,880 granulocytes/mm3. Etiocholanolone failed to mobilize the MGR and decreased the rate of granulocyte egress from the blood. Prednisolone rapidly mobilized the MGR and markedly decreased the granulocyte specific activity during the first 3 hours after injection.
Method for the automation of equine differential leucocyte counts. A technique for automating equine differential leucocyte counts by analysis of volume distribution curves using the Coulter Channelyzer has been developed and evaluated. A comparison between the results obtained by this method and standard microscopic techniques showed good agreement in most cases. Blood samples can be analysed for both differential and total leucocyte counts at a rate of 25/h. For each sample an average 16,000 leucocytes are classified by the Channelyzer. The method of volume analysis is suitable for the precise counting of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosin...
Aqueous procaine penicillin G in the horse: serum, synovial, peritoneal, and urine concentrations after single-dose intramuscular administration. Six adult mares were given a single dose of aqueous suspension procaine penicillin G (300,000 IU/ml) IM at a dosage of 22,000 IU/kg of body weight (15.4 mg of penicillin G/kg). Serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine penicillin concentrations were measured serially over a 48-hour period. The mean peak serum penicillin concentration was 1.42 microgram/ml at 3 hours. Penicillin was detected in synovial fluid and peritoneal fluid, which obtained mean peak penicillin concentrations of 0.62 microgram/ml and 0.58 microgram/ml, at 4 hours and 3 hours, respectively. These concentrations ste...
Resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics in equine strongyles. 2. Evidence of side-resistance, and susceptibility of benzimidazole-resistant strongyles to non-benzimidazole compounds. The susceptibility of a known thiabendazole-resistant population of small strongyles to anthelmintics of both benzimidazole and non-benzimidazole groups, was determined. In the first study, 42 horses infected with thiabendazole-resistant small strongyles were allocated to 6 groups. Treatment groups received one of the following anthelmintics: mebendazole, febantel, febantel plus trichlorphon, morantel tartrate, or a combination of thiabendazole, piperazine and trichlorphon. Morantel tartrate and the thiabendazole/piperazine/trichlorphon combination produced highly significant (p less than 0.00...
Osteochondrosis of the shoulder joint of the horse. Osteochondrosis of the shoulder joint in the horse was diagnosed radiographically in 54 shoulders of 38 horses. Clinical signs were those of an intermittent lameness characterized as a swinging leg shoulder lameness with pain elicited by extension, flexion or abduction of the limb. Diagnosis of shoulder lameness was supported by blocking the shoulder joint with local anesthetics. Radiographic changes consisted of: (1) alteration in the contour of the humeral head and glenoid cavity, (2) periarticular osteophyte formation, (3) sclerosis of the subchondral bone, and (4) bone cyst formation. The ...
Technique for reversible vagal blockade in the standing conscious pony. A surgical technique is described for preparation of chronic cervical vagal loops in ponies. Vagal blockade was induced by circulating methanol (-2 C) through coils which enclosed the loops. Vagal blockade increased tidal volume, heart rate, and systemic blood pressure and decreased respiratory rate. Atropine, given at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg IV, increased heart rate and systemic pressure but did not alter respiratory variables, indicating that vagal cooling caused both afferent and efferent blockade. The effects of vagal blockade were rapidly reversed when refrigerated coils were removed.
The effect of equine coital exanthema on the fertility of mares covered by stallions exhibiting the clinical disease. The effect on the fertility of mares during two outbreaks of equine coital exanthema have been described. Conception was not prevented, nor was pregnancy terminated in mares showing active lesions of coital exanthema. Normal pregnancy rates occurred in mares served during active infection of the stallions. Origin of the disease was not determined.
A cytogenetical study of prenatal loss in the mare. The objective of this study was to investigate an hypothesis that chromosome anomalies are an important cause of prenatal loss in the mare. An attempt was made to analyse, cytogenetically, a series of 26 equine abortuses. Cell cultures were prepared from a range of tissues, but failed to grow, and chromosome analysis was therefore not possible for any of these specimens. Consequently, a study was made of the metaphase chromosomes prepared from 22 equine embryos after their surgical removal from mares' uteri. The karyotypes prepared for each specimen were normal. The current findings are discus...
D(+)-xylose absorption test in the horse. A clinical study. 25 horses were subjected to the D(+)-xylose absorption test. 1 gram of D(+)-xylose/kg bw. was administered orally. Based upon the shape of the absorption curves the 25 patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 11 patients with a normal absorption curve (Figure 3) Group 2 5 patients with a flat absorption curve (Figure 4) Group 3 3 patients with a flat absorption curve (Figure 5) Group 4 7 patients with an intermediary type of absorption curve (Figure 6). Administration of sodium chloride in equimolar concentrations did not improve the absorption of D(+)-xylose. 73 per cent of the horses ...
Vaginal pH during estrus in mares. Vaginal hydrogen ion concentration of Saddlebred mares was measured throughout the behavioral estrous period. The mean pH on the day of ovulation was significantly (P = <.01) lower than on all other tested days of estrus. Follicular development and vaginal pH values in pony mares at time of slaughter were highly correlated. A significant decrease in vaginal pH values, determined through a series of carefully monitored measurements during estrus, was found to be characteristic and indicative of ovulation.
Studies on the physiopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. IV. Blood gas and acid-base values at rest. Radiometer Blood Micro-system 2 was used in studies designed to, (a) compare the mean blood gas and acid-base values of 38 normal horses and 20 horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (b) determine the means and standard deviations of blood gas and acid-base values of Thoroughbred horses in training, and (c) investigate the relationships between clinical data, blood gas values, intracardiac and pulmonary arterial pressures in subjects with COPD. There were significant differences between the mean values for partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide (...
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride in the horse: serum, synovial, peritoneal and urine concentrations after single dose intravenous administration. Six adult mares were given a single intravenous injection of oxytetracycline HCl (50 mg/ml) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. Serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and urine oxytetracycline concentrations were measured serially over a 48-h period. The highest measured serum oxytetracycline concentration was 8.01 mcg/ml at 1/2 h. Oxytetracycline was detected in synovial fluid and peritoneal fluid, which obtained mean peak oxytetracycline concentrations of 4.43 mcg/ml and 4.20 mcg/ml, at 1/2 h and 1 h, respectively. These concentrations steadily declined in parallel with serum concentrations and were n...
Cardiopulmonary effects of clenbuterol in the horse. Clenbuterol, a bronchospasmolytic agent (beta 2 agonist) was studied in terms of its hemodynamic and airflow response in eight, healthy horses. Four animals were instrumented to record intrapleural pressure and air flow, these were used to compute pulmonary resistance, peak flow rates, and tidal volumes. Four animals were instrumented to record pulmonary arterial pressure, carotid arterial pressure, cardiac output, and arterial gas tensions. After control values were recorded, clenbuterol (0.8 microgram/kg) was intravenously administered to each horse in each experiment group. Following clenbu...
Studies on the chromosomes and sex chromatin in the horse. This study provides accumulated data to assist the definition of karyotypes from normal and infertile horses. The normal karyotype of the horse (2n = 64) was characterized following Giemsa staining and C- banding, and 23% aneuploidy was found among chromosome counts of cells prepared from 44 clinically normal horses and 24 equine embryos. These expected variations in chromosome counts are especially important in the evaluation of potential mosaicism. Centromere staining was shown to be a valuable aid for the identification of specific chromosomes, in particular the sex chromosomes. Sex chromat...
Effect of exogenous hyaluronic acid on joint function in experimentally induced equine osteoarthritis: dosage titration studies. A single intra-articular injection of 20 or 40 mg of purified hyaluronic acid of rooster comb origin resulted in restoration of normal joint function in horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. The functional improvement, measured by pressure sensitive force plate techniques, was detectable within one week after treatment and persisted throughout a four week experimental period despite continued use of the joints. The response was dose dependent in that injection of 0 (saline), 5 or 10 mg hyaluronic acid per joint space resulted in no significant change in joint function while dosage...
The use of endometrial biopsy in the infertile mare. The results of a study on endometrial biopsies obtained from 700 infertile mares are reported. Infiltrative endometritis was present in 51% consisting of a combination of an acute and chronic cellular response in 6%, mild chronic infiltrations in 35% and moderate to severe chronic infiltrations in 10%. Demonstrable endometrial fibrosis was found in 88% of the mares with the majority having mild (51%) or moderate (35%) changes. The age of the mares and the average number of years barren gradually increased with the severity of endometrial fibrosis, as did the combined incidence of fetal loss (e...
The susceptibility of isolates of Corynebacterium equi to antimicrobial drugs. Fifty-one isolates of Corynebacterium equi recovered from pigs and horses belonging to two capsular serotypes were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. No clear differences were detected in sensitivity between isolates of different sources or serotypes. All isolates were sensitive to less than 0.25 micrograms/ml of erythromycin and gentamicin. The following minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined for greater than or equal to 90% of isolates: methicillin greater than 16 micrograms/ml, clindamycin 1-2 micrograms/ml, tobramycin less than or e...
