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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
A preovulatory rise of dehydroepiandrosterone in the mare measured by radioimmunoassay. A radioimmunoassay procedure was developed for the measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) in peripheral serum in nonpregnant mares. The synthesis and conjugation of 3beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-19-al-17-one 19(0-carboxymethyl) oxime is described. Antisera were developed against this antigen and characterized. The most specific antiserum was used to measure DHA. Concentrations of DHA were greatest immediately before ovulation.
Pharmacology of procaine in the horse: a preliminary report. Rapid intravenous injection of 1 g of procaine hydrochloride in Thoroughbred mares produced variable signs of central nervous system excitation for as long as 4 minutes. Plasma concentrations of procaine were similarly variable and transient, decreasing with a half-life of approximately 25 minutes. In vitro, plasma from freshly collected equine blood hydrolyzed procaine with a half-life of approximately 7.5 minutes. This hydrolysis was apparently due to plasma esterases. Penicillin, when added free or complexed as procaine-penicillin, did not protect procaine against hydrolysis by these plasma...
Production of an equine anti-bovine leukocyte serum. A method is described for production of an equine anti-bovine leukocyte serum (EABLS). Leukocytes were harvested from the milk of cow's udders which had been irritated with endotoxin. The washed leukocytes as antigens were administered to 2 horses in a series of subcutaneous and intravenous injections. There was a variably progressive increase in total serum proteins and a decrease in albumin/blobulin ratios, but the most pronounced change was an increase in beta2-globulins. Accompanying these changes was an increase in the number of precipitin lines as shown by Ouchterlony analysis. Four old ...
The use of synthetic prostaglandin analogue to induce oestrus in mares. A clinical trial involving 359 mares was conducted to ascertain the clinical value of a synthetic prostaglandin analogue (fluprostenol, ICI-81,008) structurally related to PGF2oc for treating mares in prolonged dioestrus. Some 263 mares (73.3%) displayed oestrus within 5 days of a first intramuscular injection of 250 mug fluprostenol and, of those mares later examined for pregnancy, 108 (40%) were found to have conceived during the first induced oestrus. A further 21 mares (8%) cycled normally and conceived to services during the second oestrus. Most (80.3%) of the plasma samples obtained from...
Angiography of equine metacarpus and phalanges: alterations with medial palmar artery and medial palmar digital artery ligation. Vascular supply of the equine forelimb was partially disrupted by ligation of the medial palmar and medial palmar digital arteries. Vascular architecture was evaluated before and after ligation by angiography. It was apparent from the present study that existing collaterals or newly formed collaterals, or both, were sufficient to maintain limb viability.
The preparation and testing of antihuman lymphoblast globulin for clinical use. Antibodies to cultured human lymphoblasts were raised in horses using a schedule employing both subcutaneous and intravenous routes of injection. Plasma from groups of horses was pooled and the IgG prepared from each pool was tested extensively for safety and immunosuppressive efficacy in vitro and in vivo. On the basis of the results of skin grafting in monkeys, only globulins derived from the first main bleeds were blended to produce a bulk for clinical use. One early pool of globulin was discarded because when undiluted, it was lethal in monkeys by the intravenous route, and another pool wa...
The selection of antibiotics. The usefulness of an antibiotic depends not only upon its antibacterial potency and spectrum but also on the prevalence of resistant organisms and the extent and severity of the adverse reactions to which it may give rise. Variations in formulation of the same compound are reflected in differences in bioavailability. These may be intentional, as in the development of long-acting preparations, but may also be unexpected following differences in drug purity, content and gastro-intestinal absorption. Individual and species differences in treated animals also result in variations in bioavailabilit...
Lamellar corneal transplantation in the horse. Surgical correction of corneal opacities in horses has rarely been documented in detail and is still reported to be in the experimental stage. For this reason, studies of lamellar keratoplasty were conducted on the equine eye using a modified trephine with an adjustable inside quard for grafting of identical discs from the donor and the recipient cornea. Fourteen transplantations, seven with homografts and seven with heterografts, 15 and 9 mm in diameter, were performed. Sharp-edged, vertical, and regular outlined wound margins of the graft and host are essential for good adaptation and healin...
Combined immunodeficiency with failure of colostral immunoglobulins transfer in foals. Foals with combined immunodeficiency (CID), a fatal genetic defect in the production of both B and T lymphocytes, are born without immunoglobulins and are unable to synthesise them. CID foals receiving immunoglobulins via the dam's colostrum may live up to four months of age. Those CID foals with failure of passive transfer (FPT) die at a much earlier age. The occurrence of CID is of value in studying passive transfer of immunoglobulins, as no confusion exists as to when passive transfer ends and active synthesis of immunoglobulins begins. A high correlation has been found between early foal d...
Cryosurgical treatment of cancerous and noncancerous diseases of dogs, horses, and cats. Cryosurgery was used to treat a variety of cancerous and noncancerous diseases in dogs, horses, and cats. Follow-up evaluation on 52 animals revealed an overall "no recurrence" rate of 61%. Among the animals with no recurrence were 12 of 17 with cutaneous lesions and 5 of 8 (horses) with sarcoids. Seven of 10 dogs with anal fistulas healed after cryosurgery, but 2 had recurrence of the disease. Treatment of invasive neoplasms of the oral and nasal cavities was not successful. Side effects and complications were minimal.
The influence of taking uterine biopsies on the concentration of some steroids in the blood and in the uterus, on the ovarian activity, and on the sexual behaviour of the mare. It has been shown that stimulation of the uterus of mares by the daily taking of biopsies can result in the occurrence of oestrous symptoms. This is accompanied by some follicular growth and a progesterone content in the blood often higher than 1 ng/ml. The following observations suggest that this progesterone originates in the uterus and not in the ovaries: (1) no active corpora lutea appeared to be present in the ovaries after ovariectomy, (2) ovariectomized mares showed the same oestrous symptoms in similar experiments and even mating took place, (3) in the uterine biopsies the concentratio...
Comparison of three techniques for intestinal anastomosis in Equidae. Thirteen horses and ponies were used to evaluate an anastomotic technique utilizing a modified Gambee suture pattern. The modified Gambee technique was compared with a single-row everting technique and a double-row inverting technique. The double-row inverting technique predisposed to intestinal obstruction and resulted in minimal adhesions. The everting technique predisposed to leakage of intestinal contents and subsequent peritonitis. Adhesions were formed at the site of the anastomosis to such an extent as to jeopardize the proper position of the bowel. The technique did not cause any lumin...
Influence of azaperone/metomidate anaesthesia on blood biochemistry in the horse. Ponies were anaesthetized by administration of the ataractic, azaperone (0 · 2–0 · 8 mg/kg), in combination with the hypnotic, metomidate (3 · 5 mg/kg). Changes in blood biochemistry were measured during and following the course of action of these drugs. In control experiments, azaperone (0 · 4 and 0 · 8 mg/kg) was administered alone to other ponies. There were no significant changes in blood glucose concentration in either circumstance. Blood lactate and pyruvate concentrations and lactate/pyruvate ratio were not altered significantly by azaperone. However, moderate increases in lactat...
Epidermoid cyst of the brain in the horse. An aged Connemara mare had a neurological illness lasting 3 weeks and characterised by episodes of dullness, head-pressing, staggering gait and hyperexcitability. The signs recurred at intervals of 3 to 4 days, with intervening periods of apparent normality. Post-mortem examination revealed an epidermoid cyst on the dorsal surface of the occipital lobe of the left cerebral hemisphere. The cyst was lined by stratified squamous epithelium and contained desquamated keratinised material and blood. The lesion is considered to be a congenital malformation which enlarges and produces space-occupying ...
