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Topic:Clinical Study
Clinical studies in equine research involve the systematic investigation of health and disease in horses through structured scientific methods. These studies aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of treatments, understand disease mechanisms, and improve veterinary care practices. Clinical studies can include randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case-control studies. They may focus on various aspects such as pharmacokinetics, therapeutic interventions, and diagnostic techniques. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the design, implementation, and findings of clinical studies in equine medicine, providing insights into their impact on horse health and veterinary practices.
Surgical approaches to certain long bones of the horse for application of tension band plates. In the horse, surgical approaches for plating fractures of the ulna, radius, metacarpus, tibia, and metatarsus involved a single curvilinear skin incision and incision of the superficial fascia in a manner to prevent postoperative dehiscence. The tension side of the bones, as well as location of nerves, arteries, veins, and muscles, were the major determinants in developing these approaches for atraumatic surgery and short operative time.
Acid phosphatase heterogeneity in horse neutrophil and eosinophil leukocytes. Two distinct groups of acid phosphatase containing granules were characterized in neutrophils, each group displaying different multiple forms of the enzyme. The heavy granule acid phosphatase showed a lysosomal location. A second lighter group of particles contained a thermolabile, thiol-dependent acid p-nitrophenyl and alpha-naphtylphosphatase, an enzyme clearly different from lysosomal acid phosphatase. Acid phosphatase activity from eosinophil leukocytes appeared to be totally associated with the typical eosinophil granules. On mechanical disruption of these particles, an acid phosphatase w...
Condylomata acuminata. A 5-year-old Thoroughbred chestnut mare was presented because of multiple lesions noticed for approximately one year over the vulva and ther perianal areas. Clinically, there were moist warts that stood out because of their whitish color which contrasted strikingly with the surrounding, normally pigmented, uninvolved skin (Fig. 1). Repeated topical applications of 20% podophyllin in 95% ethyl alcohol produced rapid involution. Histopathologically, marked acanthosis, numerous mitoses, prominently vacuolated epidermal cells and a chronic dermal inflammatory infiltrate were seen (Figs. 2, 3, and ...
LDH and LDH isoenzymes of synovial fluid in the horse. LDH is an intracellular enzyme, which when cells degenerate is released to the extracellular spaces and body fluids. Cells and organs in the mammalian body differ from each other with respect to their LDH isoenzyme patterns. These circumstances have led to the use of LDH isoenzyme determinations in laboratory diagnostic work. In the present investigation total LDH activity and LDH isoenzyme distribution in equine synovial fluid from healthy joints, joints with serous arthritis, osteochondrosis dissecans and arthrosis, were determined. The fluids from the diseased joints differed from normal sy...
The treatment of equine skin infections using topical Trichlorocarbanilide. Skin scrapings from clinical cases of equine skin disorder were examined by culture to determine the micro-organisms involved. In-vitro and in-vivo studies were then made to determine the efficacy of Trichloro-carbanilide as a topical treatment for these cases. The laboratory findings and results of treatment are described, and the value of Trichlorocarbanilide in cases of bacterial, actinomycete and fungal infection assessed.
Aberrant retropharyngeal lymph nodes of a horse (Equus caballus). The occurrence of aberrant lymph nodes, on both sides of the head of a horse, belonging to the retropharyngeal lymphocenter has been reported.
Cardiac monitoring during exercise tests in the horse. 2. Heart rate responses to exercise. Data on resting heart rates, pre-exercise heart rates, the anticipatory rises before exercise, the influence of speed of work and recovery heart rates have been presented. Some observations on differences in the heart rate response on slow and fast working days are also recorded. In conformity with other workers, a linear relationship between heart rate and working speed within the range of 400-800 metre/min was observed. When the speed of work was between 400-800 metre/min, horses with resting ECG's classed as abnormal had significantly higher heart rates than those regarded as normal. It was...
Behaviour of the heart rate of horses with auricular fibrillation during exercise and after treatment. Cardioversion through varying quinidine sulphate treatments was achieved in 3 riding horses with auricular fibrillation. The horses were subjected to continual telemetric ECG registration before and after reversion in a uniform exercise-tolerance-test. A comparison of the heart rate curves showed a strong decline of the heart beat frequency during the exercise phase after synchronisation. The decrease in heart rate during exercise was greater than 30% in all 3 patients. Anti-arrhythmic treatment is, therefore, recommended for horses with auricular fibrillation and without concurrent heart dise...
Studies on erythrocyte metabolism following acute blood loss in the horse. Anaemic horses do not provide reticulocytes during an erythropietic response. Acute blood loss was studied in 4 ponies as a model to monitor changes in erythrocyte metabolism during active erythropoiesis. Following phlebotomy, erythrocyte adenosine-5-triphosphate, adenosine-5-diphosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and phosphoenolpyruvate increased signifcantly. The remaining glycolytic intermediates did not change. It is suggested that the determination of erythrocyte adenosine-5-triphosphate may be used to evaluate erythrocyte response following acute blood loss in the horse....
Viscosity of equine synovial fluid. Synovial fluid samples from 51 light horses were examined with respect to their rhéologie properties. The analyses were made with a Rotovisco RV3 rotational viscosimeter. Samples from carpal, stifle and hock joints and from healthy joints, joints with synovitis and joints with infectious arthritis were studied. The analyses showed that synovial fluids from both healthy and diseased joints have complex rhéologie properties. In most samples the viscosity varied with the shear rates, the main exceptions being synovial fluids from joints with infectious arthritis. Flow curves (flow behaviour), r...
The treatment of salmonellosis in Equidae. Among 23 Equidae in which various treatment or management regimens for salmonellosis were observed and evaluated, 9 horses were infected with Salmonella typhimurium and 8 with S anatum; an aged mule harbored S newport, and 1 isolant was not identified. Four dual sero-type infections occurred: 3 typhimurium/anatum and 1 anatum/newington. The results obtained with various antimicrobials in therapy of peracute, acute, and chronic infections were discouraging or questionable with regard to efficacy against salmonellae per se. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the salmonellae and coliforms f...
Spatial vector changes during ventricular depolarisation using a semi-orthogonal lead system–a study of 190 cases. The paper describes the spatial vector changes during ventricular depolarisation in 190 horses using a semi-orthogonal ECG lead system. The replacement of planar vector loops by a plot of 3 parameters to depict the changing spatial vector, with a time base on the X axis, is described and illustrated. Some horses with diastolic murmurs and some with a history of respiratory problems formed 2 distinct groups. As a result of these findings a possible relationship between the vector changes and the anatomical siting of the ventricles is suggested and discussed. Attention is drawn to certain measur...
Identification of allergens in extract of horse hair and dandruff by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Sera from 26 patients and 4 normals were examined for specific IgE binding to antigens of extract of horse hair and dandruff by means of CRIE. 22 of the patients were RAST- and intracutaneous-positive to horse extract. 4 more of the patients were RAST-negative to horse allergens, but showed allergies to extract of allergens from sources other than horse. The remaining four sera from controls were RAST-negative to horse and had no history of allergy. Antigens of horse hair and dandruff showed a significantly higher degree of binding to specific IgE in the sera from the first group of patients t...
Immunization of man and animals against influenza by oral and intranasal routes. Live human and equine influenza virus strains modified by serial passage on allantois-on-shell system (AOS) in the presence of normal horse serum were administered orally or intranasally to volunteers or horses. Mostly mild clinical short-lasting reactions, replication in nasal mucosae, transmission to placebo recipients and significant local or circulating antibody rises were observed following administration to volunteers of strains modified by five or less serial passages on AOS in the presence of normal horse serum (NHS). Milder clinical reactions, no replication, no viral transmission and...
The surgical treatment of fractures of the olecranon in the horse. Methods of treating fractures of the olecranon in the horse are reviewed. A further 4 cases are recorded in which the fracture was treated by open reduction and fixation with a heavy duty Venable's plate placed on the caudal aspect of the ulna. Three cases had an oblique fracture through the semilunar notch; this was complicated in one by a fracture of the lateral half of the radial head which resulted in subluxation of the radio-humeral joint. The fracture of the radial head was treated by open reduction and fixation with a lag screw. The fourth case had an oblique fracture of the olecranon j...
Termination of pseudopregnancy by administration of prostaglandin F2alpha and termination of early pregnancy by administration of prostaglandin F2alpha or colchicine or by removal of embryo in mares. At day 24 of gestation, pregnant mares were allotted to 1 of 5 treatment groups (3 to 5 mares/group): group A--nontreated controls; group B--intraembryonic injection of 4 mg of colchicine on day 24; group C--removal of embryo on day 24; group D--subcutaneous injection of 1.25 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on day 32; and group E--removal of embryo on day 24 and subcutaneous injection of PGF2alpha on day 32. In all mares treated with colchicine (group B), the fetal bulge was absent within 2 days. The interval from injection of colchicine to onset of estrus was very short (mean, 4 days)...
Glucose utilization and recycling in ponies. Variables of glucose metabolism determined by the use of [U-14C]glucose were compared in fed and fasted ponies. Relative recycling of glucose carbon with respect to tritium in fed animals was negligible for 6-T and 3-T and 16% for 2-T studies; in fasted animals relative recycling was 12 and 14% for 6-T and 3-T studies, respectively. Minimal mass of total-body glucose decreased significantly in the fasted ponies. Based on relative recycling of carbon to tritium, a negligible fraction of plasma glucose was produced via the Cori cycle or from glycerol in fed ponies; recycled tricarbon units contr...
