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Topic:Clinical Symptoms
Clinical symptoms in horses encompass a range of observable signs that may indicate underlying health issues, such as disease, injury, or physiological stress. These symptoms can vary widely depending on the condition and may include changes in behavior, appetite, respiratory patterns, or physical appearance. Common clinical symptoms in horses include lameness, colic, coughing, nasal discharge, and changes in body temperature or heart rate. Identifying and interpreting these symptoms is an essential aspect of equine veterinary practice, as they provide critical information for diagnosis and management of health conditions. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the identification, assessment, and implications of clinical symptoms in equine health management.
Bicipital bursitis in a mare. A case of bicipital bursitis in a six-year-old mare is described. The horse was presented with acute lameness, pyrexia and hot swelling over the right shoulder region. Although antibiotic treatment relieved these signs, a firm cold swelling remained which had to be removed by surgical resection and drainage.
Equine pelvic flexure impaction. A model used to evaluate motor events and compare drug response. Pelvic flexure fistulas (2.5 cm diameter) were established in eight 160 kg Shetland X ponies. Impaction was induced at the pelvic flexure 25 times in the 8 animals through partial obstruction by a 1 litre rubber rebreathing bag fixed at the fistula site. Blood flow probes were implanted on the dorsal and ventral colic arteries (right colic artery and colic branch of ileocolic artery) in two of the ponies. Intraluminal pressure changes were measured at 8 different locations in the large colon during episodes of colic and following administration of flunixin or xylazine. Episodes of colic charac...
Nocardia brasiliensis in a horse with pneumonia and pleuritis. A 15 month-old Quarter Horse colt developed severe bacterial pneumonia and effusive pleuritis. A beta-hemolytic streptococcus was isolated from a tracheal wash specimen but the colt died despite conventional therapy. The gross post mortem and histologic lesions were characteristic of pulmonary nocardiosis. Nocardia brasiliensis was isolated from the lung and bronchial lymph node.
Volvulus of the large colon in the horse. Volvulus of the large colon was diagnosed at surgery in 25 horses during a 4-year period. Two horses had a recurrence of the condition after successful correction. Mucosal necrosis was found to be a grave prognostic sign, as it was a consistent finding in horses that died at the time of surgery. Long-term colon dysfunction was not clinically evident in surviving horses.
Chemical restraint in the horse. Drugs and drug combinations currently in use for chemical restraint of the horse are discussed with a view to establishing their likely usefulness to the practising veterinary surgeon. Acepromazine maleate and xylazine hydrochloride are considered to be the most useful tranquillisers in spite of their limitations. A xylazine-methadone sequence is described for more profound chemical restraint and the possible future role of ketamine and glyceryl guaiacolate in combination with other agents to produce recumbency is discussed.
Intravenous anaesthesia in horses after xylazine premedication. The effects of combining large doses of xylazine (1.1 mg per kg intravenously) with ketamine, methohexitone and thiopentone were studied in four experimental ponies. Onset of anaesthesia was more delayed after ketamine than after the barbiturates. Assessment of smoothness of induction and recovery indicated that all three combinations were effective and acceptable. Injection of xylazine was followed by atrioventricular (A-V) block which could be prevented by the prior administration of atropine. Blood pressure was well maintained with all three combinations of drugs. Arterial oxygen tension de...
Moldy sweetclover poisoning in a horse. A six year old Percheron mare was presented with a history of spontaneous unilateral epistaxis of 24 hours duration. The blood one stage prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were markedly prolonged. A diagnosis of moldy sweetclover poisoning was made on the basis of the history and clinical and laboratory findings. A single whole blood transfusion and four daily intravenous injections of vitamin K(3) proved to be a successful treatment.
An epidemic of Getah virus infection among racehorses: isolation of the virus. During the autumn of 1978 a disease characterised by fever and occasionally by exanthema and/or oedema of the limbs was seen in approximately 13 per cent of horses in a training stable in the Kanto district of Japan. A virus was isolated by the intracerebral inoculation of one-day-old mice from blood and nasal swabs taken from naturally and experimentally infected horses. The virus was subsequently passaged in two monkey kidney cell lines in which it produced complete cytopathic changes. Infected horses developed neutralising, complement fixing and haemagglutinin inhibiting antibodies to the v...
Critical tests of new benzothiazole anthelmintic tioxidazole in the horse. The basic-dose confirmation tests of tioxidazole for removal of susceptible populations of gastrointestinal parasites of the horse were made in 10 naturally infected horses, using the critical test method (experiment A). A single dose of toxidazole, given at the rate of 11 mg/kg of body weight, was administered to 5 horses by stomach tube and to 5 horses by mixing the drug with the daily grain ration. In the 5 horses given the drug by stomach tube, aggregate average removals were 90% or more for 5 horses infected with Stronglyus vulgaris, 5 infected with S edentatus, 5 infected with small stro...
Equestrian cold panniculitis in women. We describe four patients with panniculitis attributable to a combination of cold exposure and equestrian activities. All were young, healthy women who rode horses for at least two consecutive hours per day throughout the winter. Initially, several small, erythematosus, pruritic papules appeared on the superior-lateral portions of one or both thighs. During one week, the lesions progressed to indurated, red-to-violaceous,tender plaques and nodules. Studies for cryofibrinogens and cryoglobulins were negative. The histologic picture was that of a panniculitis with prominent inflammation of veins...
Traumatic balanoposthitis in a yearling Appaloosa colt. A case of balanoposthitis involving injury to a yearling colt's penis and prepuce is described. Details are given of the Vennerhalm or reefing operation which was used to relieve the penile prolapse and paraphimosis accompanying the condition.
Pyloric stenosis in a foal. A two month old Thoroughbred filly was presented with signs of depression, grinding of the teeth, frothing of the mouth and abdominal pain. These signs had persisted for two weeks despite treatment with mineral oil, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, meperidine and antibiotics. A variety of diagnostic tests were done, the only abnormal finding was a stress leukon. On exploratory laparotomy the stomach was dilated with fluid and gas and the pyloric canal was constricted. Pyloroplasty resulted in correction of the condition. The etiological possibilities are discussed. This is believed to be the fir...
