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Topic:Diagnosis
Diagnosis in horses involves the systematic identification of diseases and conditions affecting equine health. This process relies on a combination of clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, imaging techniques, and other diagnostic tools to assess the health status of horses. Veterinarians utilize these methods to identify symptoms, determine the underlying causes of health issues, and formulate appropriate treatment plans. Diagnostic procedures in equine medicine can include blood tests, ultrasound, radiography, endoscopy, and more specialized tests such as genetic screening or advanced imaging modalities like MRI and CT scans. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various diagnostic techniques, their applications, and advancements in the field of equine veterinary medicine.
Cloning and characterization of an equine cutaneous papillomavirus. Equine papillomaviruses (EqPV) from naturally occurring cases of cutaneous papillomatosis in several ponies and one horse were isolated, cloned, and characterized. Group specific papillomavirus structural antigens were detected in sections of the papillomas by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, and virions were observed in the in the nuclei of cells in the stratum granulosum and corneum. Negatively stained virions purified from papilloma homogenates by isopycnic CsCl centrifugation were 55 nm in diameter and had typical papillomavirus morphology. The entire viral genomes of two separate ...
Equine ehrlichial colitis (Potomac horse fever): recognition of the disease in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Idaho, and Connecticut. Equine ehrlichial colitis (Potomac horse fever), a newly identified colitis of the horse, was first recognized in Maryland. In this report, we document occurrence of the disease in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Idaho, and Connecticut. Enzootic areas were recognized by a characteristic pattern. Frequently there was a seasonal pattern and high prevalence of sporadic colitis in unstressed horses. The attack rate per farm generally was low. Horses on pasture, as well as those stabled, were affected. Clinical signs varied from fever and depression to severe diarrhea and laminitis. Occas...
Nosocomial infections and bacterial antibiotic resistance in a university equine hospital. A base-line study of bacteria isolated from horses admitted to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital during a 6-month period was performed to determine the extent of multiresistant nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative aerobic bacteria other than Salmonella spp. Results of this study indicated that 21.9% of the 105 horses from which cultures and sensitivities were available had developed nosocomial gram-negative aerobic infections, with high rates of resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, and trimethoprim sulfadiazine, three of the most often prescribed antibiotics in this hospital. I...
Bilateral renal hypoplasia in four young horses. Three horses less than or equal to 3 years old were evaluated because of stunted growth, weight loss, anorexia, depression, and lethargy of at least 1 month's duration. A neonatal foal was examined after its death. In each case, gross and microscopic renal lesions were compatible with bilateral renal hypoplasia (ie, cortical hypoplasia with severe medullary hypoplasia). In young horses with renal failure, bilateral renal hypoplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis, and may represent a congenital lesion.
Ocular angiosarcoma in four horses. In 4 horses with ocular angiosarcomas, the common characteristics were that all horses were aged, and the neoplasms developed initially on conjunctival surfaces, grew slowly, and metastasized despite excision and radiation treatment. Histopathologically, the neoplasms were of 2 types: a capillary pattern of scant stroma and endothelial-lined vascular channels, and a solid pattern composed of sheets of pleomorphic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and poorly defined cytoplasmic borders. Definitive diagnosis was made by use of factor VIII:RAg, which stained the tissues intensely.
Generalized steatitis associated with selenium deficiency and normal vitamin E status in a foal. A 7-month-old male Quarter Horse was examined because of severe cachexia, which had begun 2 months earlier. The foal was emaciated and weak despite an excellent appetite. Percutaneous biopsy revealed multiple areas of subcutaneous steatitis with mineralization. Radiography demonstrated calcification of the nuchal ligament. The foal died 9 days after admission. Necropsy revealed mineralized lesions throughout the fascial planes and adipose tissues of the thorax, abdomen, and skeletal muscles, with little to no involvement of muscular tissue. Serum magnesium, copper, and thyroxine concentrations...
Surgical management of intussusception in the horse. During a 14 year period, 27 of 310 horses undergoing laparotomy because of abdominal pain were found to have an intussusception involving the small intestine (16 cases) or caecum (11 cases). The clinical signs, operative findings and techniques adopted to overcome the obstruction are described. An evaluation of possible predisposing factors provided further evidence of the important role of the tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata in initiating intussusception involving the ileum and caecum.
Surgical repair of a partial gastric rupture in a horse. RUPTURE of the stomach is a common complication of
gastric impaction and intestinal reflux or of gastric distention.
After rupture, the general condition of the horse deteriorates
and death follows within a few hours (Tennant, Wheat and
Meagher 1972; McIlwraith 1982).
Dietz and Wiesner (1982) state that partial rupture of the
stomach may result in severe blood loss with circulatory
collapse. In this report a partial rupture of the stomach was
surgically repaired during exploratory laparotomy.
Colic in two horses associated with smooth muscle intestinal tumours. The research article discusses a rare case of colic in two horses, which was attributed to the existence of smooth muscle intestinal tumors. Introduction The article begins by explaining that [...]
Barium swallow as an aid to the diagnosis of grass sickness. Twenty-five horses, suspected on clinical grounds of having grass sickness, were given a barium swallow. Using image intensification the passage of the barium bolus was followed radiographically from the pharynx to the stomach. All 18 horses in which grass sickness was later confirmed at post mortem examination showed defective oesophageal motility. Although the specificity of the abnormality could not be proven, the technique offers a valuable aid to the ante mortem diagnosis of grass sickness.
Diagnosis of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (Potomac horse fever) by indirect immunofluorescence. The recent establishment of a system for the continuous in vitro propagation of Ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (EME; synonym, Potomac horse fever), has facilitated the development of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of this disease under laboratory and field conditions. The field diagnostic application of the test has aided in the recognition of the disease in 16 states of the United States and in 1 province of Canada. A limited epidemiologic study conducted between January and September 1985, in an area where the disease is know...
Faecal composition in foal heat diarrhoea. Developmental changes of the gastrointestinal tract were probably responsible for the changes in faecal composition during the first week of the foals' life, which resembled small intestinal ingesta of adult horses, suggesting a minimal colonic modification. Faecal composition at the time of foal heat diarrhoea was suggestive of a secretory-type diarrhoea, in that the electrolyte concentration accounted for most of faecal osmolality and the faecal pH was alkaline. After foal heat diarrhoea faecal composition slowly approached that of adult horses. These data suggest that foal heat diarrhoea is...
Gastric rupture in horses: a review of 54 cases. The historical, clinical, laboratory, surgical and necropsy findings in 54 cases of gastric rupture in horses are described. Eleven per cent of the deaths of horses undergoing exploratory coeliotomy for colic during the period of the study were a result of gastric rupture. Comparison with all horses which had exploratory coeliotomies for colic over an eight year period did not show that horses with gastric rupture were different from these reference horses regarding age, breed or season. There were fewer stallions than expected in the gastric rupture group. Horses with histories of both acute ...
Serum and urinary biochemistry and enzyme changes in ponies with acute renal failure. Serum and urinary biochemical changes were recorded in 5 ponies in which acute tubular nephrosis had been induced over 5 days with mercuric chloride and potassium dichromate. Serum osmolality, the serum concentrations of urea nitrogen, creatinine, sodium, potassium and chloride, and blood pH and blood gases were measured daily for 14 days or until humane euthanasia was performed. Levels of the same substances were quantitated daily in urine. In addition, routine urinalyses and determination of urinary gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity were performed on each sample. Changes in the value...
Hypercalcemia associated with malignancy in a horse. Hypercalcemia associated with malignancy was diagnosed in a 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly admitted because of weight loss and reduced exercise tolerance of approximately 2 months' duration. Laboratory findings included hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, anemia, marked neutrophilia with lymphopenia and eosinopenia, and normal immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentration. At necropsy, a 53.6-kg tumor was located in the cranioventral aspect of the abdominal cavity. Gross renal lesions were not noticed. Bone tissue appeared to be normal on gross and histologic examinations. The parathyroid gland...
