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Topic:Diagnosis
Diagnosis in horses involves the systematic identification of diseases and conditions affecting equine health. This process relies on a combination of clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, imaging techniques, and other diagnostic tools to assess the health status of horses. Veterinarians utilize these methods to identify symptoms, determine the underlying causes of health issues, and formulate appropriate treatment plans. Diagnostic procedures in equine medicine can include blood tests, ultrasound, radiography, endoscopy, and more specialized tests such as genetic screening or advanced imaging modalities like MRI and CT scans. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various diagnostic techniques, their applications, and advancements in the field of equine veterinary medicine.
Coprophilous fungi of the horse. A total of 1267 microfungi, including 35 Myxomycetes, were recorded from the fecal samples of the 60 horses; of these 395 were found on 20 saddle-horse feces, 363 on 20 race-horses and 509 on 20 working horses. Eighty two species representing 53 genera were recorded; of these 7 were Zygomycetes, 18 Ascomycetes, 1 Basidiomycetes and 25 Fungi Imperfecti: 2 Myxomycetes. Common coprophilous fungi are in decreasing order Pilobolus kleinii, Saccobolus depauperatus, Mucor hiemalis, Lasiobolus ciliatus, Podospora curvula, Petriella guttulata, M. circinelloides, Coprinus radiatus, Dictyostelium mucoroi...
Congenital musculosketal lesions and hyperplastic goitre in foals. Seven foals with multiple congenital musculoskeletal abnormalities are described. Rupture of common digital extensor tendons, forelimb contracture, and mandibular prognathism were common findings. Severe hyperplastic goitre was consistently present.
Surgical technique and considerations for implantation of electromagnetic blood flow transducer and occluder onto the coronary arteries. A technique was developed for the implantation of an electromagnetic flow probe and vascular occluder onto the right and left coronary arteries in the calf and pony. Surgical manipulation was well tolerated in the animals. The subcutaneous housing on the peripheral ends of these devices of the lateral thoracic wall served as a maintenance-free technique for chronic exteriorization of these devices. Implantation onto the coronary arteries required a surgical technique which accomplished the prerequisites for proper flow probe function. A reactive hyperemic response was elicited in each animal b...
Equine colitis “X”, still an enigma? Colitis "X" is a sporadic diarrheal disease of horses with clinical signs of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and "shock"-like features. Macroscopic and microscopic findings include signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation, necrosis of colonic mucosa and presence of large numbers of bacteria in the devitalized parts of the intestine. Recently published work suggests that the causative agent may be Clostridium perfringens, Type A, but the bacteria are recoverable only in the preliminary stages of the disease. Excess protein and lack of cellulose content in the diet is thought to be th...
Epidemiology of Strongylus vulgaris infection of the horse in Morocco. Between August 1978 and July 1979 the anterior mesenteric artery and its branches were collected regularly from adult horses and examined for Strongylus vulgaris larvae. The incidence of infection varied from 55 to 100% (annual mean 80%). The mean monthly number of larvae ranged form 3 to 22 with an annual overall mean of 13. The arterial infection was at its minimum in December to January, rose gradually to attain the peak in June and declined thereafter. These observations indicated that S. vulgaris is an annual species in Morocco, infection occurring during the rainy season (November-April)...
A simple treatment for “rye-grass staggers”? Sir,—A series of happy coincidences (serendipity?) has led us to a simple treatment which seems to have successfully alleviated symptoms of “rye-grass staggers” in a horse, a calf and two badly affected sheep. Although primarily engaged in a search for the causative agent(s) of rye-grass staggers, casual conversations with people having long experience of this disorder revealed many interesting observations. One of these was a racing-stable remedy for rye-grass staggers, which was the administration of “a couple of handfulls” of Epsom salts in a bran mash, with as much puha (Sonchus ...
Klossiella equi in the kidneys of a horse. The protozoan, Klossiella equi was found in the kidneys of an aged Shetland mare raised in the Fredericton area of New Brunswick. This is the first published report of K. equi in a horse in Canada. The microscopic appearance of the parasite in the kidney is described. A brief discussion of other conditions seen in the horse is also presented.
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis: a report of two cases from Western Canada. Two cases of nonsuppurative myeloencephalitis are reported which clinically and pathologically resemble equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Lesions in both horses were associated with Toxoplasma-like organisms visible in microscopic sections. Clinical signs and lesions in one case primarily involved the brain and in the other case principally involved the spinal cord and associated meninges. Positive identification of the organisms was not achieved; however, the etiological agent is unlikely to be a species of Toxoplasma. Recently published studies suggest a species of Sarcocystis is involved....
Chronic granulocytic leukemia in a horse. A nine year old quarter horse exhibited progressive weight loss and inappetance over a 47 day period. There was clinical evidence of pleuritis and pneumonia substantiated by leukocytosis and elevated protein in pleural fluid. Over the entire period the horse was neutropenic and had circulating abnormal immature granulocytes and low numbers of blast cells. Anemia and thrombocytopenia progressively worsened. Bone marrow examination revealed very few mature granulocytes but large numbers of immature cells of the granulocytic series and marked megaloblastic transformation of erythroid cells. These...
Origin an importance of increased alkaline phosphatase activity in peritoneal fluids of horses with colic. The origin of increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with clinical signs of abdominal pain was investigated to determine the usefulness of measuring ALP in PF in the diagnosis of small intestinal injury. The ALP isoenzymes in PF from 10 clinically normal horses and from 50 horses with clinical signs of acute abdominal pain were analyzed for their sensitivities to inhibition by L-phenylalanine, L-homoarginine, and levamisole and to inactivation by heat (56 C, 15 minutes). The enzymes also were discriminated by their patterns of migration during polyacry...
Acid-base and electrolyte alterations associated with salivary loss in the pony. Esophageal fistulas were made in 6 ponies to evaluate whole blood acid-base values and serum and salivary electrolyte alterations associated with salivary depletion. Acid-base and electrolyte values remained within normal ranges for 15 days in 3 control ponies fed a pelleted diet through nasogastric tubes. In 6 ponies with esophageal fistulas that were fed the same diet through esophagostomy tubes, hypochloremia and hyponatremia developed during the same period. Serum K concentrations were only marginally depleted, probably because of dietary replacement. Salivary depletion resulted in transie...
Equine cervical esophagostomy: complications associated with duration and location of feeding tubes. Cervical esophagostomy for tube feeding was evaluated in 11 ponies. Minor complications responded to supportive therapy in 8 ponies. Two died of complications, and 1 pony had a permanent fistula because of persistent infection. There was a positive correlation between the duration of tube feeding and the event of closure of the esophageal stoma after the tube was removed. There was no difference in the frequency of complications related to duration of tube feeding. When the distal end of the feeding tube was located in the thoracic portion of the esophagus, instead of in the stomach, tubes wer...
