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Topic:Disease Diagnosis
Disease diagnosis in horses involves the identification and characterization of illnesses through various diagnostic methods and tools. This process is essential for effective veterinary care and management of equine health. Techniques used in diagnosing diseases in horses include clinical examinations, laboratory tests, imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and radiography, and molecular diagnostics. Blood tests are frequently utilized to assess parameters such as complete blood count and biochemical profiles, which can indicate underlying health issues. Additionally, advancements in genetic testing and biomarker identification have enhanced the ability to detect specific diseases early. This page aggregates peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore diagnostic methodologies, their applications, and their impact on equine health management.
Current status of the diagnosis and control of African horse sickness. African horse sickness (AHS) is an infectious, non-contagious, highly fatal viral disease of Equidae, transmitted by arthropod vectors of the genus Culicoides, and endemic in Africa south and east of the Sahara. The disease is caused by a virus of the Reoviridae family, genus Orbivirus, and 9 serotypes have been recognized. Recent outbreaks of AHS in the Iberian peninsula and Northern Africa emphasize the need for accurate diagnosis and rapid implementation of control measures. In this paper, the epizootiological factors, clinical signs and necropsy findings of AHS are discussed, and an update...
Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts in the livers of two horses. No abstract available
Vertebral angiosarcoma in a horse. No abstract available
Serum concentrations of ormetoprim/sulphadimethoxine in 1-3-day-old foals after a single dose of oral paste combination. Ormetoprim (OMP)/sulphadimethoxine (SDM) combinations
have been used in the treatment of fowl cholera, colibacillosis,
salmonellosis, infectious coryza, and other bacterial infections in
poultry (Mitrovic et al. 1969; Maestrone et al. 1979). The drug
combination has also been used in the treatment of colibacillosis
in neonatal pigs (Brandt and Maestrone 1980) and Pasteurella
pneumonia in cattle (Ames et al. 1987). Serum concentrations and
pharmacokinetics of SDM (Oh-Ishi and Nakajima 1964; Durr et
al. 1980) and OMP/SDM (Brown et al. 1989) after intravenous or
oral administration to ad...
[Charcot and claudicatio intermittens – a footnote to the history of vascular surgery]. Jean Martin Charcot was the first to give a detailed description of intermittent claudication, and a correct interpretation of the mechanism behind the symptoms. He borrowed the name of the syndrome from the veterinarian literature, where it had been described to occur in horses, and caused by inflammatory changes in aorta at the origin of the large vessels to the extremities. The case presented by Charcot was a man with a traumatic pseudoaneurysm in his common iliac artery. He had in addition an arterio-enteric fistula, a condition which probably had not been described before.
A review of techniques for the serologic diagnosis of equine infectious anemia. No abstract available
[Biological and parasitic variations in horses infested and reinfested by Trichinella spiralis]. Seven mares were infected with 20,000 Trichinella spiralis larvae; 2 of them were reinfected 22 wk later with the same amount of larvae. The course of infection in horses was assessed by serology (ELISA), biochemistry (aldolase activity), parasitology and histopathology. In each animal, infection was followed by a significant rise in specific antibody titers culminating at 5-10 wk post-infection (pi) and decreasing thereafter. Reinfection was followed by a slight rise in antibody levels. Aldolase activity increased during the first infection, but was not modified by reinfection. The parasite b...
Clostridium difficile associated with typhlocolitis in an adult horse. No abstract available
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis: antigen analysis of cultured Sarcocystis neurona merozoites. Antigens of cultured Sarcocystis neurona merozoites were examined using immunoblot analysis. Blotted proteins were probed with S. cruzi, S. muris, and S. neurona antisera produced in rabbits, S. fayeri (pre- and post-infection) and S. neurona (pre- and post-inoculation) sera produced in horses, immune sera from 7 histologically confirmed cases of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), and pre-suckle serum from a newborn foal. Eight proteins, 70, 24, 23.5, 22.5, 13, 11, 10.5, and 10 Kd, were detected only by S. neurona antiserum and/or immune serum from EPM-affected horses. Equine sera were ...
Technique for long-term right dorsal colon fistulization in ponies. Right dorsal colon fistulas, 2.5 cm in diameter, were created in 2 healthy ponies, using a 2-stage surgical procedure. The first stage consisted of resection of portions of the 16th and 17th ribs on the right side, followed by surgical creation of a 6- to 8-cm-diameter adhesion between the right dorsal colon and the body wall. Fistulas were created approximately 2 weeks after the first surgery by sharp dissection through the adhesion into the lumen of the colon. The fistulas have been satisfactorily maintained for > 2 years by de Pezzer catheters (45 F). Ponies with fistulas have been used ...
Jejunal intussusception in adult horses: 11 cases (1981-1991). Medical records of 11 adult horses with jejunal intussusception examined at 5 veterinary teaching hospitals between 1981 and 1991 were reviewed. Nine of 11 horses had signs of acute abdominal discomfort for < 24 hours, whereas 2 horses had a history of chronic signs. Five of 11 horses had an intraluminal or intramural mass associated with the jejunal intussusception. Two horses died or were euthanatized prior to surgery. Partial jejunal resection and jejunojejunal anastomosis were performed in 9 horses. One horse died during surgery and 2 were euthanatized prior to hospital discharge because o...
Infiltrative lipoma in a quarter horse. A case of infiltrative lipoma in the left flank of a yearling Quarter Horse is described. Rectal palpation, percutaneous ultrasonographic examination, the marbled appearance and poor delineation from surrounding tissues strongly suggested an infiltrative lipoma. This was confirmed by histological examination. Infiltrative lipomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of soft masses located in equine muscle.
A comparison of ELISA, FAST-ELISA and gel diffusion tests for detecting antibody to equine infectious anaemia virus. Sera of sixteen horses with clinical signs of EIA from six different outbreaks and sera of 100 uninfected horses were used to validate an ELISA for EIA diagnosis. The antigen used was a recombinant protein derived from the amino-terminal portion of the transmembrane envelope protein of EIA (gp45). Reactivity between positive and negative sera could be clearly distinguished. Comparison with the traditional agar gel immunodiffusion test (commonly called the Coggins test) showed that the ELISA was superior in sensitivity. Comparison of this ELISA with the FAST-ELISA system showed that the latter ...
A retrospective evaluation of laminitis in horses. Case records of 202 horses treated for laminitis were reviewed with the intent of determining the long-term outcome and correlating this with digital radiographic findings and with the degree of pain associated with the laminitis. At long-term follow-up 57 horses had returned to athletic soundness (Group 1), 20 horses were intermittently lame (Group 2), 19 horses had permanent severe lameness (Group 3), 97 were dead (Group 4), and 9 were lost to follow up. Using simple regression analysis, functional outcome did not correlate with the degree of rotation (R2 = 0.004) or the presence of distal d...
Poliomyelomalacia and ganglioneuritis in a horse with paralytic rabies. No abstract available
Epizootic of equine influenza in 1969 in Poland. Epidemiological observations on the course and spread of equine influenza in Poland during the 1969 epizootic were carried out. The dynamics of the spread of the disease in the country are shown graphically by voivodship. The disease incidence and mortality rates for the entire country are also shown. The highest incidence of disease and mortality rates were found to be in November 1969. A/equi-2/Warsaw/69 was identified as the causal virus. It caused the largest epizootic in the country since 1954.
A method for loading equine platelets with the fluorescent calcium indicator Fura-2: ADP induces a rise in the cytosolic free calcium ion concentration. Equine platelets in platelet-rich plasma were incubated with the fluorescent indicator dye, Fura-2-AM (Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester) and the degree of loading of the cells with the dye and the extent of hydrolysis of the ester was assessed by quantitative fluorimetry and by thin-layer chromatography respectively. Under these conditions the cells loaded poorly with Fura-2 to a concentration of 4 microM. The technique was validated by demonstrating adequate loading of human platelets with Fura-2, to a concentration of 250-300 microM, using the same method. The removal of plasma from the extracellu...
Large granular lymphocyte leukemia in a horse. Large granular lymphocytes (LGL) occur as a leukemic or aleukemic neoplasia in humans,(1) rats,(2) cats,(3,4) dogs,(5) and horses.(6) The single case of equine LGL previously reported was aleukemic.(5) In contrast to this previous report of aleukemic equine LGL neoplasia, the leukemia in the case presented here established the antemortem diagnosis of LGL.
Plasma potassium measurement with a new reagent carrier (Reflotron): comparison with ion-selective electrode results. Potassium concentrations were measured in the plasma of 336 animals with a new reagent carrier (Reflotron; Boehringer Mannheim) K+ and with an ion-specific electrode system: results were highly correlated (r = 0.991; y = 0.993 x + 0.02) and day-to-day coefficient of variation of the new reagent measurements was lower than 2.5 per cent. This system offers a good alternative to the ion-selective electrode system for plasma potassium measurement in veterinary practice.
