Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Disease Treatment
Disease treatment in horses encompasses a range of medical interventions and management strategies aimed at addressing various health conditions affecting equine species. These treatments can include pharmacological approaches, such as the administration of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiparasitic medications, as well as non-pharmacological methods like physical therapy, dietary adjustments, and surgical procedures. The selection of appropriate treatments depends on the specific disease, its severity, and the individual needs of the horse. This topic brings together peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the efficacy, safety, and advancements in therapeutic options for equine diseases, providing insights into best practices and emerging trends in equine veterinary medicine.
Surgical treatment for colic in the foal (67 cases): 1980-1992. Sixty-seven foals age 2 years following surgery, compared to 69% of foals with nonstrangulating lesions. The age of foals on admission had a significant effect on survival. Only 10% of foals less than 14 days of age survived, compared to 45.8% of foals between age 15 and 150 days.
Cross-sectional evaluation of environmental, host, and management factors associated with risk of seropositivity to Ehrlichia risticii in horses of New York state. To locate counties within New York state with a high seroprevalence among the equine population, to determine host, management, and environmental factors that were associated with seropositivity to Ehrlichia risticii, and to determine evidence for arthropod- or helminth-mediated transmission of E risticii to horses. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A random sample of 3,000 of the 39,000 equine operations in New York state was selected, and 2,587 horses from 511 operations were tested. Methods: Blood samples were collected from horses and tested for seropositivity, using the indirect fl...
Use of the dry chemistry “Reflotron” blood analyzer under outdoor-field conditions in veterinary medicine. Adapting the concept of "bed-side" patient analysis, the Boehringer-Mannheim Reflotron was evaluated for its possible use in veterinary medicine under outdoor-field conditions. Horse blood was analysed with the Cobas Bio analyzer, and indoor and outdoor analyses were also performed with the Reflotron. All values showed close agreement with no significant differences. Good correlation coefficients (r values around 0.9000) were also seen between all methods used. The Reflotron was operated under outdoor-field conditions by using, whenever available, an on-farm electricity source, or a gas operat...
Colonic luminal pressure in horses with strangulating and nonstrangulating obstruction of the large colon. Colonic luminal pressure (median, range) measured during ventral midline celiotomy in 69 horses with strangulating obstruction (SO) of the large colon (SO; > or = 270 degrees large colon volvulus; 27 cm H2O: 2 to 80 cm H2O) was greater (P = .0023) than that measured in 37 horses with nonstrangulating obstruction (NSO) of the large colon (NSO; < or = 180 degrees volvulus or a nonstrangulating displacement; 18 cm H2O; 6 to 46 cm H2O). Sixty-five percent (45 of 69) of horses with SO and all horses with NSO survived. Survival analysis was restricted to 59 horses with large-colon SO that surv...
Surgical treatment of subchondral cyst-like lesions in the tibia of an adult pony. A 13 year-old pony was evaluated because of right hind limb lameness of acute onset. Radiographs of the right tarsus obtained shortly after the onset of lameness were normal, but results of nuclear scintigraphy were abnormal. Two radiolucent subchondral cyst-like lesions of the distal part of the tibia were seen on radiographs obtained 9 months later. The lesions were surgically decompressed, and the pony was sound 1 year later. It is hypothesized that a traumatic insult created a crack or split in the articular cartilage that allowed subsequent development of the cyst-like lesions.
Fine specificity of equine infectious anaemia virus gp90-specific antibodies associated with protective and enhancing immune responses in experimentally infected and immunized ponies. Equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) provides a model for examining the natural immunological control of a persistent lentivirus infection and for evaluating the efficacy of various vaccine strategies. As an initial characterization of antibody responses associated with protective or enhancing immune responses elicited by experimental infections or vaccinations, we have utilized synthetic peptide ELISA to characterize the fine specificity of antibodies to linear determinants of the EIAV surface glycoprotein, gp90. The data indicated that serum antibodies associated with protective or enhanci...
The diagnosis and surgical correction of congenital portosystemic vascular anomalies in two calves and two foals. Two calves and two foals presented with episodic clinical signs of diffuse central nervous system disease. Portosystemic anomalies were tentatively diagnosed based on the history, clinical signs and increased serum concentrations of blood ammonia and total serum bile acids with normal concentrations of liver derived enzymes. one calf died before intraoperative contrast portography, whereas the other calf and both foals had marked clinical improvement after intensive medical therapy. Surgical correction was attempted in these three animals and was successful in one foal. A right paracostal celi...
Effects of inhalation anesthetic agents on response of horses to three hours of hypoxemia. To study the effects of inhalation anesthetic agents on the response of horses to 3 hours of hypoxemia. Methods: Controlled crossover study. Methods: Five healthy adult horses. Methods: Horses were anesthetized twice: once with halothane, and once with isoflurane in O2. Anesthetized horses were positioned in left lateral recumbency. Constant conditions for the study began at 2 hours of anesthesia. A constant agent dose of 1.2 minimum alveolar concentration, PaO2 of 50 +/- 5 mm of Hg, and PaCO2 of 45 +/- 5 mm of Hg were maintained for 3 hours. Circulatory measurements were made at 0.5, 1, 2, an...
Tissue and serum concentrations of amikacin after intramuscular and intrauterine administration to mares in estrus. Concentrations of amikacin in endometrial tissue and plasma were studied in mares in estrus after intrauterine infusion of 1.0 or 2.0 g once a day for 3 consecutive d, and after 9.7 or 14.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) had been injected intramuscularly once a day for 3 consecutive d to determine concentrations of amikacin sulfate in plasma and endometrial tissues, and whether parenteral administration provides any advantages over intramuscular infusion. No amikacin was detected in serum at the 1.0 g dose. At the infusion dose of 2.0 g once a day, very low levels of serum amikacin were detected at 1 ...
Radiographic and arthroscopic findings associated with subchondral lucency of the distal radial carpal bone in 71 horses. Case records and radiographs of 71 horses with subchondral lucency, without radiographic evidence of fracture, located on the distal radial carpal bone were examined retrospectively. All horses had lameness and/or joint effusion referable to the carpus. Distal radial carpal bone subchondral lucency was found as a solitary lesion or as a lesion concurrent and symmetric to a contralateral distal radial carpal bone chip fracture. The lesion appeared radiographically as a lucency or shadow on the distal dorsal margin of the radial carpal bone and was most evident on the flexed lateromedial and dor...
Equine piroplasmosis an update on diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Two haemoprotozoan parasites, Babesia caballi and Babesia equi, can cause equine piroplasmosis. Due to the presence of potential tick vectors in areas so far unaffected by equine babesias, import and export regulations often require the serum testing of animals for evidence of infection. Although the complement fixation test (CFT) has been recommended for detecting the presence of antibodies to Babesia spp., it has been demonstrated to have several disadvantages, including false-positive results and low sensitivity for detecting latent infections. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) m...
Antibody-mediated neutralization and binding-reversal studies on alpha-neurotoxins from Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus (coral snake) venom. An ELISA based, non-radioactive acetylcholine receptor (AchR) binding assay was used to detect the alpha-neurotoxins present in Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus venom. Sera from horses hyperimmunized against M. nigrocinctus venom contain antibodies which inhibit the binding of M. n. nigrocinctus alpha-neurotoxins to AchR and reverse the binding of toxins already complexed with the receptor. This result supports the importance of using antivenom therapeutically in M. n. nigrocinctus envenomations even after the onset of neurological symptoms. M. nigrocinctus antivenoms cross-reacted in an ELI...
Structural investigation of the complexation properties between horse spleen apoferritin and metalloporphyrins. Crystallographic studies of L-chain horse spleen apoferritin (HSF) co-crystallized with Pt-hematoporphyrin IX and Snprotoporphyrin IX have brought significant new insights into structure-function relationships in ferritins. Interactions of HSF with porphyrins are discussed. Structural results show that the nestling properties into HSF are dependent on the porphyrin moiety. (Only protoporphyrin IX significantly interacts with the protein, whereas hematoporphyrin IX does not.) These studies additionally point out the L-chain HSF ability to demetalate metalloporphyrins, a result which is of impor...
Treatment of a coxofemoral luxation secondary to upward fixation of the patella in a Shetland pony. A nine-year-old Shetland pony gelding, with a history of recurrent upward fixation of the patella, suddenly developed severe lameness in its right hindlimb. A luxation of the coxofemoral joint was diagnosed by a clinical and radiographic examination. The initial treatment of the luxation by closed reduction was not maintained, and the limb was placed in an Ehmer sling for four days after a second closed reduction. This allowed the femoral head to remain in the acetabulum, although a persistent subluxation remained, presumably owing to a rupture of the round ligament. The pony remained comforta...
[Luxation of the shoulder joint in a horse. A case report]. Etiology, diagnosis and therapy of the luxation of the shoulder joint in the horse are described. The traumatic luxation is diagnosed by physical examination and radiography. Without complicating changings (like fractures) and in case of early correction the prognosis is good.
Effects of holmium: YAG laser energy on cartilage metabolism, healing, and biochemical properties of lesional and perilesional tissue in a weight-bearing model. Comparison of perilesional cartilage, lesional repair tissue, and subchondral bone activity 6 months after application of holmium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser energy to chronic (10 week) induced 10-mm full-thickness (FT) circular articular cartilage craters followed by 6 months' intermittent active motion (IAM) in a free exercise environment was investigated. The 2.1-microns wavelength was delivered in hand-controlled near-contact mode by arthroscopic surgery in a saline medium. Bilateral arthroscopy was performed on normal antebrachiocarpal, intercarpal, and metacarpophalangeal join...
Effects of posture and accumulated airway secretions on tracheal mucociliary transport in the horse. Tracheal mucociliary clearance was determined in horses by measuring the rostrad transport of the radiopharmaceutical 99mtechnetium-sulphur colloid following deposition on the tracheal epithelium by intratracheal injection. The effects of head position (head elevated to normal standing position vs head lowered) and of accumulated purulent secretions on tracheal mucociliary clearance were evaluated for the first time in the horse. In normal horses tracheal mucociliary clearance was greatly accelerated by lowering the head so that the cranial trachea was lower than the caudal trachea. Horses con...
Lymph pathways associated with three types of follicle structure found in gut-associated lymphoid tissue of horse ileum. In the horse ileum, lacteals in the villi are continuous with prelymphatic intercellular channels and a plexus of lymphatic sinuses in the lamina propria that encircle the domes of the follicle/dome structures and proprial follicles. These sinuses may act as the major entry site for many of the lymphocytes migrating from gut-associated lymphoid tissue via the lymphatic system. Vessels from this plexus penetrate the muscularis mucosae and lymph flows into lymphatic vessels within the interfollicular tissue between the follicles of both follicle/dome structures and lymphoglandular complexes (LGC...
In vitro maturation and fertilization of equine oocytes recovered during the breeding season. The aim of this study was to develope an efficient and reproducible procedure for in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) in the horse. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered from the ovaries of mares slaughtered during the breeding season were morphologically evaluated, and those showing a compact cumulus and homogeneously appearing cytoplasm were selected for culture. Effects on the maturation of estrous mare serum (EMS) versus estrous cow serum (ECS) as medium supplement were also evaluated (Experiment 1). In Experiment 2, the fertilization of in vitro matured oocytes with froz...
Surgical treatment of navicular syndrome in the horse using navicular suspensory desmotomy. Seventeen horses diagnosed as having navicular syndrome on the basis of history, clinical findings, regional local anaesthesia and radiography were subjected to bilateral navicular suspensory desmotomy. Before surgery, the duration of navicular lameness ranged from 6 weeks to 4 years. Previous unsuccessful treatments prior to surgery included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, corrective shoeing, rest and isoxsuprine. For the seventeen horses subject to surgery, twelve horses were sound, one horse was improved and four horses were lame at a minimum of 6 months after surgery.
Obstructive pulmonary disease in 18 horses at summer pasture. The clinical features of 18 cases of summer pasture associated obstructive pulmonary disease were reviewed. The horses had signs of obstructive pulmonary disease (expiratory dyspnoea, wheezing and crackling lung sounds and coughing) during the spring, summer or autumn while they were kept permanently at grass with no access to hay or straw, for at least two consecutive years. In nine cases there was a seasonal incidence with the disease occurring during April and May. Eleven of the horses were affected by bouts of severe dyspnoea. Eleven of the horses also suffered from chronic obstructive pul...
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in horses in Louisiana. To evaluate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of horses in Louisiana by assessing the signalment, history, environmental factors, clinical signs, and treatment of such horses. Methods: Epidemiologic mail survey. Methods: 83 of 240 veterinarians contacted by mail agreed to take part in the survey. Veterinarians contacted were listed as mixed-animal or equine practitioners in the 1991/1992 directory of the Louisiana Veterinary Medical Association or had submitted a specimen from a horse to the Louisiana Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory within the past 2 years. Methods: The survey con...
