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Topic:Equine Science
Equine Science encompasses the study of horses and their management, health, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines such as biology, genetics, nutrition, physiology, and veterinary medicine to understand and improve the well-being and capabilities of horses. Areas of focus include equine anatomy, reproduction, behavior, and disease prevention. Research in equine science aims to enhance horse care, optimize training and performance, and address health challenges. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine science, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in the field.
Behavior patterns and communication in feral horses. The social behavior of feral horses was studied in the western United States. Stable harem groups with a dominant stallion and bachelor hermaphrodite hermaphrodite groups occupied overlapping home ranges. Groups spacing, but not territoriality, was expressed. Harem group, stability resulted from strong dominance by dominant stallions, and fidelity of group members. Eliminations of group members were usually marked by urine of the dominant stallion. Hermaphrodite-hermaphrodite aggression involved spacing between harems and dominance in bachelor groups. Marking with feces was important in hermap...
Equine artificial insemination. The use and techniques of artificial insemination for horses in Germany over the last 30 years is described. Artificial insemination appears to produce pregnancy percentages equal to those from normal breeding methods and its continued availability under veterinary supervision is recommended in conditions where disease, disability or distance debar normal service.
Equine artificial insemination. The use and techniques of artificial insemination for horses in Germany over the last 30 years is described. Artificial insemination appears to produce pregnancy percentages equal to those from normal breeding methods and its continued availability under veterinary supervision is recommended in conditions where disease, disability or distance debar normal service.
Lamellar corneal transplantation in the horse. Surgical correction of corneal opacities in horses has rarely been documented in detail and is still reported to be in the experimental stage. For this reason, studies of lamellar keratoplasty were conducted on the equine eye using a modified trephine with an adjustable inside quard for grafting of identical discs from the donor and the recipient cornea. Fourteen transplantations, seven with homografts and seven with heterografts, 15 and 9 mm in diameter, were performed. Sharp-edged, vertical, and regular outlined wound margins of the graft and host are essential for good adaptation and healin...
Growth rate in thoroughbred yearlings and two year olds. One hundred and four animals aged 13-18 months were measured at monthly or two monthly intervals, as were comparable numbers of animals 19-36 months old. Height, girth and circumference of the cannon bone below the knee were recorded, measurements for colts and fillies are shown separately. The average height at 18 months was 148 cm (15.01/2 h.h.) and at 36 months 156 cm (15.31/2 h.h.).
Rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch: a case report. A horse with rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch was found to have a bilaterally symmetrical deformity of the laryngeal area. Both left and right cricopharyngeal muscles were absent. The shape of the thyroid cartilage was grossly abnormal and vestiges of the cricothyroid muscles were attached only to the cricoid cartilage. It was suggested that such an anomaly could have resulted from aberrant development of the fourth branchial arch.
A further study of the inheritance of racing performance in thoroughbred horses. In an analysis of handicap ratings of 1158 3-year-old thoroughbred racehorses, estimates were obtained for the effects of sex differences, the correlation between mates, the effectiveness of selection in males and females, and the heritability of racing performance. The results agreed closely with those of a previous study, and indicated a heritability of about 0.35 to 0.40, some assortative mating, and highly effective selection for performance.
Separation of mononuclear leukocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from equine blood. The present study describes a two step technique for the separation of mononuclear leukocytes or mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from whole equine blood. First, the leukocyte rich plasma was obtained by sedimentation of erythrocytes in the undiluted blood. Subsequently, separation of the different populations of white blood cells was performed by centrifugation with different gradients overlaid with the leukocyte rich plasma. The optimal separation of the mononuclear cells was obtained by the centrifugation of the leukocyte rich plasma overlaying the gradient containing 24 parts o...
Crystalline 3-phospho-d-glycerate kinase from horse muscle. Phosphoglycerate kinase has been isolated in crystalline form from horse muscle. A convenient isolation procedure is described that yields homogeneous enzyme of specific activity 700 units/mg (30 degrees C). The enzyme is monomeric, and has a molecular weight 47 000. Of the eight cysteine residues in the protein, two react rapidly with Nbs21 with the concomitant loss of the catalytic activity. Since the isolation of phosphoglycerate kinase from yeast (Bücher, 1955) there have been several reports of purification methods yielding enzyme approaching molecular homogeneity, from rabbit muscle (Be...
Detection of immunologically active zones in equine growth hormone. Peptide fragments, obtained from equine growth hormone by cyanogen bromide cleavage and further chemical treatment, were isolated and identified. Their immunological reactivities were tested by hemagglutination and complement fixation methods using rabbit antisera against native hormone. Antigenic determinants were detected in the fragments comprising amino acid sequences 5-72 and 73-123, this last one being predominant. Fragment 124-178 had very low reactivity. Nitration of peptide 73-123 did not modify its immunological properties,but oxidation diminished them. Comparison of the antigenicity...
Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows. Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations.
Estimation of cardiac output in the horse by thermodilution techniques. An evaluation and comparison of thermodilution technique with dye dilution technique was made in the computation of cardiac output in 39 conscious adult horses (av body wt, 450 kg). Estimation of cardiac output by thermodilution was found to compare favorably with values obtained from dye dilution when a volume of 30 to 40 ml at a temperature of 0 C was used. Difficulties in obtaining accurate thermodilution curves in the horse seem predominantly associated with errors in mixing and observation.
