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Topic:Equine Science
Equine Science encompasses the study of horses and their management, health, and performance. This field integrates various scientific disciplines such as biology, genetics, nutrition, physiology, and veterinary medicine to understand and improve the well-being and capabilities of horses. Areas of focus include equine anatomy, reproduction, behavior, and disease prevention. Research in equine science aims to enhance horse care, optimize training and performance, and address health challenges. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse aspects of equine science, providing insights into the latest advancements and methodologies in the field.
Free, autologous, skin transplantation in the horse. Seven pieces of autologous skin were transplanted onto freshly created, full thickness skin defects on the limbs and back of a one-year-old, male, piebald, Shetland pony. The transplantations were completed in two operative sessions, the transplants on the left side were done in the first session and the right side in the second. The sizes of the transplants varied from 20 sq cm to 2 sq cm and their thicknesses from whole skin to very thin, split skin. Donor sites were both rumps and the right side of the neck. Six of the seven grafts and two thirds of the remaining graft, were accepted. Both ...
Fiber types and size in equine skeletal muscle. Frozen sections of equine musculus semitendinosus were examined for myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), using standard histochemical procedures, and the proportions of the various fiber types and average fiber sectional size were determined. With ATPase staining, approximately 70% of the fibers were classified as alpha fibers (ATPase positive), and 30%, as beta fibers (ATPase negative). In addition, 2 populations of alpha fibers could be readily distinguished on the basis of the intensity of the ATPase reaction...
Effects of crude extracts of various plants on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-plaque production. Extracts of 28 plants were tested without demonstable antiviral activity in an agar-overlay plaque-reduction antiviral assay system, using infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine endocardial cell cultures. Ethanolic extract of Narcissus tazetta L bulb elicited antiviral activity by inhibition of viral plaque formation. Antiviral activity was demonstrated against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and equine rhinopneumonitis viruses. Narcissus tazetta L bulb did not directly inactivate the virus extracellularly. The extract exhibited only limited toxicity to rapidly multiplying bovine...
Ultrastructural observations on Ehrlichia equi organisms in equine granulocytes. The ultrastructure of the etiological agent of equine ehrlichiosis, Ehrlichia equi, was studied in equine peripheral leukocytes. The organisms occurred within membrane-lined cytoplasmic vacuoles of neutrophils and eosinophils. Ovoid, round, and rod-shaped profiles were observed. From 1 to 33 organisms were present in a thin-section profile of a cytoplasmic vacuole. Many cells contained multiple organism-containing vacuoles. The organisms had a cell wall and plasma membrane, and internally they consisted of electron-dense and lucid areas. A great variation in size was observed. The morphologica...
Ligand binding properties of horse hemoglobins containing deutero- and mesoheme. The reactions of horse globin reconstituted with proto-, deutero-, and mesoheme have been examined by equilibrium and kinetic methods. In virtually all reactions studied, mesohemoglobin displays the more extreme functional behavior, whereas deuterohemoglobin exhibits behavior which is either very similar to native hemoglobin or intermediate between the two. Our kinetic and equilibrium results indicate that the primary effect of heme modification on the functional properties of hemoglobin is to alter the intrinsic reactivities of the deoxy and liganded conformations. Heme modification does not,...
Purification, characterization, and quantitation of the antigen employed in the immunodiffusion test for diagnosis of equine infectious anemia. Equine infectious anemia (EIA) antigen extracted from the spleen of horses infected with EIA virus was purified by pH treatment, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and affinity chromatography. The homogeneity of the antigen was indicated by sedimentation rate and sedimentation equilibrium experiments. A S20,w of 0.51 was determined and a molecular weight of 7600 was calculated from sedimentation equilibrium analysis. The amino acid composition of the pure antigen indicated the antigen is an acidic protein. Employing radical immunodiffusion (RID) and pure antigen a method for quantitating antigen content ...
Aberrant retropharyngeal lymph nodes of a horse (Equus caballus). The occurrence of aberrant lymph nodes, on both sides of the head of a horse, belonging to the retropharyngeal lymphocenter has been reported.
Eimeria leuckarti infection in foals. This is the first report on Eimeria leuckarti infection in foals in Japan. Seven Thoroughbred or Angloarabian foals 2 to 7 months of age raised in the Hidaka district, Hokkaido, were infected with E. leuckarti. They died of severe alterations caused by the larval migration of Strongylus vulgaris, and were examined over a period from 1970 to 1973. Protozoa of this species were observed in the small intestine in all the foals. They were found mostly in vacuoles of the cytoplasm of monoclear cells in the lamina propria at or near the tip of villi. Various stages of gametocytes, oocysts, and micro...
Muscle structure and function–an explanation. The structure of vertebrate skeletal muscle is reviewed. The mechanism of muscular contraction and its control is then discussed from the point of view of molecular structure. Contraction takes place by a sliding filament mechanism produced by cross-bridges which form between thick and thin filaments. Control is exercised by tropomyosin and troponin. When the calcium concentration is low, these proteins interfere with the formation of cross-bridges and prevent contraction, but when the calcium concentration is increased, they no longer interfere and contraction proceeds.
Animal behavior as a subject for veterinary students. Knowledge of animal behavior is an important asset for the veterinarian; therefore a course in veterinary animal behavior is offered at the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine as an elective. The course emphasizes the behavior of those species of most interest to the practicing veterinarian: cats, dogs, horses, cows, pigs and sheep. Dominance heirarchies, animal communication, aggressive behavior, sexual behavior and maternal behavior are discussed. Play, learning, diurnal cycles of activity and sleep, and controls of ingestive behavior are also considered. Exotic and zoo animal beha...
