Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Horse Management
Horse management encompasses the practices and techniques used to care for and maintain horses in various settings, including stables, pastures, and performance environments. This area of study covers a range of activities such as feeding, grooming, housing, exercise, and health monitoring to ensure the well-being and optimal performance of horses. Effective horse management requires an understanding of equine behavior, nutrition, and physiology, as well as the ability to implement routine care practices and respond to health issues. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the methods, strategies, and outcomes associated with different horse management practices.
Estimation of metabolic energy cost and heat production during a 3-day-event. The metabolic power required for sustained exercise in the horse is proportional to running speed. Moderately fast speeds require substantial energy expenditure and result in the generation of a massive metabolic heat load. Quantitative estimates of energy expenditure and heat production of horses at various running speeds were developed using empirically derived data from treadmill studies. Total metabolic power represents the sum of aerobic power indicated by the rate of oxygen consumption and net anaerobic power indicated by the rate of plasma lactate accumulation. These data were applied t...
Gunshot injuries in horses: 22 cases (1971-1993). Twenty-two horses were examined because of firearm injuries. Nine had been shot with .22-caliber bullets, 2 with BB pellets, 6 with buckshot, 1 with a .35-caliber bullet, and 1 with an airgun pellet. Injury was confined to the skin or skeletal muscles in 8 horses. Of these, 7 returned to their previous use. In 14 horses, injuries to additional structures were incurred, including the sinus and pharynx (n = 2), mandible (n = 1), tooth (n = 1), aorta (n = 1), eye (n = 3), tibia (n = 1), gastrointestinal tract (n = 3), joint (n = 1), and trachea (n = 1). The 3 horses that had only eye injuries wer...
An index of the environmental thermal load imposed on exercising horses and riders by hot weather conditions. There is a need to determine objectively the environmental heat load imposed on horses competing to an international standard in 3-day-events in environments where there is likely to be a high level of radiation added to high ambient temperatures and relative humidity; the presently used FEI 'Comfort Index' is severely limited in its applicability. It is proposed that the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) Index be used. This index was originally established for man exercising strenuously under harsh climatic conditions with high solar radiation levels. It may be defined as: WBGT = 0.7Twb + 0.3...
Physiological responses of horses competing at a modified 1 star 3-day-event. The impending 1996 summer Olympic 3-day-event in Atlanta has focused attention on the need to determine what modifications to the demanding Endurance Test will be required to ensure safety of the horses competing. Three groups of horses participated in a Field Trial held in August of 1994 in northern Georgia to determine the safety and feasibility of conducting a modified 3-day-event in hot, humid weather. One group (TD) completed a modified 1 Star 3-day-event test, a control group (HT) completed a Horse Trial identical to the modified 1 Star test except for the omission of Phases B and C and ...
Physiological effects of shortening steeplechase in a 3-day-event. Various methods for modifying the Speed and Endurance portion (Day 2) of the 3-day-event have been proposed to aid horses in dealing with the hot and humid conditions expected during the next Olympic 3-day-events in Atlanta, Georgia USA in 1996. This study was designed to characterise the effects of shortening the distance required during the steeplechase (Phase B) in the face of Atlanta-like hot and humid weather conditions. Eight conditioned Thoroughbred horses (mean +/- s.e.m. age 3.75 years, range 3-5 years) underwent 3 randomised permutations of a standardised exercise test on a high spee...
Simultaneous analysis of tiaramide metabolites in horse urine and plasma by solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography. A simple method for the simultaneous analysis of tiaramide (TRA) metabolites in the horse is described. The sample preparation method using a Bond-Elut PH cartridge and stepwise elution with ice-cold, 30% aqueous methanol followed by additional methanol is effective for recovering the metabolites with different properties. The extraction method gives good recoveries (greater than 80%) and reproducibility. Each metabolite is well separated by high-performance liquid chromatography using an octadecyl-type column of polymer-based packing with a solvent system of 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.5)-ac...
Descriptive epidemiological study of equine laminitis. A descriptive and matched case-control study of laminitis was conducted in 7 private practices and at the Texas Veterinary Medical Centre (TVMC) between May 1992 and July 1993. Out of 108 horses with laminitis, 19 acute (49%) and 20 chronic (51%) cases were seen in private practice and 16 acute (23%) and 53 (77%) cases at the TVMC. Gastrointestinal disease was the most common problem in 19/35 horses (54%), occurring just prior to the onset of acute laminitis in all hospitals. Among all horses in the study, most commonly used drugs were phenylbutazone (68%), acepromazine (34%), dimethyl sulphox...
An evaluation of the accuracy of ageing horses by their dentition: a matter of experience? There is a widely held belief that a horse can be accurately aged by an examination of its teeth but this belief has recently been questioned. In this study photographs were taken of the dentition of 434 thoroughbreds of known age. Four experienced equine clinicians provided estimates of the ages of the horses from the photographs. A comparison of the estimated and true ages showed large discrepancies in many cases and the discrepancies increased as the horse's true age increased. The results show that the ageing of horses from their dentition is an imprecise science. It is suggested that writ...
The prevalence of abnormal behaviours in dressage, eventing and endurance horses in relation to stabling. The behaviour of horses competing in different disciplines was studied and the relationship between the time they spent out of the stable and the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was examined. The owners of dressage, eventing and endurance horses were sent a questionnaire and a total of 1101 responses were received, giving data on 1750 horses. The behaviours studied were wood-chewing, weaving, crib-biting/wind-sucking and box-walking. The reported percentage prevalences of abnormal behaviour for the dressage, eventing and endurance horses were 32.5, 30.8 and 19.5, respectively. The relationshi...
[Fatal accident to a horse from a narrow transverse beam in the box door]. It is reported on the fatal accident of a horse due to a cross-beam too low above the door of the stable, in which the animal suffered several skull fractures and a tear of the musculus longus capitis from the base of the skull. The aim of this article is, to supply a contribution to the establishment of minimal requirements for the housing of horses, in this case for the request of the minimum height of stable doors and ceilings as well as for constructions on horse transporters. On the grounds of this example, the natural behaviour of horses is discussed at the hand of the literature and the...
Disinfecting equine facilities. Disinfection of equine premises provides a challenge to farm managers, in view of the variety of surfaces which may be contaminated and the wide variety of horse pathogens. Of the commonly occurring infectious diseases for which disinfection and disease control are especially important, rotavirus diarrhoea, salmonellosis and strangles are the most difficult to control. Phenolic disinfectants have been scientifically demonstrated to be effective in the presence of organic matter and are also virucidal. When used after thorough cleaning and rinsing of stall surfaces, phenolics have proved effect...
Slowing the spread of anthelmintic resistant nematodes of horses in the United Kingdom. The growing importance of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes (small strongyles) of horses poses a threat to the health and welfare of all types of horses. On the basis of published information on cyathostomes of horses, six recommendations are made for reducing the development and spread of anthelmintic resistant nematodes. The need for restraint in the use of anthelmintics, the application of epidemiological principles of worm control and a greater emphasis on pasture management are the principal recommendations.
Testosterone administration to mares: criteria for detection of testosterone abuse by analysis of metabolites in plasma and urine. A pharmacological dose of a long-acting testosterone ester, testosterone hexahydrobenzoate, was administered intramuscularly to two mares. The time course for some characteristic metabolites in blood and urine was then studied using an analytical method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry associated with stable isotope dilution. Among the plasma analytes, testosterone glucuronide was found to be the most adequate indicator for the monitoring of exogenous testosterone up to 2 weeks postadministration if a threshold value of 200 ng/L was applied. In urine, the simultaneous measurement ...
Septic cholangiohepatitis and cholangiocarcinoma in a horse. Septic cholangiohepatitis was diagnosed in an 11-year-old Warmblood gelding with a history of intermittent colic and fever. Klebsiella pneumoniae, susceptible to gentamicin, was cultured from the biopsy specimen. However, treatment with gentamicin was unsuccessful, and histologic examination and bacteriologic culture of a biopsy specimen obtained 3 weeks later revealed progression of the hepatic inflammation and yielded growth of gentamicin-resistant K pneumoniae. At this time, several discrete hyperechoic structures, suggestive of biliary calculi, were seen ultrasonographically. A change in a...
Management factors associated with stereotypic and redirected behaviour in the thoroughbred horse. A greater knowledge of the effect of management factors is required to investigate the ontogeny of abnormal behaviour in the stabled horse. A postal survey of racehorse (flat) trainers yielded information about 22 yard and management factors. The relationship of the factors to the prevalence of abnormal behaviour was analysed by logistic regression. Management factors related to the time spent in the stable showed the strongest associations with stereotypic behaviour. The risk of horses performing abnormal behaviour increased: 1) as the amount of forage fell below 6.8 kg/day, 2) when bedding t...
[Publication of a valid determination–cauterization in horses]. Cauterization in horses is a painful method to enable the identification of horses. This method is not allowed (section 17 Nr. 2b Tierschutzgesetz, FRG), because recent findings have found a painless method to identify horses.
Inflammation and increased numbers of bacteria in the lower respiratory tract of horses within 6 to 12 hours of confinement with the head elevated. Confinement of horses with their heads elevated for periods up to 24 hours was used to evaluate the extent and the effects of bacterial contamination of the equine lower respiratory tract. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in bacterial numbers (up to 10(9) colony forming units/mL in transtracheal aspirate derived samples) occurred within 6 or 12 hours in most horses. Pasteurella/Actinobacillus spp and Streptococcus spp were most commonly isolated. Lowering of the head for 30 minutes every 6 hours to facilitate postural drainage did not prevent multiplication of organisms to levels equivalent...
Soft tissue emergency in adult horses. Equine practitioners are frequently called to attend to soft tissue injuries. The majority of these cases are routine and straightforward; however, a certain percentage may present as a life-threatening situation with potentially serious complications. Client communication, adequate preparation, patient stabilization, accurate injury assessment and appropriate wound preparation are key factors to expedite recovery and achieve a favorable outcome. Understanding the limitations of field therapy and deciding when to transport the case to a clinic or referral center plays an important role in the ...
Determination of succinonitrile in horse urine by gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorus detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A chromatographic method was developed to detect and confirm the presence of succinonitrile (SDN) in horse urine samples, for antidoping control. The urine samples (5 ml) were extracted with diethyl ether and screened by gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorus detector and the confirmation of the drug's presence was accomplished by using gas chromatography-mass selective detection. The recovery of extraction was 78 and 81% for 1.0 and 2.0 micrograms ml-1 (relative standard deviation, < 10%), respectively. Urine samples collected after the administration of Energisan were positive for SDN (1-30 ...
Screening of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, barbiturates and methyl xanthines in equine urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) screening procedure for 23 acidic drugs in equine urine is described. With the GC-MS method fifteen anti-inflammatory drugs, five barbiturates and three methyl xanthines can be detected with good sensitivity and selectivity. The method consists of alkaline hydrolysis, extraction with organic solvent using salting-out, clean-up extraction, methylation and screening with GC-MS in selected-ion monitoring mode. The limit of detection is 10 micrograms 1(-1) or lower, for most drugs.
