"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Fransson LA, Havsmark B.The structure of dermatan sulfate-chondroitin sulfate
copolymers, isolated from horse aorta, has been examined.
It was found that a large proportion of the galactosaminoglycans of this tissue was obtained as a discrete polysaccharide fraction with an L-iduronic acid to D-glucuronic
acid ratio of approximately 1: 2. This finding together with
infrared data indicated that the polymer contained approximately equimolar proportions of the three repeating disaccharide units glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate
(A), iduronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate (B), and
glucuronosyl-N-acet...
Yamaguchi M, Miyazawa Y, Sekine T.Myosin was prepared from smooth muscle of horse esophagus in good yield
(about 15 ° mg/Ioo g tissue) and was designated myosin S. Its properties were compared
with those of myosin A from skeletal muscle.
The ratio of the absorption of myosin S at 280 nm to that at 26o nm was about
1.8, and the amount of contaminating phosphorus was only o.91 g/io 5 g of myosin S,
indicating that the latter is free of nucleic acid. The purity of this protein was examined
by ultracentrifugation, gel filtration in the presence of 0.5 M KC1 and 6 M urea and
chromatography on DEAE-cellulose columns. These e...
Stanley S, Jeganathan A, Wood T, Henry P, Turner S, Woods WE, Green M, Tai HH, Watt D, Blake J.We have raised antibodies to morphine and etorphine and developed one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for these drugs as part of a panel of post race tests for drugs in racing horses. These tests are simple, can be completed in 2 h, and can be read by visual inspection. The morphine ELISA has an I50 for morphine of about 1.5 ng/mL, while the etorphine ELISA has an I50 for etorphine of 250 pg/mL. Cross-reactivity studies show that the antimorphine antibody cross-reacts well with levorphanol, hydromorphone, and oxycodone, while the anti-etorphine antibody showed no cross-reactivi...
Dippert KD, Hofferer S, Palmer E, Jasko DJ, Squires EL.Cyclic mares were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n=15 per group): Group 1 received equine pituitary extract (EPE; 25 mg, i.m.) on Day 5 after ovulation; Group 2 received EPE on Day 12 after ovulation; while Group 3 received 3.3 mg of GnRH analogue (buserelin implant) on the day of ovulation and 25 mg, i.m. EPE on Day 12. Mares in each group were given 10 mg PGF2alpha on the first and second day of EPE treatment. The EPE treatment was continued daily until the first spontaneous ovulation, at which time 3,300 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were given to induce further ovulations. Mares...
Hilbert BJ, Rowley G, Antonas KN, McGill CA, Reynoldson JA, Hawkins CD.Sodium hyaluronate was injected into normal horse joints and joints that had undergone an arthrotomy and experimental cartilage damage. The elimination half-life for hyaluronic acid in normal joints was found to be approximately 96 h. The injection caused a non-significant increase (42%) in synovial fluid protein concentration and a fall in the intrinsic viscosity of the fluid. In the arthrotomy group the synovial fluid hyaluronic acid concentration fell after surgery but it was unaffected by the injection of sodium hyaluronate. An initial rise in the intrinsic viscosity of the synovial fluid ...
Evans-Clay M, Porch N, Maguire G, Weston MA.Beaches are under increasing pressure from a wide range of anthropogenic threats, including human trampling, vehicular crushing, and horse riding/training. The impacts of horses on beaches are unknown. We index the relative abundance, diversity and assemblage composition of beach invertebrates at paired sites with and without horses at nine beaches (locations) across Victoria, Australia. Horses were more common at sites where they were allowed and sites (horse versus no horse) within beaches were well matched, having similar slope, seaweed coverage, human and dog activity-attributes which vari...
Carmel DK, Crisman MV, Ley WB, Irby MH, Edwards GH.We surveyed the whole blood selenium status of a randomly sampled population of horses from 4 contiguous counties in northern Maryland. Two hundred and two horses from 74 farms were sampled. Whole blood selenium levels greater than or equal to 0.100 parts per million (ppm) were considered adequate; blood levels less than 0.100 ppm were considered marginal or deficient. The average blood selenium concentration of the horses sampled was 0.137 ppm, with a standard deviation of 0.041 ppm. Blood selenium concentrations ranged from 0.050-0.266 ppm. Thirty-eight of 202 horses (18.8%) had a selenium l...
Gehring R, Beard L, Wright A, Coetzee J, Havel J, Apley M.Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is probably the most common disease of geriatric horses. Affected horses show a variety of clinical signs, including hirsutism, polyuria/polydipsia, immunosuppression, muscle wasting, and laminitis. The most common treatment for PPID is pergolide, a dopamine agonist; however, there are no pharmacokinetic data about the use of this drug in horses. This article describes a study designed to address this complete lack of pharmacokinetic information. The pharmacokinetics of pergolide are described in a small group of relatively young, healthy mares (n =...
Ludwig KG, Craig TM, Bowen JM.Six mares were treated on the day of parturition with an intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg kg-1 ivermectin and placed in a pasture free of equine parasites as soon as possible after foaling. The mares and their foals were compared with a similar group of untreated mares and foals on an adjoining pasture. The experimental data was derived from mare and foal fecal egg counts, foal necropsies and pasture larval counts. Ivermectin administered to mares on the day of parturition, when combined with movement to parasite-free pastures, significantly lowered the cyathostome (small strongyle) egg produ...
Abu-Seida AM, Shamaa AA.Congenital frontal osteoma has not been previously described in horses. This report records-for the first time-a congenital osteoma of the frontal bone in a 4-month-old Arabian filly. The filly had a frontal hard mass that was present at birth and then showed a slow and continuous growth. This mass appeared as a solitary, painless, oval dense tumor of compact bone, about 2 cm in diameter and 3 cm in length. The tumor was asymptomatic, and the skin over the mass was normal. Radiography revealed a well-defined oval, radio-dense mass projecting from the surface of the right frontal bone with no...
Flisińska-Bojanowska A, Gill J, Komosa M.1. The diurnal changes in the levels of lactic (LA) and pyruvic (PA) acids and values of pH were studied in standard-bred mares and their foals, for 13 weeks of foal life, throughout 2 years. 2. The studies began when a foal was 7 days old and were repeated every 2 weeks until foals reached 13 weeks of age. 3. Blood samples were taken every 4 hr for one day, each second week. 4. In the LA, PA levels and pH values no diurnal rhythm was stated in lactating mares during study periods. 5. In foals the diurnal rhythm in LA and PA occurred in the 3rd month of their life, with the acrophase at night ...
Ahern BJ, Boston RC, Ross MW.To evaluate equids with enostosis-like lesions (ELLs) and document the clinical and epidemiological features of this disease. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 79 equids with a scintigraphic diagnosis of at least 1 ELL on ≥ 1 occasion. Methods: Medical records of 4,992 equids that underwent bone scintigraphy between March 1997 and March 2009 were reviewed; 78 horses and 1 pony had a scintigraphic diagnosis of an ELL. For those equids, signalment; physical, scintigraphic, radiographic, and lameness examination results; and outcome were reviewed. Results: Of the 79 equids, 4 (5.1%) ...
Schedel-Stupperich A.Since 1993 increasing numbers of violent crimes against horses were recorded in Germany. Meanwhile "Horse Ripping" is accepted as a new criminal phenomenon. It is defined as destructive acts with the aim to harm a horse or the acceptance of a possible injury of a horse, especially killing, maltreatment, mutilation and sexual abuse in sadomasochistic context. The study includes a complete situation report from 1993 to 2000, especially the development of the crime. Criminal events (N = 1035) were analysed about modus operandi, especially the specification of the injuries and regional distributio...
