"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Fransson LA, Havsmark B.The structure of dermatan sulfate-chondroitin sulfate
copolymers, isolated from horse aorta, has been examined.
It was found that a large proportion of the galactosaminoglycans of this tissue was obtained as a discrete polysaccharide fraction with an L-iduronic acid to D-glucuronic
acid ratio of approximately 1: 2. This finding together with
infrared data indicated that the polymer contained approximately equimolar proportions of the three repeating disaccharide units glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate
(A), iduronosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate (B), and
glucuronosyl-N-acet...
Yamaguchi M, Miyazawa Y, Sekine T.Myosin was prepared from smooth muscle of horse esophagus in good yield
(about 15 ° mg/Ioo g tissue) and was designated myosin S. Its properties were compared
with those of myosin A from skeletal muscle.
The ratio of the absorption of myosin S at 280 nm to that at 26o nm was about
1.8, and the amount of contaminating phosphorus was only o.91 g/io 5 g of myosin S,
indicating that the latter is free of nucleic acid. The purity of this protein was examined
by ultracentrifugation, gel filtration in the presence of 0.5 M KC1 and 6 M urea and
chromatography on DEAE-cellulose columns. These e...
James K, Pullar DM, James VS, Wood A, Epps HB, Rahr L.Serum samples were obtained at regular intervals from groups of horses immunized with peripheral blood lymphocytes, thoracic duct lymphocytes, or peripheral blood lymphocyte membranes. These sera were separated into the classical 19 S, 10 S, 7 S, and 4.5 S fractions by Sephadex gel filtration and the antibody activity (antilymphocytic or otherwise) of these fractions, and of the original sera, was assessed by standard in vitro procedures. The antilymphocytic activities measured included lymphocyte agglutination, lysis, and transformation. The other antibodies assayed were platelet and erythroc...
Singh G.A/eq-1 and A/eq-2 influenza viruses were isolated simultaneously from an epidemic of equine influenza in north India. Evidently, both types of equine influenza viruses circulated in the equine population at the same time.
Darien BJ, Stone WC, Dubielzig RR, Clayton MK.The morphologic changes following ascending colon volvulus result from the interaction of inflammatory and coagulation mediators. The objective of this study was to establish a quantifiable histopathologic scoring system to evaluate the serial pathomorphologic changes during ischemia and reperfusion. Such a scoring system could then be applied to subsequent studies designed to attenuate bowel lesions by regulating activity of individual mediators. Ten normal, healthy adult ponies were randomly divided into two equal groups. Following anesthesia and a 30-minute stabilization period, the colon o...
Wang TJ, Ward T, Nguyen HT, Hurwitz EL.The purpose of this study was to describe the types of equestrian-related musculoskeletal injuries and their management. Unassigned: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 19 patients who presented with injuries from equestrian activities at a chiropractic practice from December 2000 to December 2020. Deidentified data were extracted from the charts and summarized. Unassigned: Of the 19 patients, 42.3% presented with acute trauma, 38.5% had overuse injuries, and 19.2% had chronic injuries as a result of previous trauma. We found that 90% of overuse injuries and 18.2% of acute injuries led t...
Gilger BC, Brooks DE.This first IEOC symposium met its goals of gathering a group of leading equine ophthalmology clinicians and researchers to identify the challenges of the field. To facilitate collaboration, notes from round-table discussions, including the ideas and plans that were discussed are being complied and will be distributed to the attendees. Development of an IEOC membership organisation and website was discussed and supported by the group in an effort further to advance the science of equine ophthalmology. To present results from the collaborations made at this first IEOC meeting, an IEOC mini-sympo...
Suen WW, Zedler S, Price R, Maguire T, Halliday C, Rosenblatt AJ, Allavena RE, Owen H, Medina-Torres CE.We describe herein the clinical, endoscopic, computed tomography (CT), pathologic, and microbiologic features of an infection caused by an under-recognized fungal pathogen, , in a 25-y-old Australian Quarter Horse. The horse had a unilateral obstructive nasal mass, resulting in stertor and dyspnea. On endoscopy, the mass was tan, multinodular, and completely obstructed the nasal passage. CT analysis revealed a large, soft tissue-attenuating and partially mineralized mass in the right nasal passage and dorsal-conchofrontal sinus, expanding into adjacent paranasal sinuses with associated bone ly...
Wilson DA, Keegan KG, Carson WL.This study compared the mechanical properties of the normal intact suspensory apparatus and two methods of fixation for repair of transverse, midbody fractures of the proximal sesamoid bones of adult horses: transfixation wiring (TW) and screws placed in lag fashion (LS). Methods: An in vitro, paired study using equine cadaver limbs mounted in a loading apparatus was used to test the mechanical properties of TW and LS. Methods: Seventeen paired (13 repaired, 4 normal) equine cadaver limbs consisting of the suspensory apparatus third metacarpal bone, and first and second phalanges. Methods: The...
Dunnett M.N-alpha-Acetyl-L-carnosine (NAcCAR) in perchloric acid extracts of equine plasma was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography on a 3 microns Hypersil ODS (150 x 4.6 mm I.D.) column eluted with 5 mM phosphoric acid-1 mM triethylamine, pH 2.58. NAcCAR was isolated by solid-phase extraction on Isolute PRS (propylsulphonyl) columns. The HPLC mean retention time for NAcCAR was 5.9 +/- 0.2 min. The recovery from plasma by solid-phase extraction was 93.9-99.7% and lower limit of detection in plasma was 0.18 microM. The normal NAcCAR concentration in equine plasma was 2.4 +/- 0.3 microM. The ...
Watson TD, Burns L, Freeman DJ, Packard CJ, Shepherd J.1. Apolipoprotein A-I dependent lecithin:cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity was identified in equine lipoprotein deficient plasma (LPDP). 2. LCAT activity showed no breed or sex variation, and was unaltered postprandially. 3. There was no significant cholesteryl ester transfer activity in equine LPDP. 4. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl sepharose failed to unmask transfer activity or identify an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer. 5. In 12 Shetland ponies, plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations were positively correlated with those of triglyceride, ...
Cipone M, Pietra M, Gandini G, Boari A, Guglielmini C, Venturoli M.A pulsed wave-Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of common carotid arterial blood flow was carried out on 63 healthy Italian Saddlebred horses. Vessel diameter and tracing morphology were evaluated and blood flow parameters (systolic, diastolic and mean velocity, acceleration and deceleration of the systolic wave, carotid pulse volume) were calculated and correlated with class variables (sex, age and body weight). On the basis of the presence of an incisure in the ascending branch of the systolic curve, subjects were divided in two groups: one with a bifid systolic curve and the other with a ...
Bertram CA, Dietert K, Pieper L, Erickson NA, Barton AK, Klopfleisch R.During bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) sample preparation in horses, several technical aspects can affect sample variability. To date, the effects of different fixatives on prepared equine BALF films have been insufficiently investigated. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of various on-slide fixation methods on cell quality, including spray fixation of wet films, and acetone and methanol fixation of air-dried samples in comparison with unfixed, air-dried films. Methods: Cytocentrifuged BALF samples from 5 horses were fixed in a wet state using a commercially available fix...
Nauwelaerts S, Kaiser L, Malinowski R, Clayton HM.The estimation of the position of the center of mass (CM) is essential in a wide range of biomechanical analyses. In horses, the majority of the body mass is contained in the trunk and in most studies, the trunk is assumed to be rigid. However, this rigidity assumption has not been tested. We quantified changes in the position of the trunk CM due to external shape changes by measuring the kinematics of a mesh encompassing the trunk. Using a frame of reference fixed to the horse's spine, we described the shape deformation of the trunk during walking. In addition, we tested for speed and individ...
Smyth GB, Young DW, Schumacher J.Postprandial gastrin concentrations were assayed in serum samples from a group of six foals at one day, one week, one month and three months of age. Before sampling, each foal was prevented from feeding for 2 h and was then allowed to suck for 15 mins. Blood samples were taken at the start of the meal and at 30 min intervals for the next 3 h. Feeding increased serum gastrin concentrations at one day, one week and one month, with the greatest increases detected at one day. Mean pre-feeding gastrin concentrations were 25.2 +/- 2.3 pg/ml at one day, 22.8 +/- 3.9 pg/ml at one week, 15.2 +/- 2.3 pg...
