"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Budnitskaya P, Gapanhuk E, Henriques OB.The kininogenase activity of trypsin, plasmin, plasma kallikrein and heated Bothrops venom was compared, using fresh, heated and heat-acid-denatured horse plasma as source of kininogen. The venom kininogenase was found to have the highest activity on fresh horse plasma, followed by plasmin and trypsin which were equally active, and plasma kallikrein which was half as active as plasmin on these substrates. Plasmin and trypsin released more kinin from heat-treated than from fresh plasma whereas kallikrein released half as much as it liberates from fresh plasma. On heat-aciddenatured plasma equal...
Helms CM, Allen PZ.Immunodiffusion analysis of papain digestion products, heavy and light chains of horse IgG-globulins with several rabbit and anti-horse IgG sera, have permitted the demonstration of five antigenic specificities (Fc1, Fc2, L, Lsp and Fabsp) associated with these equine antigens. Reactivity with anti-Fc1 is shown by both F′c and Fc fragments, while anti-Fc2 reactivity is shown only by Fc fragment.
Absorption of anti-Fab serum with L chain Fc fragment provides a reagent (anti-Fabsp) which precipitates only with Fab fragment, IgG-globulin or reduced and alkylated IgG. Upon exposure to deterge...
Nathan H, Gloobe H.The myocardial fibres of the posterior wall of the atrio-venous junctions were examined in 35 large domestic mammals. In the majority of specimens a common pattern in the course and organization of the fibres could be observed. The most obvious features were the following: (1) a main circular fascicle surrounding the pulmonary trunks; (2) fibres encircling the atriovenous junctions; and (3) myocardial sleeves extending along the veins, occasionally as far as the lung. The superior part of the left atrial wall was consistently thicker than the inferior section. Individual variations of this wal...
Rigert S, Geyer H, Kummer M.The following case report describes the treatment of canker in a 14 years old warmblood gelding. The horse showed the typical appearance with caseous surface and early detachment of the superficial horn layers. The histological results show a severe degradation in the germinal layer of the epidermis of the frog. Surgical therapy under general anaesthesia was performed. On all limbs a tourniquet was applied and all abnormal tissue in the region of the frog and also the subdermal tissue underneath were removed. Postoperatively the horse was treated with hoof bandages for 2 weeks. Treatment plate...
Oliveira SN, Andrade LRP, Silva LFMC, Araujo EAB, Rayashi RM, Segabinazzi LGTM, Alvarenga MA, Dell'Aqua CP, Dell'Aqua JA, Papa FO.Treatments for seminal vesiculitis have poor outcomes in stallions; thus, the development of alternative strategies is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate fractionated semen collection as a method to restore the fertility of stallions diagnosed with seminal vesiculitis. Eighteen ejaculates from six stallions (three ejaculates/stallion) diagnosed with seminal vesiculitis were harvested in fractions, as follows: Fraction A (FA), the first two jets; Fraction B (FB), the third and fourth jets; and Fraction C (FC), the fifth and remaining jets of the ejaculate. All fractions were subject to sta...
Bertone JJ.Six standing awake adult horses were instrumented for measurement of mean arterial, central venous, and pulmonary arterial blood pressures (mm of Hg), thermodilution cardiac output (ml/kg/min), and pulmonary arterial blood temperature (C). Total peripheral resistance was calculated from these values. Base-line data were accumulated, and a single dose of hydralazine HCl (0.5 mg/kg) was administered IV. Horses were monitored for 420 minutes after hydralazine administration. Mean arterial and central venous blood pressures did not change from the base-line values. Cardiac output and heart rate we...
Alberti E, Stucchi L, Stancari G, Ferro E, Ferrucci F, Zucca E.Only few data regarding normal resting blood pressure in horses and the influence of cardiac diseases on arterial blood pressure are available in literature. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible influence of age, sex, breed, bodyweight, and cardiac diseases and their severity on blood pressure values measured in horses with cardiac disease and in a control group. For this case-control study, indirect blood pressure measurement was performed in 60 horses with different types of cardiac disease and in 23 healthy horses (control group), by means of an ultrasonic blood-...
Nickels FA.Conditions of this portion of the respiratory tract are relatively uncommon. This article reviews these conditions and discusses the different modes of therapy. The conditions covered are redundant alar folds, diseases of the nasal septum, fungal infections, neoplasms, nasal polyps, and ethmoid hematomas. The different surgical approaches to the nasal cavity are reviewed, and surgery of removal of the nasal septum and the alar fold are described.
Brown CM.This article reviews the etiology, clinical findings, and significance of diseases of the heart valves, myocardium, pericardium, and great vessels of the horse. Each valve is considered separately from the point of view of murmur production. In addition, the role of the cardiovascular system in the etiology of sudden and unexpected death is considered.
Moorthy AR, Spradbrow PB.Mycoplasmas were isolated from two of 43 nasal swabs taken from live horses, and from one of 28 tracheal swabs taken from slaughtered horses. The slaughtered horse that yielded mycoplasmas had no gross pathological changes in the respiratory tract, but the nasal isolations were made from horses with rhinitis. The three mycoplasmas could be distinguished by cultural characteristics, and probably they represent three different species.
Vaziri GJ, Jones MM, Carr HA, Nuñez CMV.The disruption of animals' symbiotic bacterial communities (their microbiota) has been associated with myriad factors including changes to the diet, hormone levels, and various stressors. The maintenance of healthy bacterial communities may be especially challenging for social species as their microbiotas are also affected by group membership, social relationships, microbial transfer between individuals, and social stressors such as increased competition and rank maintenance. We investigated the effects of increased social instability, as determined by the number of group changes made by femal...
The development of a nodule is a fairly common reaction pattern in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the horse. In many such nodules, the inciting aetiologic agent or antigen is unknown, but in some equine cases there is significant evidence for insect bite origin. The pathogenesis of some equine nodular diseases appears to involve marked collagen degeneration which varies from hyalinization to lysis and can become mineralized. The exact role the lytic collagen has in the pathogenesis of these lesions is still unknown. Vascular changes may be present in some entities. Other nodules may be c...
Davíðsson HB, Rees T, Ólafsdóttir MR, Einarsson H.Automated gait classification has traditionally been studied using horse-mounted sensors. However, smartphone-based sensors are more accessible, but the performance of gait classification models using data from such sensors has not been widely known or accessible. In this study, we performed horse gait classification using deep learning models and data from mobile phone sensors located in the rider's pocket. We gathered data from 17 horses and 14 riders. The data were gathered simultaneously from movement sensors in a mobile phone located in the rider's pocket and a gait classification system ...
Lores M, Yarbrough T.A 9-year-old pony gelding was evaluated because it was suspected that a persistent oronasal fistula had developed after a fractured right maxillary second premolar tooth had been extracted via repulsion 6 months earlier. Results: Unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and malodorous breath were noted on clinical examination. Examination of the oral cavity revealed a 1 × 0.5-cm defect at the oral aspect of the right maxillary second premolar alveolus, from which feed material was extracted. Endoscopic examination revealed feed material in the rostral aspect of the right nasal cavity, confirmi...
Vice JD, Shoemaker RS, Cho DY.A 2-year old Thoroughbred filly was examined for a 1-month history of persistent nasal discharge. Contrast radiography revealed a circumscribed mass within the right maxillary sinus which extended to the frontal sinus and ethmoid labyrinth. A discrete attachment of the mass to the ethmoid labyrinth was identified at surgery. Surgical removal of the mass eliminated the nasal discharge. On gross examination, the external structure of the mass was similar to a turbinate with a thin bony wall covered by a smooth mucosal membrane. The internal structure of the lesion had a lining membrane with mult...
Changoor A, Hurtig MB, John Runciman R.Multiple osteochondral grafts can be used to resurface large joint defects in both humans and horses. In humans, immediate postoperative weight bearing can be prevented, however in the equine, it is unavoidable. Early weight bearing can create detrimental graft micromotion. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of a bioresorbable cement in improving the initial stability of multiple osteochondral graft repairs of large subchondral cystic lesions in the horse. Configurations employed for filling a 20mm diameter cylindrical defect included: (A) twelve 4.5mm diameter grafts with cemen...
Jacklin B.Ben Jacklin is equine director and consultant veterinary surgeon at CVS UK. He is a diplomate of the European College of Veterinary Surgeons and an RCVS and ECVS Specialist in equine surgery.
Sonnichsen HV.Dexon is a new, synthetic, absorbable suture material. Its applicability for suturing distally in the extremities of horses was tested in 65 cases. The indications included burried sutures as well as skin closure. It was concluded that the material can be used with advantage in cases traditionally sutured with catgut, vetafil or mersilene. It is technically a pleasant material and has further the advantage that it shall not be removed.
