"Horses" is a broad topic that encompasses various aspects of equine biology, behavior, and management. This category includes studies on the anatomy, physiology, and genetics of horses, as well as their behavior, nutrition, and care. Research in this area may also cover the historical and cultural significance of horses, their roles in agriculture, sport, and therapy, and the challenges associated with their conservation and welfare. The page aggregates peer-reviewed research articles and scholarly studies that explore the multifaceted relationships between humans and horses, examining both scientific and socio-economic perspectives.
Science (New York, N.Y.)June 18, 1965
Volume 148, Issue 3677 1603-1604 doi: 10.1126/science.148.3677.1603
TRUJILLO JM, WALDEN B, O'NEIL P, ANSTALL HB.Distinctly different electrophoretic patterns of red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were resolved from the hemolyzates of horse and donkey erythrocytes. Examination of their reciprocal hybrids, mules and hinnies, showed that the red cells of female mules and female hinnies contain both horse and donkey G-6-PD; the male mule with an X chromosome from its horse mother contained pure horse G-6-PD, whereas the male hinny with the donkey X chromosome contained pure donkey G-6-PD. These findings on the male reciprocal hybrids suggest X-linkage.
Miller L, Lord S.Loss of endotracheal tube (ETT) integrity secondary to dental damage is reported in the human literature. Objective: To describe this problem in equine anaesthesia. Methods: Case report. Conclusions: An 18-year-old Standardbred gelding presented out of hours with colic signs. Findings on clinical examination and pain refractory to analgesia meant that exploratory laparotomy was elected for. Prior to general anaesthesia (GA) leak testing of the anaesthetic machine was performed and the pilot balloon of the endotracheal tube (ETT) was inflated to confirm cuff integrity. Intermittent-positive pre...
Gerhards H, Klein HJ, Offeney F.A diagnostic approach based on clinical and radiographic examinations for evaluation of young foals and small ponies with acute abdominal discomfort is presented. Standing right to left lateral abdominal radiographs were taken of 54 foals and 6 ponies using a previously described technique. Interpretation of the radiographs was in conjunction with all clinical and laboratory findings and patient management. Using this approach, the site and cause of acute abdominal discomfort could be diagnosed accurately in 55 of 60 (91%) patients as confirmed by clinical, surgical or necropsy findings. Typic...
Wheat JD.The migration of strongyle larvae is the most common or basic underlying cause of colic in the horse. Disease conditions producing symptoms of colic occur in all sections of the intestinal tract and consist of impactions, torsions, herniations and foreign bodies. Colic also occurs as a result of pre- and post-partum diseases such as torsion of the uterus, haemorrhage, rupture and inversion of the uterus. In general, lesions resulting in circulatory obstruction are the types requiring surgical intervention. There are six general types of small intestine obstruction that lend themselves to surgi...
To describe some cardiorespiratory effects of an inspiratory-to-expiratory (IE) ratio of 1:1 compared with 1:3 in ventilated horses in dorsal recumbency. Methods: Randomized crossover experimental study. Methods: A total of eight anesthetized horses, with 444 (330-485) kg body weight [median (range)]. Methods: Horses were ventilated in dorsal recumbency with a tidal volume of 15 mL kg and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths minute, and IE ratios of 1:1 (IE1:1) and 1:3 (IE1:3) in random order, each for 25 minutes after applying a recruitment maneuver. Spirometry, arterial blood gases and dobutamine...
Poulos PW.Adequate radiographic evaluation of the horse relevant to purchase examination requires the successful integration of technique, interpretation, and reporting. A thorough knowledge of lameness and disease can be masked by incorrect interpretation resulting from poor-quality films or an incomplete examination. Thus, care must be taken to produce an adequate number of high-quality films on which to base a report, which allows you to describe changes that are present. This information, coupled with your physical examination, other laboratory data, and the knowledge of the expressed use of the hor...
Dimock AN, Spriet M.The effect of the chemical shift artifact, resulting from misregistration or phase cancellation at the interface between compact and trabecular bone, on apparent bone thickness was quantified in six isolated equine limbs. Sagittal T1-weighted spin echo (SE) and in-phase three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) images were acquired twice with a 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) unit, switching the frequency encoding direction between acquisitions. Out-of-phase SPGR images were also obtained. MR images with different frequency encoding directions were compared with each other and to radiograph...
Dixon PM, Nicholls JR, McPherson EA, Lawson GH, Thomson JR, Pirie HW, Breeze RG.An abattoir survey on horses diagnosed as suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on clinical grounds showed that the right ventricular wall thickness was not significantly different from that of normal horses. However, the weight ratio between the left and right ventricles was found to be significantly (P less than 0.001) different in COPD affected, compared with control, horses in a study of 17 physiologically and pathologically confirmed COPD cases, using ventricular weight measurements. No clinical evidence of right heart failure nor post mortem evidence of right heart ...
Sams RA, Gerken DF, Dyke TM, Reed SM, Ashcraft SM.Cimetidine was administered intravenously and by the intragastric route to six mares at a dose of 4.0 mg/kg of body weight (bw). Specific and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of cimetidine in horse plasma and urine and cimetidine sulfoxide in urine are described. Plasma cimetidine concentration vs. time data were analysed by non-linear least squares regression analysis to determine pharmacokinetic parameter estimates. The median (range) plasma clearance (Cl) was 8.20 (4.96-10.2) mL/min.kg of body weight, that of the steady-state volume of distribu...
Vörös K.Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was introduced into equine cardiology in the early 1990s. At first, linear and area dimensions and left ventricular volume were validated by the comparison of parameters determined during in vitro 2DE and autopsy measurements. Based on these studies, tomographic planes and intracardiac reference points for in vivo measurements were established and 2DE values have been determined for healthy adult horses by various authors. These data were similar to each other and proved to be comparable with M-mode echocardiography measurements. However, dif...
Varadin M.Infertility, resulting from failure to conceive during the preceding breeding season, was caused by various forms of endometritis in forty-four mares of Highland and Arabian breeds in Yugoslavia. Chronic mucopurulent and latent catarrhal endometritis occurred most frequently. Douching of the uterus on alternate days for 9 days with warm and cold sterile salt solutions (ranging from 7% to 1% w/v) in the early autumn resulted in conception in 47-7% of mares at an average of 15-2 days after the onset of treatment, and another 36-7% becoming pregnant in the following spring. Mating at the wrong st...
Sanderson GN, O'Callaghan MW.This article describes the gross radiographic anatomy of the equine thorax observed on the lateral radiographic projection. The descriptions presented were derived from a retrospective study of a large number of thoracic radiographs of cases referred to the Massey University clinic in conjunction with research studies in bronchography, angiography and in vitro contrast techniques. The characteristics of the thoracic bony structures, the vasculature, and the airways are examined separately; followed by a discussion of the relative contribution of the various structures to the overall thoracic r...
Brown CM, Holmes JR.Using a catheter with 2 transducers, one mounted at the tip and one 9 cm proximal to it, enabled transvalval pressure waveforms to be recorded in 8 horses. A simultaneous electrocardiogram acted as a time base. The changing waveforms produced in the chambers of the heart and great vessels are described and related to the events of the cardiac cycle. The effect of second degree AV block, ectopic beats, a pan diastolic murmur and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are described.
