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Topic:Scintigraphy

Scintigraphy, also known as nuclear scintigraphy, is a diagnostic imaging technique used in equine medicine to assess bone and soft tissue abnormalities. This procedure involves the administration of a radiopharmaceutical agent that emits gamma rays, which are detected by a gamma camera to create detailed images of the horse's body. Scintigraphy is particularly useful for identifying areas of increased metabolic activity, often indicative of inflammation, infection, or injury. It is commonly employed in cases where lameness or other musculoskeletal issues are present, but the precise location or cause is not easily determined through other diagnostic methods. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the applications, methodology, and diagnostic value of scintigraphy in equine veterinary practice.
Influence of methylprednisolone acetate on osteochondral healing in exercised tarsocrural joints of horses.
American journal of veterinary research    June 1, 1996   Volume 57, Issue 6 914-922 
Carter BG, Bertone AL, Weisbrode SE, Bailey MQ, Andrews JM, Palmer JL.To evaluate joint function and healing of surgically created full-thickness articular cartilage defects in exercised horses after intra-articular administration of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA; 120 mg) and sterile saline solution in the contralateral limb. Methods: Experimental investigation. Methods: 12 healthy, sound, radiographically normal horses with induced full-thickness osteochondral lesions on the medial and lateral trochlear ridges of the tali. Methods: Two 8.4-mm-diameter full-thickness articular cartilage lesions were created in each tarsocrural joint (12 horses [24 tarsocrural ...
Development of subchondral cystic lesions after articular cartilage and subchondral bone damage in young horses.
Equine veterinary journal    May 1, 1996   Volume 28, Issue 3 225-232 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1996.tb03777.x
Ray CS, Baxter GM, McILWRAITH CW, Trotter GW, Powers BE, Park RD, Steyn PF.The objective of this study was to determine if damage to the articular cartilage alone or articular cartilage plus subchondral bone of the distal medial femoral condyle of young, exercised horses resulted in the formation of subchondral cystic lesions. Twelve Quarter Horses (age 1-2 years), free of clinical and radiographic signs of osteochondrosis and lameness were used. In 6 horses (Group 1), a 15 times 1 mm linear full thickness defect in the articular cartilage was made arthroscopically on the weightbearing surface of the distal aspect of the medial femoral condyle. In the other 6 horses ...
Scintigraphic evaluation of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate uptake in the navicular area of horses with lameness isolated to the foot by anesthesia of the palmar digital nerves.
American journal of veterinary research    April 1, 1996   Volume 57, Issue 4 415-421 
Keegan KG, Wilson DA, Lattimer JC, Twardock AR, Ellersieck MR.To evaluate distribution and intensity of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) uptake in the navicular area in horses with forelimb lameness isolated to the palmar aspect of the foot. Methods: Prospective, case-controlled study. Methods: 7 horses with clinical signs of navicular syndrome and 7 control horses. Methods: Palmar view, soft tissue-phase scintigraphic images of the foot were obtained between 7 and 12 minutes after injection of 120 to 170 mCi of 99mTc-MDP. Lateral and palmar view, bone-phase images were obtained at 30 minutes and 1, 2, and 4 hours after injection. Palmar views w...
Surgical treatment of subchondral cyst-like lesions in the tibia of an adult pony.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    March 1, 1996   Volume 208, Issue 5 704-706 
Ball MA, Allen D, Parks A.A 13 year-old pony was evaluated because of right hind limb lameness of acute onset. Radiographs of the right tarsus obtained shortly after the onset of lameness were normal, but results of nuclear scintigraphy were abnormal. Two radiolucent subchondral cyst-like lesions of the distal part of the tibia were seen on radiographs obtained 9 months later. The lesions were surgically decompressed, and the pony was sound 1 year later. It is hypothesized that a traumatic insult created a crack or split in the articular cartilage that allowed subsequent development of the cyst-like lesions.
Scintigraphy for diagnosis of avulsions of the origin of the suspensory ligament in horses: 51 cases (1980-1993).
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    September 1, 1995   Volume 207, Issue 5 608-611 
Edwards RB, Ducharme NG, Fubini SL, Yeager AE, Kallfelz FA.The medical records of 34 horses with a diagnosis of avulsion of the origin of the suspensory ligament that had been admitted to the veterinary medical teaching hospital between 1980 and 1993 were identified. In addition to clinical examination, 21 of 34 horses had scintigraphy and radiography performed during their examination. The usefulness of scintigraphy and radiography were assessed by comparing the initial findings reported in the medical record to those obtained in a retrospective review of the images. Thirty other horses with scintigraphic lesions of the proximal aspect of the third m...
99Tcm-HMPAO labelled leucocytes and their biodistribution in the horse: a preliminary investigation.
Equine veterinary journal    July 1, 1995   Volume 27, Issue 4 313-315 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03083.x
Butson RJ, Webbon PM, Fairbairn SM.No abstract available
Twenty years of equine scintigraphy–a coming of age?
Equine veterinary journal    May 1, 1995   Volume 27, Issue 3 163-165 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03057.x
Weaver MP.No abstract available
Vascular phase scintigraphic evaluation of equine distal limb perfusion following trauma: 3 cases.
Equine veterinary journal    May 1, 1995   Volume 27, Issue 3 228-233 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1995.tb03067.x
Bell BT, Long MT, Chambers MD, Baker GJ.No abstract available
Diagnosis and management of incomplete fracture of the distal palmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone in five horses.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    February 1, 1995   Volume 206, Issue 3 335-337 
Kawcak CE, Bramlage LR, Embertson RM.Incomplete fracture of the distal palmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone was diagnosed in 5 horses. Mild to moderate lameness and positive response to flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint were evident in all horses. Fractures were not detectable in 4 horses when the routine 30 degrees proximodorsal-palmarodistal radiographic view was used. Visualization of the fractures in these 4 horses required imaging of the palmar condylar surface by use of a dorsopalmar view of the flexed joint or a 125 degrees dorsoproximal-dorsodistal view. The dorsopalmar view of the flexed joint was used in a ...
Case report: acute joint destabilization in the equine demonstrating early pathology in osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis and cartilage    December 1, 1994   Volume 2, Issue 4 281-283 doi: 10.1016/s1063-4584(05)80080-9
Attenburrow DP, Goss VA.A case of acute destabilization of the right stifle joint associated with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and avulsion fracture of the tibial spine in a horse is reported. The diagnosis was obtained by scintigraphy and radiography. Post mortem investigations 6 weeks after injury demonstrated fibrillation of surface cartilage in regions unprotected by tibial menisci. No pathological change was demonstrated in the subchondral bone of the tibia in regions associated with loss of cartilage integrity.
Neutrophil accumulation in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.
American journal of veterinary research    October 1, 1994   Volume 55, Issue 10 1454-1463 
Moore RM, Bertone AL, Bailey MQ, Muir WW, Beard WL.Histomorphologic/morphometric evaluation, leukocyte scintigraphy, and myeloperoxidase activity were used to determine whether neutrophils accumulate in the large colon of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Twenty-four adult horses were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: group 1, sham-operated (n = 6); group 2, 6 hours of ischemia (n = 9); and group 3, 3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion (n = 9). Low-flow ischemia of the large colon was induced in horses of groups 2 and 3 by reducing colonic arterial blood flow to 20% of baseline. Radiolabeled (99mTc) autogenous neutrophils wer...
Oxytocin enhances clearance of radiocolloid from the uterine lumen of reproductively normal mares and mares susceptible to endometritis.
Equine veterinary journal    July 1, 1994   Volume 26, Issue 4 279-282 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04387.x
LeBlanc M, Neuwirth L, Mauragis D, Klapstein E, Tran T.The effects of oxytocin on the percentage of technetium 99m albumin colloid (99mTc-microAA), cleared from the uterine lumen was measured in 13 mares. Scintigraphy was performed during 4 consecutive oestrous cycles, on Day 3 of oestrus during Cycles one and 3 and 48 h after ovulation during Cycles 2 and 4. Oxytocin (20 iu) was given i.v. after the initial scintigraphy image during Cycles 3 and 4. Seven multiparous mares (Group 1) were classified as 'susceptible' and 6 mares (2 nulliparous and 4 multiparous; Group 2) were classified as 'resistant' to endometritis. All mares cleared > 90% of 99mT...
Bilateral hind limb hypoplasia in a foal.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    June 15, 1994   Volume 204, Issue 12 1924-1926 
Jimenez MM, Kirker-Head CA, Jakowski RM, O'Callaghan MW.Hypoplasia affecting both hind limbs was observed in a neonatal foal. Scintigraphy aided in establishing diagnosis and prognosis. Radiography revealed an abnormally shaped middle phalanx and lack of the distal phalanx and navicular bone in the right hind limb, with an abnormally shaped distal phalanx and navicular bone in the left hind limb. Scintigraphic findings were closely correlated with the radiographic findings. Radiographic and scintigraphic findings were confirmed at postmortem examination.
Microvascular thrombosis associated with onset of acute laminitis in ponies.
American journal of veterinary research    May 1, 1994   Volume 55, Issue 5 606-612 
Weiss DJ, Geor RJ, Johnston G, Trent AM.The hypothesis that equine laminitis is caused by thrombosis of vessels in the laminar corium (dermis) was investigated. Hemostatic alterations were evaluated by determining platelet count, platelet survival, platelet adhesiveness to vascular subendothelium, activated clotting time, and whole blood recalcification time. Thrombosis of vessels in the hoof wall was evaluated by scintigraphic studies of the hoof wall after administration of indium-111 (111In)-labeled platelets, contrast arteriography, and histologic examination. Platelet count remained constant before and at the onset of lameness;...
Fracture of the wing of the ilium, adjacent to the sacroiliac joint, in thoroughbred racehorses.
Equine veterinary journal    March 1, 1994   Volume 26, Issue 2 94-99 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04343.x
Pilsworth RC, Shepherd MC, Herinckx BM, Holmes MA.During a two year period, sagittal fractures of the wing of the ilium were diagnosed in 10 Thoroughbred horses. All were spontaneous fractures sustained during normal exercise in training and racing, with no history of inciting trauma. When ultrasound scans of the surface of the pelvis were performed, the fracture was clearly visible as a discontinuity of the sacral wing of the ilium. In 3 horses, an irregular contour suggestive of periosteal callus was seen in the vicinity of the acute fracture. All horses examined by gamma scintigraphy had a focal increase in uptake of isotope just lateral t...
Scintigraphic measurement of uterine clearance in normal mares and mares with recurrent endometritis.
Equine veterinary journal    March 1, 1994   Volume 26, Issue 2 109-113 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04346.x
LeBlanc MM, Neuwirth L, Asbury AC, Tran T, Mauragis D, Klapstein E.The percentage of Technetium 99m-albumin colloid (99mTc-microAA), a radiocolloid, cleared from the uterine lumen within 4 h of intrauterine infusion, was measured in 15 mares during 2 consecutive cycles, on Day 3 of oestrus and 48 h after ovulation. Four nulliparous (Group 1) and 4 multiparous (Group 2) mares were classified as resistant and the remaining 7 multiparous mares were classified as susceptible (Group 3) to endometritis. Mares in Groups 1 and 2 cleared more 99mTc-microAA from their uteri than did mares in Group 3 during oestrus (P < 0.01) and 48 h after ovulation (P 50% of the c...
Scintigraphic and ultrasonographic diagnosis of soft tissue injury in a thoroughbred horse.
The Journal of veterinary medical science    February 1, 1994   Volume 56, Issue 1 169-172 doi: 10.1292/jvms.56.169
Williams J, Miyabayashi T, Ruggles A, Yamamoto J, Takiguchi M.A 2.5-year-old female Thoroughbred horse was referred to the veterinary teaching hospital for right front limb lameness of 1 year duration. Physical examination and diagnostic nerve blocks failed to localize the origin of the lameness. Scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP suggested increased radionuclide uptake in the palmar metacarpal soft tissues of the right front limb. Ultrasonographic examination revealed hypoechoic lesions in the superficial digital flexor tendon and the suspensory ligament, suggesting tendinitis and desmitis. Combined imaging modalities improved detection and characterization of...
An improved method for the scintigraphic detection of acute bone damage to the equine pelvis by probe point counting.
The Veterinary record    November 13, 1993   Volume 133, Issue 20 490-495 doi: 10.1136/vr.133.20.490
Pilsworth RC, Holmes MA, Shepherd M.A fracture of the pelvis in a horse can be detected scintigraphically by probe point counting. However, the pelvis is covered by a large and variable muscle mass, and is close to the urinary bladder, both of which can introduce errors. This paper describes an improved technique which uses a larger set of sampling points and analyses the data with a small computer to construct a three dimensional graph of the gamma-ray output across the pelvis, thus helping to improve the interpretation of the data. The scintigraphic plot from a normal horse, three cases of fracture (confirmed by radiography, u...
Use of scintimetry to assess effects of exercise and polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on equine carpal joints with osteochondral defects.
American journal of veterinary research    July 1, 1993   Volume 54, Issue 7 997-1006 
Todhunter RJ, Altman NS, Kallfelz FA, Nersesian P, Lust G.Combined blood pool and delayed images produced by use of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTcMDP) were evaluated as an objective measurement of the response of equine joints with osteochondral defects to postoperative exercise and intra-articularly administered polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG). Osteochondral defects (approx 2.4 x 0.9 cm) were induced arthroscopically in the dorsodistal radial carpal bones of 18 ponies. These ponies were randomized (while balancing for age [range 2 to 15; median, 5.0; mean, 5.1 years]) to 2 treatment groups. Nine ponies were assigned to be exercised, and...
Scintigraphic evaluation of fractures of the distal phalanx in horses: 27 cases (1979-1988).
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association    June 15, 1993   Volume 202, Issue 12 1993-1997 
Keegan KG, Twardock AR, Losonsky JM, Baker GJ.Retrospective radiographic and scintigraphic analyses were performed on 27 fractures of the distal phalanx in 25 horses. Location of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) uptake was compared with fracture line location as seen on radiography. Intensity (intense, moderate, mild) and pattern (focal, diffuse) of 99mTc-MDP uptake was recorded and compared with duration of fracture. Nine horses were monitored during convalescence by obtaining additional scintigraphic views 3 to 68 months after injury. Palmar scintigraphic views had evidence of focal areas of increased 99mTc-MDP uptake t...
[Spavin in horses–clinical, radiological and scintigraphic findings].
Tierarztliche Praxis    April 1, 1993   Volume 21, Issue 2 141-148 
Driesang I, Böhm D.Both hock joints were examined clinically, radiologically and scintigraphically in 80 horses with special regard to bone spavin. The positive x-ray and bone scan results corresponded in most cases. It was evident that there was no correlation between degree of lameness and/or extent of radiological findings and increased radioactive uptake in the joint. Scintigraphic evaluation may demonstrate early changes at the onset of bone spavin as well as the frequent bilateral nature of the condition.
Anaplastic sarcoma in the caudal thigh of a horse.
The Veterinary record    August 29, 1992   Volume 131, Issue 9 188-190 doi: 10.1136/vr.131.9.188
Danton CA, Peacock PJ, May SA, Kelly DF.A 16-year-old showjumping gelding was examined because of a non-painful, slowly progressive caudal thigh swelling, which was associated with 2/10th lameness at the trot. Radiography, real time beta-mode ultrasonography and gamma-scintigraphy of the caudal thigh for the presence of chip fractures, sequestrum formation and, or, abscessation were inconclusive. Radiographic examination of the chest revealed multifocal, nodular cannon ball-like opacities throughout the entire lung fields from which a diagnosis of a primary soft tissue tumour with metastasis to the thorax was made. An anaplastic sar...
Can a pelvic fracture in a horse be detected by probe scintigraphy?
The Veterinary record    August 8, 1992   Volume 131, Issue 6 123-125 doi: 10.1136/vr.131.6.123
Pilsworth RC.Pelvic fracture is a relatively common spontaneous fracture in thoroughbred racehorses. Its diagnosis can be difficult, and radiography in the acute phase carries the risks associated with anaesthesia and recumbency. This paper describes the use of a hand-held probe for point counting after the injection of technetium-99m in the investigation of four cases of pelvic fracture. The level of increased uptake of radioactivity was lower (40 to 61 per cent increase) than for distal limb bone fractures.
Bone scanning for back problems in horses.
The Veterinary record    May 9, 1992   Volume 130, Issue 19 432 doi: 10.1136/vr.130.19.432-b
Jeffcott LB, Weaver MP.No abstract available
Use of scintigraphy for the determination of mucociliary clearance rates in normal, sedated, diseased and exercised horses.
Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire    October 1, 1991   Volume 55, Issue 4 315-320 
Willoughby RA, Ecker GL, McKee SL, Riddolls LJ.Mucociliary clearance rates from the trachea were determined in normal, sedated, diseased and exercised horses from scintigraphs obtained after an injection of technetium-99m sulphide colloid into the tracheal lumen. The group mean tracheal clearance rate of eight clinically normal horses during 42 trials was 2.06 +/- 0.38 cm/min. Significant between horse differences were found (p less than 0.05). When six and seven of these horses were given xylazine and detomidine hydrochloride, respectively, mean group tracheal clearance rates dropped significantly (p less than 0.05). The decreases from ea...
Osteomyelitis of the axial border of the proximal sesamoid bones in seven horses.
Equine veterinary journal    September 11, 1991   Volume 23, Issue 5 383-389 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03743.x
Wisner ER, O'Brien TR, Pool RR, Pascoe JR, Koblick PD, Hornoff WJ, Poulos PW.Destructive lesions of the axial region of the proximal sesamoid bones were identified by radiography in eight fetlocks and seven lame adult horses. Lameness ranged from 2 to 5 (mean 4; scale 1 to 5) at the time of examination, with a duration of 10 days to two years (mean 5.6 months). Destructive lesions involved both proximal sesamoid bones when examined radiographically and were situated primarily at the level of the mid-body and apical region of the axial borders. Some lesions were cystic, whereas others eroded the axial border more diffusely. Scintigraphy revealed markedly increased activ...
The scintigraphic detection of muscle damage.
Equine veterinary journal    September 1, 1991   Volume 23, Issue 5 327-328 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03731.x
Hornof WJ, Koblik PD.No abstract available
Scintigraphic identification of skeletal muscle damage in horses 24 hours after strenuous exercise.
Equine veterinary journal    September 1, 1991   Volume 23, Issue 5 347-352 doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03736.x
Morris E, Seeherman HJ, O'Callaghan MW, Schelling SH, Paradis MR, Steckel RS.The uptake of the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MDP by damaged skeletal muscle in horses is evaluated. Twenty-four hours following strenuous exercise, 109 racehorses with a history of inadequate athletic performance and subtle lameness were imaged using scintigraphic techniques. Ten horses (9.2 per cent) demonstrated abnormal uptake of the radioisotope within skeletal muscles. A muscle biopsy from one of these horses confirmed that the muscles with increased scintigraphic activity had histologic evidence of rhabdomyolysis. This technique allows localisation and relative quantification...
Nuclear imaging techniques for equine respiratory disease.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    August 1, 1991   Volume 7, Issue 2 417-433 doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30507-2
O'Callaghan MW.When performed on selected clinical cases, ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy provides valuable additional information on regional lung function that is not obtainable from conventional thoracic radiographs. This is particularly true of horses with EIPH, COPD, and those suspected of having some form of small-airway disease. For horses with EIPH, the presence of a perfusion deficit on the scan is considered a key prognostic sign, because it is likely in these cases that irreversible bronchial arterial takeover has occurred in the affected areas of lung. Findings from horses with COPD have impro...
The role of scintigraphy in the lameness evaluation.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice    August 1, 1991   Volume 7, Issue 2 207-239 doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30498-4
Steckel RR.Bone scanning to help diagnose orthopedic disease has been used in human patients for over two decades. The value of this diagnostic tool has been well established in helping to identify a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. It has only recently been used by veterinarians for more accurate characterization of equine musculoskeletal disease. The technique offers the major advantage of increased sensitivity over standard radiographic imaging. The case material illustrated here shows that except for consistent identification of bone cysts, most of the pathologic changes to the horse's musculos...