Surgery for horses encompasses a range of procedures performed to diagnose, treat, or manage various medical conditions. These procedures may involve soft tissue or orthopedic interventions and require specialized techniques to accommodate the unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of equines. Common surgical procedures in horses include colic surgery, fracture repair, and arthroscopy. The success of equine surgery depends on numerous factors, including the type of procedure, the horse's overall health, and post-operative care. This page compiles peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore surgical techniques, outcomes, and advancements in equine surgical practices.
Holzhausen L, Nowak M, Junginger J, Puff C.A 15-year-old gelding presented with a progressive lameness of the left forelimb of 2.5 months duration. Clinically, a dilation of the deep flexor tendon sheath with a firm elastic consistency and a pronounced tenderness was noted. Ultrasonically, a marked swelling of the flexor tendon sheath with an irregular density of the mesotendineum was observed. The white, firm material forming a nodular distension of the flexor tendon sheath with a diameter of approximately 1 cm was excised and sent for histopathological examination. Biopsies of the deep flexor tendon and corresponding tendon sheath we...
Elliott CR, Vasey JR, Russell TM.To report on the outcome of wounds to the hindlimb of racehorses, and horses with the intended use of racing, where both the long digital extensor (LoDE) and lateral digital extensor (LaDE) tendons had been completely transected. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: Records of all horses admitted with hindlimb lacerations between 2002 and 2009 were examined for cases where both the LoDE and LaDE tendons in the hindlimb had been severed, and specifically in horses intended to be used for racing. Outcome was assessed via retrieval of race records and via telephone questioning of the owne...
Stumpf G, Fietz D, Ezer J, Litzke LF, Bergmann M.Surgically removed testicular tissue in cryptorchid stallions is sometimes difficult to identify because of morphological and histological malformation. Therefore, a sure method to characterise the removed tissue is required. A 2-year-old Haflinger stallion was castrated after diagnosis of cryptorchidism to remove the left intra-abdomnial testis. Intra-operative exploration of the abdominal cavity revealed a firm, dysmorphic structure, which could not be identified as testis based on macroscopic anatomy. The removed tissue was Bouin-fixed and paraffin-embedded for histological examination. We ...
Thakur BP, Sharma SK, Sharma A, Kumar A.Veterinarians working under remote field conditions are routinely presented with variety of surgical interventions in equines like castrations, management of wound, traumatic and congenital hernias and musculoskeletal disorders thus necessitating the use of general anaesthesia for management of these conditions. The present study was carried out to evaluate and recommend the suitable short term anaesthetic technique for Spiti ponies under field conditions. Seven clinically healthy male Spiti ponies presented for castration were evaluated for short term Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) usin...
Benredouane K, Lepage O.To develop transarterial coil embolization (TACE) for occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA), in normal standing horses, and to evaluate it use for prevention of hemorrhage in horses with guttural pouch mycosis (GPM). Methods: Prospective study. Methods: Normal horses (n = 8) and 5 with GPM. Methods: Horses had TACE of the ICA in standing position under fluoroscopic guidance. Four normal horses were euthanatized 2 weeks after TACE for morphologic assessment and 4 were followed for 6 months. The 5 clinically affected horses were evaluated for long-term (10-12 months) success rate and co...
Kay AT, Hunt RJ, Rodgerson DH, Spirito MA, Santschi EM, Payne RJ.To describe the characteristics of osteomyelitis lesions of the patella and to report short- and long-term outcome after treatment in 8 foals. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: Foals (n = 8). Methods: Medical records (2003-2007) and radiographs of foals that had osteomyelitis of the patella were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included clinical, radiographic, and surgical findings consistent with osteomyelitis of the patella, and a long-term follow-up of >15 months. Information acquired included signalment, hematologic and serum biochemical profile results, clinical and radiographic si...
Nevins M, Al Hezaimi K, Schupbach P, Karimbux N, Kim DM.This study tests the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite and collagen bone blocks of equine origin (eHAC), infused with recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB), to augment localized posterior mandibular defects in non-human primates (Papio hamadryas). Methods: Bilateral critical-sized defects simulating severe atrophy were created at the time of the posterior teeth extraction. Test and control blocks (without growth factor) were randomly grafted into the respective sites in each non-human primate. Results: All sites exhibited vertical ridge augmentation, with physiologic ha...
Fleming K, Mueller PO.The objective of this study was to identify parameters that would assist in determining the probability of a successful outcome with medical management versus surgical intervention in horses with ileal impaction. Medical records of 245 horses admitted for ileal impaction were reviewed and placed into 2 groups: medical (med) and surgical (sx) treatment. Persistence of abdominal pain, gastric reflux, frequency of analgesic administration, and 1-year survival were evaluated. There were no differences in signalment, abdominal pain, or heart rate among groups; however, significantly more sx horses ...
Archer RM, Gordon SJ, Carslake HB, Collett MG.A 3-month-old female Warmblood foal was presented after displaying signs of colic with pyrexia for 5 days. Results: The foal continued to show signs of colic, frequently passed urine, and was pyrexic with an elevated white blood cell count. The umbilical stalk was thickened but there was no evidence of purulent material. Exploratory laparotomy revealed an enlarged left umbilical artery remnant tightly adhered to the bladder wall. The left umbilical artery continued to an aneurysm involving the distal aorta. The foal was subject to euthanasia and post-mortem examination confirmed a spherical ao...
Furness JB, Poole DP.The functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of the most extensive system of peripheral neurons in the body, the enteric nervous system, and the largest endocrine system of the body, the GEP endocrine system. The enteric nervous system in large mammals contains 500 million neurons, and the GEP endocrine system produces more than 30 hormones. Numerous enteric neuropathies affecting both humans and animals have been described and digestive disorders affect commercially important species, such as horses and cattle. The most severe enteric neuropathies (e.g., lethal white syn...
Michau TM, Davidson MG, Gilger BC.  To determine the complications and nonrecurrence rates following superficial lamellar keratectomy, bulbar conjunctivectomy, and adjunctive carbon dioxide (CO(2)) photoablation for corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the horse. Methods:   Retrospective study. Sample population  Twenty-four horses with corneolimbal SCC. Methods:   Medical records of horses diagnosed with corneolimbal SCC that was surgically excised and where CO(2) photoablation was used as an adjunctive therapy from 2000 to 2007 were reviewed. Signalment, prior therapy, tumor location and size, complications,...
Clode AB, Miller C, McMullen RJ, Gilger BC.  To compare the complications and nonrecurrence rate following topical mitomycin C (MMC) therapy vs. CO(2) laser ablation for treating equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods:   Retrospective study. Methods:   Twenty-five horses with corneolimbal SCC. Methods:   Medical records of horses undergoing surgical tumor resection followed by either topical MMC therapy (0.04%) or CO(2) laser ablation between the years of 2004 and 2010 were reviewed. Recurrence and complications were compared between groups and within MMC subgroups defined by the time at which treatment was ...
Freeman KD, Southwood LL, Lane J, Lindborg S, Aceto HW.Infections are common complications in post operative colic patients. It is the impression of some surgeons that pyrexia in the early post operative period is a sign of infection and appropriate timing of perioperative antimicrobials will decrease the incidence of post operative infection. Objective: To determine the association between 1) post operative pyrexia and development of infection and 2) perioperative antimicrobial drug use and infection rate in post operative colic patients. Methods: Medical records of patients undergoing surgical treatment for colic were reviewed. Horses recovering...
Labelle AL, Metzler AG, Wilkie DA.Neoplasia, for which surgical excision is a frequent treatment, is the most common disease of the equine nictitating membrane. There is little long-term follow-up information available to the practitioner regarding the long-term effects of nictitating membrane excision on ocular health. No information is available to compare recurrence of primary neoplasia of the nictitating membrane after excision with local or general anaesthesia. Objective: To evaluate the long-term complications of nictitating membrane resection in horses; recurrence of neoplasia of the nictitating membrane when nictitatin...
Auletta L, Lamagna F, Uccello V, Lamagna B, Pasolini MP.The equine small intestine can be affected by a variety of disorders that may require some form of bypass or anastomosis. Many suture patterns have been used in equine anastomoses to minimise post operative complications, which include leakage from the anastomosis site, stenosis and adhesions. Because of the critical condition of horses undergoing colic surgery, it is imperative this is performed as quickly as possible. Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, differences in the time of execution and leakage pressure between the Lembert single layer, Gambee and Lembert double layer suture patterns fo...
Christophersen MT, Tnibar A, Pihl TH, Andersen PH, Ekstrøm CT.There is a paucity of studies addressing sporting activity and horse owners' satisfaction after horses have undergone colic surgery. Objective: To determine 1) survival rate after colic surgery, 2) prevalence of horses returning to, or starting, sporting activities and 3) assess the owners' satisfaction regarding colic surgery. Methods: Cases that underwent exploratory celiotomy for colic between January 2005 and August 2010 were reviewed. All horses that had one or more celiotomies and were discharged after colic surgery were included in a telephone questionnaire survey. Only horses that surv...
Dicht S, Del Chicca F, Fürst A.Ectopic teeth occur because of failure of the first branchial cleft to close during development and are found mostly in young horses. Such dentigerous cysts are often located at the base of the ear, forming a notable swelling with a fistula, as it was the case with the two year old Iceland mare «Runa». In order to confirm the diagnosis, x-ray images were taken, which is also necessary to locate the ectopic tooth correctly. While operating, the whole cystic membrane should be removed and it is important to prevent adjacent nerves and blood vessels from damage. Prognosis for complete healing a...
David F, Cadby J, Bosch G, Brama P, van Weeren R, van Schie H.Larger superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injuries have a poorer prognosis than smaller lesions. During the inflammatory phase enlargement of the initial lesion is frequently noted, with biomechanical loading being recently proposed to play an important role. Objective: To evaluate the effect of lower limb cast immobilisation on tendon lesion propagation in an equine model of surgically induced SDFT injury. Methods: Core lesions were surgically induced in both front SDFTs of 6 young mature horses. At the end of surgery, one leg was randomly placed in a lower limb cast and the other leg (...
Ortved KF, Nixon AJ, Mohammed HO, Fortier LA.To evaluate the long-term clinical outcome after allogeneic chondrocyte and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) grafting of subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) of the femoral condyle in horses. Objective: To test the hypothesis that chondrocyte and IGF-I grafts will improve the long-term clinical outcome in arthroscopically debrided SCLs. Methods: Medical records of 49 horses with SCLs of the femoral condyle treated by debridement and implantation of chondrocytes and IGF-I were reviewed. Preoperative radiographs were obtained, and caudocranial radiographic projections were used to establish a r...
Lescun TB, Frank EA, Zacharias JR, Daggy JK, Moore GE.To compare the bone temperature and final hole dimensions associated with sequential overdrilling (SO) and single 6.2-mm drill bit (S6.2DB) methods used to create transcortical holes in the third metacarpal bones (MCIIIs) of horse cadavers. Methods: 60 MCIIIs from 30 horse cadavers. Methods: In phase 1, hole diameter, tap insertion torque, peak bone temperature, and postdrilling bit temperature for 6.2-mm-diameter holes drilled in the lateral or medial cortical region of 12 MCIIIs via each of three 2-bit SO methods with a single pilot hole (diameter, 3.2, 4.5, or 5.5 mm) and the S6.2DB method ...
Denny HR, Barr AR, Waterman A.A series of 25 horses with olecranon fractures are reviewed. Twenty-one cases were treated surgically by the application of a tension band plate to the caudal aspect of the ulna. Seventy six per cent of these regained full limb function. The results of treatment are compared with two other series of conservatively and surgically treated cases.
Barakzai SZ, Johnson VS, Baird DH, Bladon B, Lane JG.There has been no objectively assessed case-control study of the efficacy of surgery to correct dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) previously reported. Objective: Composite surgery has a beneficial result on racing performance in horses affected with DDSP as compared to a matched control population. Methods: Race records were obtained for 53 racing Thoroughbreds which underwent composite staphylectomy, sternothyrohyoideus myectomy and ventriculectomy for correction of idiopathic DDSP at the University of Bristol between 1990 and 1996. Each surgical case was matched for age, sex and ...
Moustafa MA, Boero MJ, Baker GJ.A technique for satisfactory arthroscopic examination of the lateral and medial femorotibial joints of the horse is described. The entry portal is made between the middle and medial patellar ligaments with the horse on its back and the stifle flexed. This position allows easy access to view the intercondylar eminence of the tibia. From this reference point, examination of all but the most caudal and medial structures of the joints are possible by manipulating the sleeve and telescope and maintaining joint distention. In a series of 20 examinations, iatrogenic trauma was recognized only once.
Vasey JR.In 15 horses with acute abdominal disease, a diagnosis of incarceration of small intestine through the epiploic foramen was made, either at the time of exploratory celiotomy or at necropsy.The horses exhibited signs of moderate to severe abdominal pain and were suffering from hypovolaemic and/or endotoxic shock. Nasogastric intubation produced either gas or fluid, the pH of which was in the range of 5 to 7.2, indicating reflux of small intestinal content into the stomach. Consistent physical findings included absence of gut sounds on auscultation, dilated small intestine palpable on rectal exa...
Baxter GM, Jackman BR, Eades SC, Tyler DE.Intra-abdominal adhesions were created by localized serosal trauma in 11 adult ponies at three locations on the small intestine. Six ponies received verapamil hydrochloride (0.2 mg/kg) subcutaneously every eight hours for three days, and five ponies received an equal volume of saline solution at the same intervals. The investigators were not informed which treatments the ponies received. Systolic, diastolic, and mean carotid arterial pressures and heart rates were measured six hours before surgery, and then 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 8 hours after the first treatment on each day for three days. One pony...
Islam S, Walton GM, Dean F, Hoffman GR.This case report describes an unusual and complicated orbital injury inflicted by a horse. Definitive management required multidisciplinary surgical collaboration to prevent significant ocular sequelae. The diagnostic role of good imaging and the potential use of bio-models are highlighted.
Hildebrand SV, Holland M, Copland VS, Daunt D, Brock N.Neuromuscular blocking agents (muscle relaxants) are useful and common adjuncts to general anesthesia for human beings, but have not been used extensively during anesthesia of large animal species. Over a 3-year period, atracurium or pancuronium were used as adjuncts to general anesthesia for 89 anesthetic procedures in 88 equids (of 18 breeds and age ranging in age from 5 weeks to 25 years) at the teaching hospital. Forty-one of the anesthetic procedures were for abdominal surgery, and orthopedic (n = 19), ophthalmologic (n = 17), thoracotomy (n = 1), and soft tissue (n = 14) procedures compo...
Cox JE.A simple technique for castration of adult horses which results in first intention healing was devised. The technique involves a 'closed' castration with or without a transfixed ligature on the spermatic sac and suturing the scrotal skin with polyglycolic acid suture material. The postoperative course was characterised by mild oedema only and by rapid recovery. The results obtained during the course of removing 311 scrotal testes from horses and donkeys of all ages are described and discussed. The technique is readily applicable in the field.
Slone DE, Vaughan JT, Garrett PD, Vaden MF, Purohit RC.The vascular anatomy of the adrenal glands and a surgical technique for bilateral adrenalectomy in the equid are described. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in six ponies and one horse via bilateral transcostal retroperitoneal approaches through the 18th rib during a single anesthetic period. Complications included hemorrhage from the right side only and pneumothorax which usually occurred on the right side. One pony died as a result of the surgical technique. Maintenance of adrenal function was accomplished with desoxycorticosterone pivilate and prednisolone.
Gift LJ, Gaughan EM, DeBowes RM, Pintchuk PA, Nickels FA, Foreman JH.Medical records of 11 adult horses with jejunal intussusception examined at 5 veterinary teaching hospitals between 1981 and 1991 were reviewed. Nine of 11 horses had signs of acute abdominal discomfort for < 24 hours, whereas 2 horses had a history of chronic signs. Five of 11 horses had an intraluminal or intramural mass associated with the jejunal intussusception. Two horses died or were euthanatized prior to surgery. Partial jejunal resection and jejunojejunal anastomosis were performed in 9 horses. One horse died during surgery and 2 were euthanatized prior to hospital discharge because o...
Brusie RW, Sullins KE, Silverman DG, Rosenberger JL.Arteriovenous (ischaemic strangulating obstruction, ISO) and venous obstructions (haemorrhagic strangulating obstruction, HSO) were created for 70 min in the small intestine of eight anaesthetised horses, and ISO was created in four horses for 2 h and four horses for 3 h at the sternal and diaphragmatic flexures of the large colon. Five minutes following release of the occlusions, sodium fluorescein 20 per cent (0.5 mg/kg bodyweight intravenously) was administered. Serial quantitative measurements of serosal surface fluorescence of the injured segments and a control segment were made at 2, 10,...
Benmansour P, Duke-Novakovski T.A 10-year old Arabian mare had a slow-growing mass on the lower right mandible and required a large partial mandibulectomy. Methods: No abnormalities were detected apart from the mass. Results: A temporary tracheostomy was performed pre-operatively. Anesthesia was induced with xylazine followed by ketamine and diazepam. For 13Â hours, anesthesia was maintained using sevoflurane, dexmedetomidine and remifentanil infusions, with the exception of surgical preparation time. Intra-operatively, ventilation was delivered through the cuffed tracheotomy tube. Heart and respiratory rates, ECG, arterial ...
Littlejohn A.The mortality following operations for intestinal obstructions in horses decreased from 80 per cent during the period 1849-1913 to 22 per cent during the period 1934-1964. Mortality following operations for high intestinal obstructions was greater than for low intestinal obstructions, and the mortality following operations for strangulating obstructions was more than twice as great as the mortality following simple obstructions. The most frequent cause of death following operations was failure to correct the causal condition, or subsequent impaction.
The anaesthesia techniques most frequently...
Moens Y, Gootjes P, Lagerweij E.The tube-in-tube technique for the functional separation of the lungs in intact anaesthetised adult horses is based on fibre-optic-guided left-sided endobronchial intubation avoiding tracheostomy. It facilitates a valid separation of the two lungs despite variability in bronchial and carinal anatomy. No clinical complications that could be related to its use have been seen.
Carluccio A, Zedda MT, Schiaffino GM, Pirino S, Pau S.Testicular biopsy is one of the supplementary examinations performed in the course
of andrological testing. In veterinary medicine, it is seldom used in low-fertility or
sterility testing, or in the investigation of suspected cancer. Biopsies are discouraged
in horses in particular, since they may result in testicular sclerosis and atrophy
(Galina, 1971; Smith, 1974; Marusi and Corradi, 1989; Varner, 1991; Del Vento et al.,
1992; Threlfall and Lopate, 1993; Roser, 2000). In humans (Foresta and Varotto,
1992; Foresta et al., 1992; Kessaris et al., 1995; Harrington et al., 1996) good resul...
Greet TR.The paper describes the outcome of 16 cases of short-ileal-ileal intussusception in young Thoroughbred horses. The intussusception was often associated with chronic or intermittent low grade abdominal pain. At laparotomy, only the intussusception was reduced in one horse; in another, a myotomy of the thickened stenosed intussusception was carried out after reduction. In 11 cases as ileocaecal bypass anastomosis was performed proximal to the intussusception after its reduction. One horse was subjected to euthanasia during operation because of irreversible intestinal wall damage and another beca...
Abrahamsen E, Hellyer PW, Bednarski RM, Hubbell JA, Muir WW.Arterial hypertension developed in a horse anesthetized for arthroscopy and lavage of an inflamed right carpal joint. Anesthesia was induced with xylazine HCl, butorphanol, guaifenesin, and thiamylal Na and was maintained with halothane in oxygen. Arterial hypertension and tachycardia developed within 15 minutes after a pneumatic tourniquet was placed 8 to 10 cm proximal to the right carpus and inflated to 800 mm of Hg. The surgical procedure was expedited, halothane was discontinued and anesthesia was maintained with guaifenesin to facilitate bandaging. Heart rate decreased from 72 to 42 beat...
Mazaheri-Khameneh R, Azizi S, Davoodi F, Gooran MM.One of the traumatic fractures occurring in the hindlimb of the foals is physeal fractures of the tibia. The most common type of proximal tibial fracture in foals is reported to be Salter-Harris type II. Methods: This case report describes the history, clinical signs, radiographic findings, and surgical management of a proximal physeal fracture of the tibia due to the kick trauma in a 2-weeks-old Kurdish female foal, with signs of left pelvic limb lameness, valgus deviation with non-weight-bearing, non-mobility in stifle region and crepitation in the affected area. In this case, radiography wa...
Crandall A, Hopster K, Grove A, Levine D.In horses undergoing castration, direct comparison of intratesticular lidocaine vs mepivacaine as analgesic adjuncts has not yet been analysed. Objective: To compare the effects of intratesticular lidocaine and mepivacaine during equine castration using the Henderson drill under total intravenous anesthesia. Methods: Randomised, double-blinded clinical study. Methods: Thirty-four stallions were anaesthetised using xylazine-ketamine and randomly selected to receive 10Â mL either lidocaine or mepivacaine injected into each testicle. Both surgeon and anaesthetist were blinded to the selected trea...
Wilke M, Nixon AJ, Malark J, Myhre G.To determine clinical and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome of horses with fractures of the palmar aspect of the radial carpal bone, with or without concurrent fractures of the palmar surfaces of the other carpal bones. Methods: Retrospective study. Methods: 10 horses. Methods: Medical records were reviewed to obtain information on history, signalment, clinical and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome. Follow-up information was gathered from owners and referring veterinarians. Results: 7 horses became lame after recovery from general anesthesia for treatment of an unrelate...
Dean PW, Robertson JT.A urachal remnant, causing pollakiuria and dysuria, was diagnosed by rectal palpation of a urinary bladder adhesion and endoscopic visualization of a urinary bladder diverticulum. Surgical excision of the remnant resulted in relief of abnormal micturition, but the filly was euthanatized 9 months after surgery because of a chronic ventral midline incisional infection. Pollakiuria and dysuria associated with urachal abscessation occur most commonly in calves. This report documents the syndrome in a horse.
Jones RS.Surgical repair of a cleft palate was carried out in three horses. Mandibular symphisotomy allowed adequate exposure of the defect. The first subject, a young foal died from inhalation pneumonia but the other two made satisfactory recoveries. The problems of closure of the lip and symphysis are discussed.
Krahwinkel DJ, Merkley DF, Howard DR.Cryosurgery was used to treat a variety of cancerous and noncancerous diseases in dogs, horses, and cats. Follow-up evaluation on 52 animals revealed an overall "no recurrence" rate of 61%. Among the animals with no recurrence were 12 of 17 with cutaneous lesions and 5 of 8 (horses) with sarcoids. Seven of 10 dogs with anal fistulas healed after cryosurgery, but 2 had recurrence of the disease. Treatment of invasive neoplasms of the oral and nasal cavities was not successful. Side effects and complications were minimal.
Wenker C, Hoby S, Steck BL, Ramsauer AS, Blatter S, Tobler K.Equine sarcoids (ES) were diagnosed in 12 Somali wild asses (SWA) () from 10 different institutions of the SWA European Endangered Species Programme from 1976 to 2019. Samples of surgically excised masses, biopsies, or necropsy samples were submitted for histologic and virologic analysis. In addition, tissue samples from one onager (), one kulan (), and two Hartmann's mountain zebras (HMZ) () were examined. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of ES exhibiting the typical microscopic features. Polymerase chain reaction detected bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) DNA in eight SWA samples and bovi...
Scherrer NM, Lassaline-Utter M, McKenna BC.To determine the histologic findings associated with masses in the nictitating membranes (third eyelids) of horses and to identify prognostic factors associated with recurrence and the outcome. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 50 horses with masses in a third eyelid. Methods: Medical records of horses with partial or complete excision of a third eyelid and submission for histologic evaluation between September 1998 and November 2012 were reviewed. Horses were included if follow-up information for at least 1 year after surgery was available. Information regarding signalment and trea...
Marshall JF, Moorman VJ, Moll HD.To determine the incidence of unilaterally castrated horses among horses admitted to the hospital for castration and to compare horses that underwent previous unilateral castration with horses that had cryptorchism. Methods: Retrospective case series. Methods: 16 unilaterally castrated horses and 44 cryptorchid horses. Methods: Medical records of horses that were admitted to the veterinary medical teaching hospital for castration, including cryptorchid and unilaterally castrated horses, between January 2002 and December 2006 were reviewed. Medical records of unilaterally castrated horses and c...
Allen D, Swayne D, Belknap JK.The clinical signs, medical and surgical management, and pathological findings are described for a ganglioneuroma, an atypical intestinal tumor, that caused colic because of small intestinal obturation.
Mählmann K, Koch C, Bodó G.To compare the practicability, visualization of structures, and iatrogenic damage of direct and transthecal approaches to the navicular bursa for diagnostic needle endoscopy. Methods: Descriptive study. Methods: Equine cadaver forelimbs (n = 30). Methods: Direct and transthecal approaches for insertion of a needle endoscope into the navicular bursa were performed. Video recordings of endoscopic procedures were assessed to determine all structures visualized within the navicular bursa. Number of attempts to gain access to the navicular bursa and total time for insertion and examination were...
Booth LC.Single or multiple split-thickness autogenous skin transplants were applied to 20 limb wounds of 17 horses. The surface area of the wounds ranged from 25 to 200 sq cm. Grafts 0.635-mm thick were collected by use of an electric dermatome and were expanded on a mesh dermatome. The expanded mesh grafts were applied to wounds on 3 horses 4 days after injury. For the other 14 horses, grafts were applied after a granulation tissue bed had formed. The grafts were secured to the recipient beds with sutures and a dressing composed of a foam pad and elastic adhesive tape or with the dressing alone. Furt...
