Omneity® Pellets
All-In-One Vitamin & Mineral Pellet
Topic:Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Nonsurgical removal of a catheter embolus from the heart of a foal. Nonsurgical, percutaneous, transvenous removal of a catheter fragment embolus was performed in a 14-day-old Thoroughbred foal. A basket retrieval catheter was introduced into the jugular vein and manipulated under fluoroscopic guidance to remove the fragment from the right side of the heart. Percutaneous retrieval should be considered as an alternative to thoracotomy for retrieval of intracardiac or intravascular foreign bodies.
Renosplenic entrapment of the large colon in horses: 33 cases (1984-1989). Between 1984 and 1989, 33 horses were diagnosed with renosplenic entrapment of the large colon. Duration of colic, signalment, physical findings, and laboratory values were determined, and treatment methods were evaluated. Nonsurgical correction was attempted in 22 of the horses with suspected renosplenic entrapment of the large colon and was successful in 11 cases. Survival and complication rates also were determined. Nonsurgical correction is a viable alternative to immediate surgery for renosplenic entrapment of the large colon, if cases are selected properly.
A monoclonal antibody defines a geographically conserved surface protein epitope of Babesia equi merozoites. Babesiosis is a tick-borne hemoparasitic disease affecting horses worldwide. To investigate mechanisms of immunity to this parasite, the antibody response of infected horses to Babesia equi merozoite proteins was evaluated. Immunoprecipitation of B. equi merozoite antigens with sera from infected horses revealed 11 major proteins of 210, 144, 108, 88, 70, 56, 44, 36, 34, 28, and 25 kDa. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) 36/133.97, which binds to live merozoites, immunoprecipitated proteins of 44, 36, 34, and 28 kDa. When immunoprecipitations were performed with in vitro translation products of merozoi...
Equine myenteric plexus with special reference to the pelvic flexure pacemaker. Sellers et al. (1979, Am. J. Phys., 237: E457-E464) proposed a pelvic flexure pacemaker mechanism to account for the bidirectional contraction waves needed to both retain ingesta within the right ventral colon for cellulose digestion and terminal fermentation and to transport the digesta distad once the process has been completed. To corroborate the presence of a pelvic flexure pacemaker, we prepared whole mount samples of the tunica muscularis from 23 horses at ten sites along the large colon, cecum and jejunum. Following smooth muscle enzymatic digestion, somata of the myenteric plexus were ...
Distribution of leucocyte antigens in Icelandic horses affected with summer eczema compared to non-affected horses. Three hundred and three horses, exported from Iceland to Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland or Germany were tested for their distribution of leucocyte antigens. One hundred and thirty-six horses were affected with summer eczema. The panel of sera recognised the internationally accepted ELA-specificities A 1 to A10, and the nine work shop specificities W 11 to W 15 and W 18 to W 21. Also, some local specificities, characterised in Switzerland (Be I, Be III, Be 8, Be 25, Be 26, Be 27), and two non major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked antigens (Ely 1:1, Ely 2) were included. Only one a...
In vitro responses of distal airways in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Distal airway segments (ID, 3 to 4 mm; length, 5 mm) from 2 groups of horses were isolated and suspended in tissue baths filled with Krebs solution, aerated with 5% CO2 in oxygen and maintained at 37 degrees C. Responses to exogenous acetylcholine, isoproterenol, or electrical field stimulation were compared. Control horses (n = 30) had no history of recurrent airway obstruction, whereas principal horses (n = 15) had recurrent airway obstruction and were studied during an acute episode of airway obstruction. Although the distal airways contracted in response to the cumulative half-logarithmic ...
Surgical correction of strictures of the large colon in three horses. An extensive stricture of the left dorsal colon in a Thoroughbred colt was resected and the colon was anastomosed. In two horses, circumferential strictures at the pelvic flexure 2.5 to 3 cm long were corrected with a modified Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty technique. The horses were reported to be doing well at 6, 8, and 45 months, respectively.
Regulation of mitogen- and TCGF-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis by prostaglandins and supernatant from equine embryos and endometrium. Immunosuppressive substances which interfere with lymphocyte blastogenesis are released in vitro by embryos and endometrium from mares in early pregnancy. Immunosuppression was not evident when tissues were cultured in the presence of indomethacin (a prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor). Various prostaglandins (PGs) were added to equine lymphocytes and lymphocyte proliferation was measured after the addition of concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohaemagglutinin A (PHA). PGE2 and PGF2 alpha inhibited Con A-induced blastogenesis down to final concentrations of 1.8 x 10(-9) M and 1.3 x 10(-6) M, respect...
A comparison of injectable anesthetic combinations in horses. Six combinations of injectable anesthetic agents were administered to six adult horses in a Latin square design. The drug combinations were xylazine-ketamine, xylazine-butorphanol-ketamine, xylazine-tiletamine-zolazepam, xylazine-butorphanol-tiletamine-zolazepam, detomidine-ketamine, and detomidine-butorphanol-ketamine. Measured variables were heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, arterial pH (pHa), PaCO2, PaO2, recumbency time, and number of attempts necessary to stand. Quality of induction and recovery, muscle relaxation, and response to stimulus were evaluated subjectively....
Isolation of equine herpesvirus-1 mutants in the presence of (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine: demonstration of resistance in vitro and in vivo. The compound (S)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA) had been previously shown to be highly effective in treatment of EHV-1 in a murine model for the equine disease. This paper describes the isolation of a series of mutants resistant to the drug. Resistance was demonstrated in cell culture and one mutant was tested in a murine model. The resistant mutant was pathogenic for mice; infectious virus was recovered from respiratory tissues and blood at levels similar to the parental virus. However, the mutant showed a significant degree of resistance in vivo, thus proving the viru...
Effects of hemolysis and storage on quantification of hormones in blood samples from dogs, cattle, and horses. Veterinary diagnostic endocrinology laboratories frequently receive hemolyzed plasma, serum, or blood samples for hormone analyses. However, except for the previously reported harm done by hemolysis to canine insulin, effects of hemolysis on quantification of other clinically important hormones are unknown. Therefore, these studies were designed to evaluate effects of hemolysis on radioimmunoassay of thyroxine, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine, progesterone, testosterone, estradiol, cortisol, and insulin in equine, bovine, and canine plasma. In the first experiment, hormones were measured in plasma obt...
Bone abscess in the mandible of a quarter horse gelding. A 4-year-old Quarter horse gelding presented with a swelling in the soft tissues over the junction of the body and ramus of the left mandible. Radiography showed a well circumscribed lytic area within the mandible surrounded by sclerosis unassociated with any tooth. Aspiration of the lesion yielded pus. The abscess cavity was opened, curetted and lavaged. A Penrose drain was placed in the abscess cavity for 10 days. Bacteriological culture of the exudate and soft tissues from the abscess produced a few colonies of Staphylococcus intermedius. Histopathology showed chronic pyogenic infection. Th...
Bovine laminitis: clinical aspects, pathology and pathogenesis with reference to acute equine laminitis. This review deals with the features of clinical and subclinical laminitis in cattle. Prominent clinical signs of acute laminitis are a tender gait and arched back. The sole horn reveals red and yellowish discolourations within five days. In subacute and chronic cases clinical signs are less severe. In chronic laminitis the shape of the claws is altered. Laminitis is frequently followed by sole ulceration and white zone lesions. Blood tests showed no significant changes for laminitic animals. Arteriographic studies of claws affected by laminitis indicated that blood vessels had narrowed lumens....
Maternal antibodies against equine influenza virus in foals and their interference with vaccination. Foals that were born to mares vaccinated twice a year against influenza had moderate to high haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers at 24 hours after birth. The foals were vaccinated at six and ten weeks of age, and again at three to five months after birth. Four months after the third vaccination no antibodies against A/H7N7 and A/H3N8 influenza viruses were detected in these foals. Thus, maternal antibodies probably prevented the development of antibodies against equine influenza virus after vaccination. Foals born to the same mares one year later were monitored to determine the rate o...
Evaluation of transabdominal ultrasound-guided amniocentesis in the late gestational mare. Serial transabdominal amniocentesis was performed on eight mares in late gestation. Ultrasonography was used to identify the two placental fluid sacs and the foetus. A biopsy guide attached to the transducer allowed visualisation of the needle path during insertion. Amniotic fluid was obtained in 85 per cent of the attempts, although as mares approached parturition substantial pools of amniotic fluid were more difficult to locate. Two mares aborted during the study probably because of complications of the procedures, whereas six mares produced normal foals at term. The abortions preclude clini...
Injuries caused by animals. Injuries caused by animals and treated at the University Hospital of Umeå were analysed. Dogs caused nearly one-half of the injuries, while horses caused one-third of the injuries and the highest number of fractures. The 'cost' of treatment and sickness benefit was fairly evenly distributed between horse-, cattle-, and dog-related injuries. The average 'cost' per injured person was, however, highest in those injured in cattle accidents and moose-car collisions. The impact of animal-related injuries on the health care and social security systems was similar to occupational accidents and car ac...
Interleukin-1-like activity in synovial fluids and sera of horses with arthritis. Synovial fluid samples of horses with osteoarthritis were investigated to detect interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity which could contribute to the disease pathogenesis. Of the 32 samples tested, 12 (37.5 per cent) showed an augmented phytohaemagglutinin induced proliferation of C3H/HeJ mouse thymocytes. Positive results were also seen in horses with infected arthritis, osteochondritis, traumatic arthritis and undefined synovial effusions. Normal synovial fluid and sera from all groups failed to show any detectable IL-1 activity. Fractionation of synovial fluid showed that the IL-1 activity was in th...
Viscoelastic shear properties of the equine medial meniscus. Recent studies have shown that the meniscus is highly anisotropic in tension and that its compressive creep behavior can be modeled using biphasic theory. In this study, an alternative approach is used, where viscoelastic shear properties of the meniscal fibrocartilage are measured to determine the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of this tissue with respect to specimen location and fiber orientation. Medial menisci were obtained from eight skeletally-mature horses. Nine test specimens were taken from the circumferential midsubstance of each meniscus, at three circumferential and three axial posit...
Evidence for non-siderophore-mediated acquisition of transferrin-bound iron by Pasteurella multocida. Two clinical isolates of Pasteurella multocida associated with bovine pneumonia were examined for iron acquisition. Both isolates were capable of obtaining iron for growth from bovine but not from human, avian, equine or porcine transferrin. This correlated with specific binding of bovine transferrin by iron-limited cells or isolated membranes. No siderophore was detected in the strains by a general screening assay. In response to iron-limited conditions, a number of high molecular mass iron-regulated outer membrane proteins were produced including an 82 kDa receptor protein which was affinity...
[LDH and CK isoenzyme patterns in the blood plasma of horses with elevated CK, LDH and AST activities]. The distribution of LDH and CK isoenzymes in blood plasma of ten clinically sound Thoroughbreds with reasonable performance and without elevated clinico-chemical blood variables (reference group) was compared with 57 Thoroughbreds, which had histories of mild locomotor disturbances and/or poor performance and had elevated CK, LDH and/or AST activities (trial group). The trial group was subdivided according to the number of altered blood variables and in the groups with two as well as three altered blood variables also according to the extent of alteration of the total CK activity. The pattern ...
Affinity purification and sequence determination of equine relaxin. Relaxin, a polypeptide hormone normally associated with pregnancy, has been purified from many species, and the sequence determined for a growing number. Equine relaxin has been previously purified by acetone extraction, gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatographies. In an attempt to develop a more rapid and efficient method for relaxin purification, the use of affinity chromatography coupled with HPLC was explored. Monoclonal antibodies were raised against highly purified equine relaxin; large quantities of antibody were obtained by ascites production and attached to a solid phase support...
[GGT activity in the blood serum of newborn foals after the absorption of a non-species specific colostrum preparation]. Eight vital, new-born foals were additionally administered a non-species-specific colostrum-substitute via stomach-tube within the first 18 hours of their life. The substitute had been made of cattle-colostrum. These foals as well as a control-group of eight foals constantly had free access to maternal colostrum. Object of measurement was GGT-activity in the blood-serum. The increase of GGT-activity within the first 24 hours after birth was very low in the control-group (up to 25 U/l), and very high in the tested animals (418 +/- 182 U/l). Obviously there is a direct connection between this ri...
Desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor muscle in equine cadaver limbs. Effects of longitudinal compression before and after transection of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor (SDF) muscle were measured in eight equine cadaver forelimbs. When compression was increased from 890 N to 3115 N, the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and carpal joints hyperextended 20 degrees and 4 degrees, respectively, and strain in the SDF and deep digital flexor tendons was increased 3.5% and 1.4%, respectively. The accessory ligament did not elongate. Immediately after transection of the accessory ligament at 3115 N load, a 2.8 mm gap formed between the transected ends ...
