Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Pearson H, Pinsent PJ, Polley LR, Waterman A.Four cases of fatal diaphragmatic rupture in the horse are described. In 2 cases there was no history of injury but the other 2 animals had sustained recent thoracic trauma. Three of the horses had signs of colic and bowel obstruction complicated, in 2 cases, by respiratory embarrassment; the fourth died rapidly, presumably of shock. Previously published cases are reviewed and the causes, clinical effects, diagnosis and treatment of the disorder are discussed.
Akkmeteli MA.Although mycotoxicoses attract more and more attention, the epidemiology of these diseases is still not adequately studied. The author devotes his study to certain diseases. In addition to the diseases whose mycotoxic nature is in no doubt, he conditionally includes certain diseases whose mycotoxic causation needs further proof. The author has assigned stachybotryotoxicosis and alimentary toxic aleukia or fusariotoxicosis to the first category and endemic nephropathy and primary liver-cell carcinoma to the second. His intention in adopting this approach is to establish the common features and ...
A method of inhalation anaesthesia using diethyl ether, following induction with thiopentone, is described in ponies. The high concentrations of ether needed to maintain anaesthesia were obtained by using a Marrett head in circle vaporizer. This methods would only be used in ponies, since the diameter of the tubing is too small for use on larger horses.
Mennella MR, Jones MR.The activity of 5'-nucleotidase (EC 1.3.5), cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 2.1.4.17), non-specific phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.1) and ribonuclease (EC 1.7.7.16)has been investigated in the seminal plasma of whole semen and in the secretions of the seminal vesicle, prostate and epididymis of the bull, boar, ram, stallion, jackass, rabbit and man. Bull seminal plasma showed the highest activity for 5'-nucleotidase, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and ribonuclease; in contrast, stallion and jackass semen were very poor in these enzymes. Ram, rabbit and boar seminal plasma showed inte...
Takizawa T, Ito T.Supposing two mathematical models, additive and multiplicative, the authors estimated the secular trends of annual morbidities (1949 approximately 1975) of twelve infectious diseases of domestic animals. For each diseases ten different trend curves were fitted. It was found that five regression equations, namely, those for bovine trichomoniasis, bovine tuberculosis, equine infectious anemia, pullorum disease in chickens, and foulbrood, gave the coefficient of determination of 97.9, 92.7, 91.0, 93.5, and 85.2%, respectively. Four of them were multiplicative, and the remaining one for equine inf...
Port CD, Ketels KV, Coffin DL, Kane P.Normal lung architecture of the rat, mouse, hamster, horse, and human was compared to that of emphysematous lungs from the same species by utilizing a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results obtained by SEM examination of normal and emphysematous lungs corresponded to those obtained with the light microscope. However, the SEM provided a view of alveoli and airway morphology not obtainable with the light microscope. Because of the variability in pore size and number of pores per alveolus, a pore-to-alveolus ratio was determined with the SEM on the normal lungs of ...
Sutie JW.Animals normally ingest small amounts of fluorides in their diet with no adverse effect. An increased ingestion of fluoride can be harmful to animals, and grazing animals can be damaged by the consumption of high-fluoride vegetation. Cattle have been the species most commonly affected, and the symptoms of excessive fluoride ingestion in that species include; lesions in the developing dentition, skeletal lesions, lameness, chemical evidence of tissue fluoride ingestion in that species include: lesions in the developing take and decrease in production. The level of fluoride which can be tolerate...
Ek N.The Pr protein, which is one of the major equine acidic prealbumins and which consists of a large number of phenotypes, has been studied with regard to its chemical identity. Serum samples of known Pr phenotype which had been treated with varying amounts of bovine trypsin were subjected to starch gel electrophoresis at pH 4.8. When a certain amount of trypsin was used, the Pr protein was markedly affected, whereas the other acidic prealbumins retained their normal electrophoreitic pattern. Extracts from three different regions of the acidic prealbumin field were tested by the casein precipitat...
Bowen JM, Gaboury C, Bousquet D.A case of uterine torsion is described and its correction under general anaesthesia by a method described by Schaffer for the cow. The degree of torsion was 180 degrees and in a clockwise direction. After correction the foal was found to be alive and in anterior presentation and ventral position; it was born normally 84 days later.
Atkins DT, Harms PG, Sorensen AM, Fleeger JL.5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione was isolated from pooled pregnant mare serum using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and identified by the use of radioimmunoassay, gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. 5beta-pregnane-3,20-dione was not cross-reactive with the radioimmunoassay system and was not detected by gas-liquid chromatography. Peripheral blood levels of progesterone and 5alphs-pregnane-3,20-dione were determined by radioimmunoassay in four Quarter Horse mares for the first 150 days of gestation. Progesterone and 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione decli...
Wilson WD, Spensley MS, Baggot JD, Hietala SK, Pryor P.The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ticarcillin and clavulanate were determined after intravenous (i.v.) or intramuscular (i.m.) administration of ticarcillin disodium (50 mg/kg) combined with clavulanate potassium (1.67 mg/kg) to groups of healthy foals at 3 days and 28 days of age. After i.v. administration of the combination to five foals, the disposition kinetics of ticarcillin and clavulanate were best described using a two-compartment open model. Mean plasma elimination-rate constant (beta) and clearance (ClB) for ticarcillin were significantly less (P less than 0.01), and volume...
Fernández H, Notario R, Gambande T, Borda N, Rivera S.A semiprepared medium containing horse globular lysate was evaluated for the isolation of Campylobacter under two incubation atmospheres (5% O2 and candle jar). Studying 19 known strains of C. jejuni, 151 human and 230 animal fecal samples. They were seeded on conventional medium (MC) and on the new medium (MLG) and incubated at 42 degrees C for 24 and 48 h. Campylobacter strains grew better in 5% O2 atmosphere after 48 h of incubation. All the strains that grew or were isolated on MC, could also grow in MLG incubation in candle jar. Campylobacter was isolated from human fecal samples with the...
Kosec M, Mrkun J.Methods for elimination of one of two embryos in twin pregnancies of mares were studied. Transvaginal ultrasound guided punction of yolk sac or allantoic cavity with fluid aspiration was used. Punction was done in 8 mares, pregnant between 22 and 46 days. In six cases, pregnancy did continue normally with one embryo only while in two cases, both embryos died following the procedure.
Hinrichs K, Choi YH.Embryo cryopreservation presents an essential method for banking of valuable genetics. However, in equine species the cryopreservation of embryos is complicated by three interacting factors: (1) the late entry of the embryo into the uterus (~6 days after ovulation); (2) the rapid expansion of the blastocyst; and (3) the formation of the equine embryonic capsule, a glycoprotein membrane that forms between the embryo and zona. Efforts to freeze or vitrify equine expanded blastocysts were initially met with little success. In addition, it was thought that breaching the capsule led to loss of embr...
Brownlow MA, Turner DM, Hutchins DR.An inhalation anaesthetic apparatus for the horse is described and the physiological concepts pertaining to its design presented. The internal diameter of all breathing components is 6.2 cm with no change in cross sectional area throughout the circle system. The soda lime capacity is 25 litres (approximately 20 kg). In the horse, which is apparently predisposed to alveolar hypoventilation during inhalation anaesthesia, it is apparent that adequate anaesthetic apparatus design should be directed towards minimising resistance and dead space and providing maximal and efficient carbon dioxide elim...
van Leeuwen W.A number of findings on twin pregnancies in mares recently reported in the literature are evaluated in the present paper. From these findings it emerges that twin pregnancies in mares very rarely develop from a synchronous (less than 2 days apart) double ovulation but rather from an asynchronous (much greater than 2 days apart) double ovulation. The significance of these findings in daily practice is pointed out. Moreover, it was found that in more than 50 per cent of the cases in which twin pregnancies had been diagnosed about day 20, one embryo had died by day 36. From this fact it is conclu...
Mullaney TP, Brown CM, Watson GL, Brandt LA.An apparently new and emerging fatal hepatic disease affecting foals is described. Characteristics included evidence of hepatic failure, marked biliary hyperplasia, hepatocellular necrosis and occasionally fibrosis. Generally, the features of the disease appear to differ markedly from other hepatic diseases of neonatal foals.
Yu MH, Kasem S, Yoshizaki N, Pagamjav O, Yamaguchi T, Ohya K, Fukushi H.EUL47 is a major component of the tegument of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1). To determine its function, we used Red/ET cloning to delete its gene (gene 13) from EHV-1 strain Ab4p inserted into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), yielding Ab4pattBΔ13. We also examined the reverted virus (Ab4pattB13R). Ab4pattBΔ13 replicated in rabbit kidney (RK)-13 cells, indicating that ORF13 is dispensable for virus replication in cell culture. Its intracellular and extracellular titers were about 10- and 100-fold lower than those of the revertant and parent strains, respectively. In addition, the plaqu...
Abraham G, Broddet OE, Ungemach FR.In this study, beta-adrenoceptors of intact equine lymphocytes were identified and subclassified by (-)-[125I]-iodocyanopindolol (ICYP) binding. ICYP binding to intact equine lymphocytes was rapid, saturable (maximal number of binding sites 320 +/- 20 ICYP binding sites/cell, n = 12) and of high affinity (KD value for ICYP 14.4 +/- 1.7 pmol/l, n = 12). Binding was stereospecific as shown by the 10 times greater potency of (-)-propranolol to inhibit binding than its (+)-isomer. Beta-adrenoceptor agonists inhibited ICYP binding with an order of potency: (-)-isoprenaline >(-)-adrenaline >(-...
Guan F, Uboh CE, Soma LR, You Y, Liu Y, Li X.Androgenic and anabolic steroids (AASs) are a class of chemical substances closely related to testosterone in molecular structure. They can be abused to enhance performances in human and equine athletes, and are banned by the sports authorities. To assist with method development for doping analyses of AASs, investigations were conducted to correlate their product ion profiles with the molecular structures. Although very similar in chemical structure, AASs generated noticeably different product ion profiles from collision-induced dissociation (CID). On the basis of both outlines of the product ...
Bampidis V, Azimonti G, Bastos ML, Christensen H, Dusemund B, Fašmon Durjava M, Kouba M, López-Alonso M, López Puente S, Marcon F, Mayo B....Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of vitamin K1 (phytomenadione) produced by chemical synthesis when used as a nutritional additive in complementary feed of horses at a maximum supplemental level of 14 mg vitamin K1/horse per day. The use of vitamin K1 is safe when used as a feed additive for horses under the proposed conditions of use. The use of vitamin K1 in nutrition of horses under the proposed co...
