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Topic:Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine for horses encompasses the study and application of medical practices to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases in equine species. This field involves a comprehensive understanding of equine anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Veterinary practitioners employ a range of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions to address health issues in horses, including lameness, gastrointestinal disorders, respiratory conditions, and infectious diseases. Preventative care, such as vaccination and deworming programs, is also a significant aspect of equine veterinary medicine. This page gathers peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore various aspects of veterinary medicine as it pertains to horses, including advancements in diagnostic techniques, treatment protocols, and preventive health strategies.
Snakebite in the horse. Four cases of snakebite in horses are presented. Diagnosis was made on clinical signs in all, plus fang punctures in 2 cases. Tiger snake antivenene was used in the treatment of 2 patients and these recovered rapidly. Of the 2 in which antivenene was not used, 1 severely affected horse died. The clinical signs which were observed were those of progressive general paralysis and were entirely referable to the neurotoxic component of the venom.
Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in North America in 1971: vertebrate field studies. Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in North America in 1971: vertebrate field studies. Am J Epidemiol 101:36-50, 1975.-In June 1971, epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) invaded the lower Rio Grande Valley in south Texas. The Boca Chica area of Cameron County was selected as a study site to investigate vertebrate involvement in the natural cycle of epidemic VEE on the basis of considerable evidence of VEE virus activity there in equines, humans, and mosquito vectors. Only one VEE virus isolation was made from 4739 wild and domestic non-equine vertebrates, although numerous equine...
Studies on the dynamics of Strongyloides egg release under stud conditions. The eggs of Strongyloides westeri were found in the faeces of the foals from the 16th day of their life, with a peak in their numbers between the 30th and 40th day of life. Egg release ceased in all foals irrespective of their date of birth in the months July-August. Parallel examinations of the mares were negative. Recommendations for the control of strongyloidosis in foals are given.
Cobalt metabolism in horse. Serum level and biosynthesis of vitamin B12. The levels of serum vitamin B were determined on 16 mature partly warm-blooded, partly Finnish rural-race horses by the radioisotopic competitive inhibition assay method. The mean value from three samplings carried out in dupli- or triplicate was 1.54 ± 0.16 ng/ml. The utilization of serum inorganic cobalt for cyanocobalamin synthesis was studied on two geldings, which received a dose of 200 µCi CoGl i.v. A Sephadex G-100 gel filtration was carried out with the serum proteins from serial blood samplings at different time intervals 15 min. to 48 hrs. after administration. The gel filtration s...
Thermography in veterinary medicine. Thermography in veterinary medicine has hitherto been proven to be a method of great value in the detection of orthopaedic lesions in racehorses. Lesions of the musculo-skeletal system affecting tendons, joints, bones and skeletal muscle can be demonstrated and documented at an early stage thereby preventing the development of more serious lesions.
Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in North America in 1971: vector studies. A major epidemic of Venezuelan equine encephalitis occurred in south Texas in the summer of 1971. More than 1500 equines died of VEE in Texas, and 110 human cases with no deaths were reported. Vector studies in south Texas and northern Tamaulipas revealed that the overall mosquito infection rates during the peak of the epidemic were about 1:100, one of the highest rates observed for a major epidemic. Mosquito infection rates of this magnitude could easily explain the intensity of VEE outbreaks in both equines and man. A total of 943 VEE virus isolations were made from mosquitoes. Eight of the ...
Systolic time intervals in domestic ponies: alterations in a case of coarctation of the aorta. This report describes the measurement of systolic time intervals in a nine year old female domestic pony which was found at necropsy to show coarctation of the aorta and bilateral ventricular hypertrophy. Electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and direct arterial blood pressure were recorded from the pony in a standing unmedicated state and systolic time intervals were measured from the resulting tracings. A prolongation of left ventricular ejection time and shortening of the pre-ejection period were observed in comparison to a group of normal ponies similarly examined. Such changes are consistent...
Epidemiology of equine streptococci. Equine tonsillar tissue and the draining regional lymph nodes, as well as deep nasal swabs were examined bacteriologically. Group C streptococci, predominantly Streptococcus zooepidemicus, were shown to be present in all tissues. The most frequent site for isolation was the tonsil. Streptococcus equi was not located in any of the tissues sampled.
Viral respiratory infections of horses: structure and function of lungs in relation to viral infection. Since the advent of cell culture techniques, numerous viruses have been shown to be related to respiratory diseases in horses. Although the viruses differ in many ways, they cause disease with some common characteristics. This report is a summary of some of the available material from written sources and from personal observations. It is intended to help explain some of the changes observed in viral-induced respiratory disease.
[Contribution to the antigenic study of influenza viruses in animals. I.–Neuraminidase of the equine influenza viruses (author’s transl)]. From the Revised Nomenclature of WHO, the fowl influenza virus A/Duck/Ukraine/63 (Hav7 Neq2) has the same neuraminidase as the equine virus A/equi 2/Miami/63 (Heq2 Neq2); the A/Chicken Germany "N"/49 virus has the same neuraminidase as the equine virus A/equi 1/Prague/56. A comparative study of the antigenic specificities confirms that the Neq2 neuraminidases are closely connected, whatever their animal origin, and that the fowl strain Hav7 Neq2 can be used for the titration of anti Neq2 antibodies in the serums of animals immunized with the equine virus Heq2 Neq2. The Neqi neuraminidases of v...
[Cecal motricity and ceco-iliac transit in the horse]. Electrical spiking activity of the caecum is increased eight-fold and the rate of passage of digesta is increased four-fold when the volume of caecal contents is doubled. The role of caecal motility in regulating the volume of caecal contents is discussed.
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in the pony. Hemodynamic measurements were made in 6 ponies at low altitude (Madison, WI, altitude, 250 m) and after 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks at high altitude (Climax, CO, altitude, 3,400 m). The salient findings were that ponies maintain an increased heart rate and cardiac output and develop significant pulmonary hypertension at high altitude. The average control resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (BPpul) was 25.1 mm of Hg at 250 m; this value increased to 56.3 mm of Hg after 6 weeks at 3,400 m. An additional finding was that the pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia seemed to increase with time at...
[Various indices of microclimate in the newly built and re-adapted stables for race horses]. A study was performed to examine microclimate in 14 stables belonging to 10 horsemen's teams and clubs; five of these houses were new-built. In five race-horse stables housing 16 horses each, on an average, where the optimum air temperature ranged from 10 degrees C to 12 degrees C, measurements and examinations were performed in the winter period and the following results were obtained: space per 1 horse housed 42.9 plus or minus 8.7 m-3, relative air humidity 74.3 plus or minus 3.8%, CO2 concentration 0.175 plus or minus 0.027%, NH3 concentration 0.00135 plus or minus 0.00044%. A large majori...
Renal clearance and excretion of endogenous substances in the small pony. Renal clearance and excretion of endogenous substances were studied in 13 small adult ponies (152 plus or minus 93 (standard deviation (SD)) kg). Normal data of serum and urinary concentrations, clearance, and excretion of creatinine, osmolality, free water, sodium, potassium, and chloride during a 12-hour period are presented. Significant linear regressions on body weight (BW) were obtained for creatinine clearance (Ccr (ml/hr) = 127.2 times BW (kg) - 1553), osmolar clearance (Cosm(ml/hr) = 1.81 times BW (kg) m0.3), and free water (CH2O(ml/hr) = - 1.43 BW (kg) - 25.0). Compared with renal exc...
Cytology of tracheobronchial aspirates in horses. Tracheobronchial aspirates were obtained from 27 normal horses and from 57 horses with respiratory disease. Aspirates from normal horses contained mainly ciliated columnar epithelial cells, mononuclear cells, a few neutrophils and mucus. Aspirates from horses with acute suppurative bronchopneumonias or chronic bronchiolitis had predominantly neutrophils and usually large amounts of mucus; in severe suppurative inflammatory diseases, many of the cells were degenerated, and there were coils of fibrinous material resembling Curschmann's spirals. Eosinophils were rarely found, even from horses wit...
