Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Waller T, Rubarth S.The study comprises 49 dogs, 2 horses, and 2 cows with haemangioendothelioma, which have been subjected to autopsy over a period of 26 years. Most of the dogs were old, and there is an over-representation of male dogs. The results also indicate that the Alsation breed of dog is particularly susceptible to these tumours, as is the Boxer to some extent. The disease was in most cases of short duration and the most common clinical symptoms were sluggishness, fever, generalized anaemia, breathing difficulties, increased thirst, and leuco-cytosis. Most of the dogs fell ill and were subjected to auto...
Friis NF, Bech J.Döhle bodies were observed in a horse suffering from a chronic pleurisy. The bodies were demonstrated in about 80 % of the neutro-phils in blood smears prepared during an acute flare-up of the disease. One to 4 bodies were found in each cell, situated in the periphery of the cytoplasm. The size of the bodies was 1–3 μ and the shape rodlike or oval. They stained blue with M-G-G. Blood smears were examined from 50 horses suffering from various diseases, but Döhle bodies could not be demonstrated in any of these cases. Döhle-Körperchen wurden bei einem Pferd mit chronischer Pleuritis beoba...
Böttiger LE.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total protein and fibrinogen, electrophoretic protein pattern, and total serum protein-bound carbohydrates have been determined in a number of domestic animals and compared to human values. The striking finding is that although the E.S.R. varies widely between various species, the fibrinogen content is of the same order of magnitude in all. The horse, which shows a very high E.S.R., has a well marked beta-globulin fraction as an outstanding feature, a finding that should be further studied. Blutsenkungsgeschwindigkeit, Gesamteiweiss und Fibrinogen, elektroforeti...
Ozawa Y, Bahrami S.Formalized African horse-sickness (AHS) type 9 virus cultivated in monkey kidney stable (MS) cell cultures was experimentally used for immunizing horses. Inactivated vaccines prepared either from viscerotropic or neurotropic type 9 AHS virus produced antibodies in vaccinated horses. Immunity developed in all horses vaccinated with various amounts of the vaccine, and protected them from infection, when challenged 5 weeks after vaccination.
Keller SA, Valet S, Martens A, Weisse B, Fürst AE, Kümmerle JM. The aim of this study was to evaluate cyclic fatigue behaviour of a new pin with a thread run-out design in comparison with three other types of pins commonly used for equine transfixation pin casting. Methods: Twenty-four pairs of equine cadaveric third metacarpal bones (MC3) equipped with one transfixation pin placed horizontally in the distal metaphysis were tested using a simplified model, mimicking the biomechanical situation of equine transfixation pin casting. A 6.3/8.0-mm Imex Duraface pin with thread run-out design (ITROP) was compared with a 6.1-mm smooth Steinmann pin (SSP), a...
Benoit M, Lingen K, Taddei LM, Heffron BT, Hurt L, Lokanc JA, Lingner K, Cardenas E, Flores S, Mayer D, Pilipiak D, Folker-Calderon D, Negrusz A.Pyrilamine (mepyramine) is an H1-receptor antagonist used in human and veterinary medicine. It has the potential to produce central nervous system effects in horses and therefore may have some impact on an outcome of a horse race. A single oral dose of pyrilamine (300 mg/horse) was given to three animals. Serum samples were collected before drug administration and at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h, and 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 days post-administration. Urine samples were collected at 0-1, 1-2, 2-4, 4-6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h, and 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 days ...
Mohr E, Krzywanek H, Pinkowski W.Monitoring training by measuring blood lactate content is a well-known procedure in sports physiology. Because of the difficulties in standardizing a test procedure in field studies, this method is fraught with considerable problems when applying it to race horses. The aim of the present study was to develop a test procedure which is able to give evidence about the training state of different race horses after nonidentical test-loads. Under almost identical environmental conditions, the level of blood lactate was determined in five trotters which were kept in training. Immediately after the si...
Roth TL, White KL, Thompson DL, Horohov DW.It has been proposed that PGE2 is an important immunosuppressant acting at the fetal-maternal interface during pregnancy. We have previously shown that horse conceptus-conditioned medium suppresses lymphocyte proliferation. This experiment was designed to determine if horse conceptus-derived immunosuppressive activity could be attributed to PGE2 production by the trophoblast tissue. Trophoblast tissue from 21-day-old conceptuses was cut into equal sections and cultured in the presence or absence of the prostaglandin inhibitor, indomethacin. Following culture, immunosuppressive activity and the...
Grześkowiak Ł, Riedmüller J, Vahjen W, Zentek J.Storage procedures are known to affect the detectability of toxins in equine and human feces. We assessed the impact of different storage conditions on the detectability of toxins in swine feces. Specimens were inoculated with toxins, 112 ng/g of toxin A (TcdA) and 16 ng/g of toxin B (TcdB) and subjected to the following 3 storage treatments: 4°C, -30°C, repetitive freezing at -30°C and thawing. Toxin determination was assessed at 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 d with ELISA. A decrease in concentrations of TcdA with time was observed for samples stored at 4°C and repetitive freezing-thawing ( ≤0....
Lauková A, Styková E, Focková V, Maďar M.Nowadays, developed more precisious identification techniques have allowed to validate newer enterococcal species. Among them, the species Enterococcus moraviensis was also validated, at first from surface waters. However, in this study, characteristics and potential to bacteriocin production by the strain E. moraviensis EMo 1-1Nik isolated from buccal mucosa of Slovak warm-blood horse breed has been studied. BLASTn analysis allotted this strain to the species E. moraviensis with percentage identity BLASTn 16S rRNA sequence in the strain up to 100% (99.93% similarity with E. moraviensis NR1139...
Bickhardt K, Carstensen CA.The Reflotron-CK test was evaluated with blood samples of healthy and diseased pigs, sheep, cattle, horses and dogs in relation to the standard CK-NAC test (UV-method). The precision within the series on the day of blood sampling was better than VK = 7.5% (coefficient of variation) with both methods. The day to day precision was estimated by using deep frozen plasma and was in the same order of magnitude with the Reflotron-CK and the UV-method (CV less than 10%). While fresh whole blood of sheep, cattle, horses and dogs respectively should be applied directly onto the dry reagent carrier with ...
Elcombe ME, Bellone RR, Magdesian KG, Finno CJ.Equine familial isolated hypoparathyroidism (EFIH) and fragile foal syndrome (FFS) are both fatal recessive conditions reported in Thoroughbred foals. The causal variants for EFIH (RAPGEF5 c.2624C>A; EquCab3.0. chr4: g.54108297G>T) and FFS (PLOD1 c.2032G>A; EquCab3.0, chr2: g.39927817) were recently reported. Prevalence assessment for these variants in a large cohort of samples is needed to provide evidence-based recommendations for genetic testing. Objective: To estimate the frequency of the EFIH and FFS variant alleles in the United States Thoroughbred population between 1988 and 20...
Yorke EH, Judy CE, Saveraid TC, McGowan CP, Caldwell FJ.Distal border fragments of the navicular bone are increasingly being detected due to the improved capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but their clinical significance remains unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the location, size, and frequency of fragments in a cohort of horses presented for MRI of the foot and to compare MRI findings with severity of lameness. Archived MRI studies and medical records were searched from March 2006 to June 2008. Horses were included if a distal border fragment of the navicular bone was visible in MRI scans. Confidence ...
Fisher K, Dodam J, Bailey J, Thombs L, Hodgson D, Bukoski A.To compare PaO2 and PaCO2 in horses recovering from general anesthesia maintained with either apneustic anesthesia ventilation (AAV) or conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV). Methods: Randomized, crossover design. Methods: A total of 10 healthy adult horses from a university-owned herd. Methods: Dorsally recumbent horses were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen [inspired oxygen fraction = 0.3 initially, with subsequent titration to maintain PaO2 ≥ 85 mmHg (11.3 kPa)] and ventilated with AAV or CMV according to predefined criteria [10 mL kg-1 tidal volume, PaCO2 40-45 mmHg (5.3-6.0 kP...
McIlwraith CW.The article discusses the key findings and discussions from the fifth Welfare and Safety of the Racehorse Summit. This summit presented several ways in which data collection and analysis can […]
Whan G, Runciman RJ, Hurtig M.Whole bone in vitro biomechanical compressive testing can be complicated by three factors: sample asymmetry, heterogeneous material properties, and unknown effective centroid location. Methods: The technique presented here facilitates the calculation of effective centroid position, modulus of elasticity and equivalent uniform strain magnitude for a cross section of bone from a simple whole bone compressive test. Simplification of section response to load is achieved through a combination of linear beam and simple planer geometry theory. The technique requires three longitudinal strain gauges b...
Bishop J, Heffron B, Taddei L, Benoit M, Hurt L, Costello S, Gross M, Negrusz A.Clenbuterol (CLE) is used in horses as a bronchodilator and for its anabolic steroid-like effects. CLE is a Class 3 drug according to current Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI) Uniform Classification Guidelines. The Racing Medication and Testing Consortium recommended a urine CLE threshold of 140 pg/mL after careful scientific review of the results of studies describing the disposition of CLE in the horse and this threshold was adopted by the ARCI. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was previously used to screen samples for CLE in Illinois, but could not detect such low co...
Chavatte-Palmer P, Duchamp G, Palmer E, Ousey JC, Rossdale PD, Lombès M.Progesterone, oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in the uterus and mammary glands of pregnant mares during mid- to late gestation (from day 150 of gestation to term) were measured by binding assays to investigate the hormonal mechanisms involved in pregnancy maintenance and lactation. Uterine progesterone receptor concentrations did not increase significantly with increasing gestational age (from 67.8 +/- 13.7 to 126.1 +/- 48.7fmol mg(-1) protein), whereas oestrogen receptor concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant mares (271.7 +/- 28.9 fmol mg(-1) protein) than i...
Aubert MF.The author describes a method for evaluating the minimal number of diagnosis failures for each animal species (this diagnosis uses the Fluorescent Rabies Antibodies Test and mouse inoculation simultaneously). The percentage of well diagnosed rabid animals on total rabid ones is called sensibility of the diagnosis: it varies according to the species of animal examined: from 99.98% for the fox, to 98.61% for the horse. The percentage of errored negative diagnosis on total negative diagnosis is called infidelity of negative responses: it varies for each species according to the sensibility of the...
Borges LM, Ferreira LA, da Silva LS, de Oliveira RA, Mussi SV, Faria KA, Melo LS, Abud LJ, Costa GL, Soares SF.This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of a 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) lure to control Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae). Slow-release formulations of the pheromone formulated with and without cypermethrin were prepared. Olfactometer bioassays were used to define the best dose of the pheromone and to evaluate the effect of cypermethrin with 2,6-DCP attractiveness. Sexually active males were released 15 cm from 2 cmx1 cm pieces of polypropylene treated with different odors: 2,6-DCP in a liposphere system (1.5, 30 and 300 microg--without cypermethrin and 30...
Ogilvie GK, Engelking LR, Anwer MS.Ten horses, a pony, and 13 cats were used to evaluate base-line blood ammonia, bilirubin, and urea nitrogen concentrations and to determine The effects of prolonged cold storage (-20 degrees C) before assay. Base-line plasma ammonia concentrations in cats (0.992 +/- 0.083 [SE] micrograms/ml) did not change significantly after 48 hours of storage (0.871 +/- 0.073 micrograms/ml); however, they were increased 4.2- and 13-fold after 168 and 216 hours of storage, respectively. In contrast to base-line plasma-ammonia values in cats, those of horses were significantly (0.265 +/- 0.044 micrograms/ml) ...
Vyslouzil L, Seidl K, Svarcová J, Landsmannová V.A case history of mass foal disease which affected ten of the total stock of 50 foals and killed eight is described. The disease was characterized by respiratory disorders and extensive pneumonias with abscess formation, metastatic abscesses in mesenterial lymph nodes and in other organs. As a result of the examination of two dead foals and three nasal smears from diseased animals, gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the lungs, pulmonary and abdominal abscesses and the nasal smears of the affected foals; with their cultivation, morphological and biochemical characteristics these bacteria...
Rabinovsky ED, Yang TJ.A tumor antigen (TA) associated with murine leukemia-lymphoma L5178Y cells has been identified by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) techniques. The antigen was present in both non-solubilized and 0.5% NP-40 solubilized membrane extracts. Rabbit anti-L5178Y lymphoma serum (RALS), extensively absorbed with normal mouse tissues, identified TA in extracts of L5178Y lymphoma and L5178Y leukemia cells grown in horse serum (L5178Y/HS), but not in extracts of L5178Y cells grown in fetal calf serum (L5178Y/FCS). Similarly, absorbed rabbit anti-L5178Y/HS...
van de Lest CH, van den Hoogen BM, van Weeren PR, Brouwers JF, van Golde LM, Barneveld A.Osteochondrosis (OC) is a disturbance in the process of endochondral ossification, a process in which cartilage is mineralised and transformed into bone. In this process different biochemical events occur, of which the cartilage component has been studied so far almost exclusively. In this study we concentrated on the biochemical characterisation of normal and osteochondrotic subchondral bone, by analysis of enzyme activities, DNA content and phospholipids (PL). In subchondral bone, lysyl oxidase and both total and bone alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased in all degrees ...
Sitkowska J, Sitkowski W, Sitkowski Ł, Lutnicki K, Adamek Ł, Wilkołek P.Numerous studies focused on the bioaerosols in the areas of industry, agriculture and animal husbandry, concerning both residential and public buildings, have been conducted continuously for many years. The aim of the present work was to determine the concentration and composition of mesophilic bacterial flora in the air of selected medical and veterinary clinics located in the cities and in the countryside. Air sampling was carried out in 2011-2013 in 44 veterinary practices in autumn-winter and spring-summer seasons. The concentration of bacteria ranged from 39 - 5,034 cfu/m(3) , with higher...
López-Correa RD, Peñagaricano F, Rovere G, Urioste JI.The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of performance in a 750-km, 15-day ride in Criollo horses. Heritability (h2 ) and maternal lineage effects (mt2 ) were obtained for rank, a relative placing measure of performance. Additive genetic and maternal lineage (rmt) correlations among five medium-to-high intensity phase ranks (pRK) and final rank (RK) were also estimated. Individual records from 1,236 Criollo horses from 1979 to 2012 were used. A multivariate threshold animal model was applied to the pRK and RK. Heritability was moderate to low (0.156-0.275). Estimates of mt...
Bocking T, Singh B.The lung is a complex organ, and its physiology and immunology are regulated by various immune molecules and cells. Lung surfactant, a mixture of phospholipids and proteins produced by the bronchiolar and type II alveolar epithelial cells, is one such important player in lung physiology. Compared to knowledge about the biology of the surfactant in rodents and humans, only limited data are available on the surfactant in the horse. Although there are data linking levels of surfactant proteins with respiratory disease in the horse, there are no data on the cellular localization of surfactant prot...
Skelly-Smith E, Ireland J, Dyson S.There have been no detailed descriptions of the radiological appearance of the centrodistal joint interosseous ligament region in horses with and without distal tarsal joint pain. Objective: To describe the normal radiological appearance of the centrodistal joint interosseous ligament region; to determine the prevalence of mineralisation or ossification of the interosseous ligament; and to describe radiological abnormalities surrounding the interosseous space and concurrent radiological abnormalities in the tarsus. The association between interosseous ligament region abnormalities and radiolog...
During the last century and today, the Tennessee walking horse has been used primarily for pleasure and show competition. Unique and natural to the breed is a smooth four-beat “running walk” gait. In the 1950s the accentuated or exaggerated running walk, known as the “big lick” became popular at high-level competitions. The combination of exaggerated high-action step in front and long stride behind is still considered desirable in today's horse show competitions, and it is often achieved through soring. Soring is the practice of applying a substance or mechanical device to the lower li...
Nieforth LO, Kaufman S.Given the nature of horse-human interactions in equine-assisted services (EAS), death of a horse may have significant impacts. In this study, an online survey was distributed to EAS practitioners. The goal of the study was to explore the experiences of practitioners and identify the socioemotional processes that occur upon the death of an equine within an EAS program. Open-ended responses ( = 84) were analyzed qualitatively using a grounded theory and constant-comparative approach. Responses are situated into two themes (1) Processing the death of an equine and (2) Practical implications. Expe...
Esterl-Byrne LL, Huseman CJ, Haynes C, Kinman LA, Jones TN.The welfare of unwanted horses presents a significant concern for the equine industry. However, there is a lack of research on how unwanted horses are affected by major crises. The drastic changes that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic presented ample opportunity to investigate how unwanted horses are impacted by challenging circumstances. Study objectives were to evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the unwanted horse population and determine the current perceptions of horses in-transition. A 23-question online survey designed using Qualtrics was administered electronically to adults ...
Hewitt-Dedman CL, Kershaw LE, Schwarz T, Del-Pozo J, Duncan J, Daniel CR, Cillán-García E, Pressanto MC, Taylor SE.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to investigate metabolic changes within human bone. It may be possible to use MRS to investigate bone metabolism and fracture risk in the distal third metacarpal/tarsal bone (MC/MTIII) in racehorses. Objective: To determine the feasibility of using MRS as a quantitative imaging technique in equine bone by using the H spectra for the MC/MTIII to calculate fat content (FC). Methods: Observational cross-sectional study. Methods: Limbs from Thoroughbred racehorses were collected from horses that died or were subjected to euthanasia on racecourses...
