Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Slocombe JO, Cote JF.The anthelmintic canbendazole (CBZ), adminis-
tered in several formulations to horses in critical
trials, has been shown to have high effcacy
against intestinal nematodes (3, 4, 6). There are
two reports of field trials with CBZ (2, 5), and
although a large number of horses were involved,
the efficacies reported were for a restricted
number of nematodes. Recently, CBZ paste was
administered to horses in another field trial and
the findings on rxdatability, safety and efficacy
against a wide range of nematodes are presented.
Steffey EP, Howland D.The minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane which just prevented purposeful movement in response to electrical stimulation was determined in 11 young, healthy, unpremedicated horses breathing oxygen (O2) or nitrous oxide (N2O) and O2. Ventilation was controlled during these MAC studies. The arterial PO2 was always greater than 90 mm of Hg and the average PaCO2. range was 36 to 40 mm of Hg. The MAC for halothane in O2 was 0.93 vol %. Alveolar N2O concentrations of 25% and 50% reduced the halothane MAC about 12% and 25%, respectively. In 8 of these horses, the cardiovascular effects of...
Dixon PM.Horses clinically affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were found to have pulmonary artery hypertension which was associated with systemic arterial hypoxia. The pulmonary hypertension in symptomatic COPD-affected horses was partially reversible upon remission of clinical signs or by oxygen administration. The induction of acute hypoxaemia caused an increase in pulmonary artery pressure in both normal and COPD-affected horses.
Brown CM, Holmes JR.Using a catheter with 2 transducers, one mounted at the tip and one 9 cm proximal to it, enabled transvalval pressure waveforms to be recorded in 8 horses. A simultaneous electrocardiogram acted as a time base. The changing waveforms produced in the chambers of the heart and great vessels are described and related to the events of the cardiac cycle. The effect of second degree AV block, ectopic beats, a pan diastolic murmur and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are described.
Johnson JH, Amend JF, Franklin D, Garner HE.Ultrasonic dimension gauges were implanted in the crico-arytenoideus dorsalis muscle in a mature horse. Resting and contracted muscle length and average contraction rate were measured serially in the conscious state over a period of 25 days. Results suggest that specific laryngeal muscle function in the horse may be defined with this approach. Since man and horse are both known to suffer from laryngeal hemiplegia, this experimental preparation may help provide information of benefit to both species.
Rose RJ.The case histories of four horses with osteomyelitis involving the metacarpal and metatarsal bones are reviewed and the surgical treatments discussed. The horses recovered after curettage of all infected tissue and post operative drainage. The role of antibiotics in treatment is considered and reference is made to the acute treatment of deep wounds to avoid osteomyelitis.
Rice NR, Simek S, Ryder OA, Coggins L.Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) recently has been shown to possess a high-molecular-weight RNA genome and a virion reverse transcriptase. We completed the demonstration that EIAV is a retrovirus by showing the presence of proviral DNA in equine cells infected in vitro, but not in normal horse DNA. These studies were performed by using a highly representative cDNA probe synthesized by the virion polymerase. It was found that this cDNA reassociated extensively, and with high thermal stability, with either viral RNA or DNA extracted from infected cells, but showed no detectable reassociatio...
Klingeborn B, Dinter Z.Antibody to equid herpesvirus 1, which mediates single radial hemolysis, is that responsible for neutralization. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody is not necessarily involved in neutralization or hemolysis.
Ambache N, Killick SW.1 Graded motor responses were elicited in isolated, desheathed, thin strips of dog, horse, pig and sheep retractor penis (RP) muscles by field stimulation with trains of 0.2 ms pulses at 10 hertz. These twitches were shown to be neurogenic in all four species, by their prompt extinction in tetrodotoxin.2 alpha-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs abolished the contractile response to noradrenaline and to tyramine in all four species.3 Motor transmission was wholly adrenergic in the horse as in the dog RP because phentolamine rapidly abolished the electrically induced twitches in both these species; but...
Purdy CW, Porter RC, Ford SJ.Immunogenicity and safety of an equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) vaccine were studied in 111 foals varying in age from 1 to 122 days. Each of 88 principals was given 1 im injection of vaccine. Five of the 88 foals were revaccinated; 69 of the vaccinated principals and 23 nonvaccinated foals (serving as controls) were challenge exposed intranasally with virulent ehv-1.
The vaccine failed to cause adverse local or systemic reaction in 88 principals with serunirneutralization (sn) titers against ehv-1 varying between 0 to 1:256 at time of vaccination. After vaccination, the foals' body temperature...
Frost AB, Lindegaard C, Larsen F, Østergaard J, Larsen SW, Larsen C.In the area of parenteral depots, a strong need exists for the development of suitable in vitro drug release models that might enable establishment of in vitro-in vivo relations (IVIVRs). Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of establishing an IVIVR between morphine disappearance from the joint cavity and in vitro release data obtained employing the rotating dialysis cell model. Methods: In vitro release experiments were conducted using the rotating dialysis cell model. For establishment of an IVIVR, data from a previous study on pharmacokinetics of intra-a...
Taveiros AW, Oliveira MA, Lima PF, Tenório Filho F, Bartolomeu CC, Santos MH, Oliveira LR, Iunes-Souza TC, Freitas JC.Ten pluriparous mares were used as donors to supply embryos which were transferred into 103 recipients, 31 of which were nulliparous, 34 were pluriparous and lactating, and 38 were pluriparous and non-lactating. The embryos were recovered eight days after ovulation and pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound six days after the transfer; the length of the embryos was measured ultrasonographically on days 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 25 and 30 after the embryo transfer. One hundred and fifteen of 200 flushes provided embryos, 12 being degenerate and 103 being viable embryos. From the 103 embryo transfers c...
Swiderski CE, McClure JJ.The immune system is a complex interactive network. Defects in its function can be characterized broadly as being the result of actual deficiencies in the network or misdirection of normal immunologic functions. The assays that are available to detect deficiencies in the immunologic network barely scrape the surface of the possibilities. These assays primarily evaluate humoral immune function, but undetected defects in innate and cellular immunity are sure to exist. Although assays of humoral immunity have allowed the characterization of a number of immunodeficiency syndromes in horses, closer...
Kitchen H, Bunn HF.Studies were made of the O2 affinities of fetal and maternal haemoglobins in the horse, and correlations were found with erythrocytic levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.
Azzie MA.Contrary to common belief, Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus can be pathogenic to horses. History of cases of a particular stud, necropsy findings, diagnosis, and successful treatment with hexachlorophene and with dichlorvos are recorded. The presence of eggs can be established by a special flotation technique.
Stewart RH, Griffiths JP.In spinal cord disease of horses, a complete history, neurologic examination, and adjunctive diagnostic procedures are very helpful in establishing a tentative diagnosis; however, a definitive diagnosis may be difficult or impossible to establish antemortem. Medical management should be initiated with full consideration of possible etiologies and knowledge of the effects and consequences of medical therapies. This article discusses the drugs commonly used in the management of spinal cord disease and the rationale for their use.
Clément SF.This article discusses the clinical signs, etiology, management, and prognosis for the neonatal foal afflicted with a convulsive or allied syndrome.
Hackett MS, Hackett RP.Ten young horses with signs of simple partial obstruction of the small intestine were found upon surgical exploration of the abdomen to have chronic intussusception of the distal ileum into the cecum. Poor general physical condition, intermittent or continual abdominal pain of varying degree, depression, and poor appetite were consistent clinical findings. Rectal palpation in eight animals was suggestive of an incomplete or intermittent obstruction of the small intestine. Laboratory determinations were not helpful in making a diagnosis. Dilatation and hypertrophy of the distal jejunum and ileu...
Frey R, Lieb A.An outbreak of abortion due to the equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in the eastern part of Switzerland is reviewed. Seven of eleven pregnant mares aborted within twenty-three days in January 1989. Four weeks later another foal died a few minutes after parturition. Three mares delivered live foals in February, March and April without any complications. The examination of the eight dead foals revealed an EHV-1 Infection. The clinical signs and the pathology are discussed. Severe complications during the early post-parturient time are in contrast to the uncomplicated outcome mentioned by other author...
Cornelissen BP, Rijkenhuizen AB, Kersten W, Németh F.In chronical proximal sesamoid bone lameness it is difficult to localise the exact site of pain. A specific diagnostic analgesia is not available because of a deficiency of detailed information about the nerve supply to the proximal sesamoid bones and surrounding area. A macroscopic study of the nerve distribution to the proximal sesamoid bones of 10 foals and 5 adult horses revealed that these bones are innervated by two branches, in this study called the medial and lateral sesamoidean nerve, respectively, originating from the medial and lateral palmar nerve. Histology of the left forelimbs o...
Charnock LN, Boveland SD, Groover ES, Moore PA, McMullen RJ.Evaluate the effects of corneoconjunctival transposition (CCT), posterior lamellar keratoplasty (PLK) and modified deep lamellar endothelial keratoplasty (DLEK) on streak retinoscopy in equine cadaver eyes. Methods: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was maintained at 25 ± 3 mmHg in 35 equine cadaver eyes. Streak retinoscopy was performed prior to (NO VISCO) and following (VISCO) intracameral injection of 1.0 ml of viscoelastic. Following optical coherence tomography (OCT), an axial CCT [n = 11] or PLK [n = 12], or peripheral DLEK [n = 12] was performed. Streak retinoscopy and OCT were r...
Suwannachot P, Verkleij CB, Kocsis S, van Weeren PR, Evertst ME.The purpose of the present study was to determine whether training and detraining affect the Na+,K+-ATPase concentration in horse skeletal muscles, and whether these effects are specific for the muscles involved in the training programme. Twenty-four Dutch Warmblood foals age 7 days were assigned randomly to 3 groups: Box (box-rest without training), Training (box-rest with training: short-sprint) and Pasture (pasture without training). Exercise regimens were carried out for 5 months and were followed by 6 months of detraining. Five of the foals in each group were subjected to euthanasia at ag...
Cervantes DT, Ball JM, Edwards J, Payne S.Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) causes lifelong infections ranging from acutely fatal, to chronic, to asymptomatic. Within infected animals, EIAV is found as a quasispecies. Many experimental studies on EIAV, carried out in the U.S. over the past 70 years, have used either the highly virulent Wyoming (EIAVWYO) field strain or various derivatives of that strain. These infections have provided insights into the variety of genetic changes that accumulate in the env gene and LTR in experimentally infected horses. In the current study, we obtained EIAV sequences from blood samples collected f...
Bergfelt DR, Gastal EL, Ginther OJ.The increase in LH concentrations at the time of the decrease in FSH concentrations during follicle deviation in mares was studied to determine the role of LH in the production of estradiol and immunoreactive inhibin (ir-inhibin). Ten days after ovulation, all follicles > or =6 mm were ablated, prostaglandin F(2 alpha) was given, and either 0 mg (control group, n = 15) or 100 mg of progesterone in safflower oil (treated group, n = 16) was given daily for 14 days, encompassing the day of diameter deviation. The follicular and hormonal data were normalized to the expected day of the beginning...
Twele L, Neudeck S, Delarocque J, Verhaar N, Reiners J, Noll M, Tünsmeyer J, Kästner SBR.High-definition oscillometry (HDO) over the metatarsal artery (MA) in anaesthetised horses has not yet been evaluated. This study aimed to assess agreement between HDO and invasive blood pressure (IBP) at the metatarsal artery, and to evaluate compliance with the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) consensus guidelines. In this experimental study, 11 horses underwent general anaesthesia for an unrelated, terminal surgical trial. Instrumentation included an IBP catheter in one and an HDO cuff placed over the contralateral MA, as well as thermodilution catheters. Systolic ar...
