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Topic:Veterinary Research
Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Spasmolytic action of histamine in airway smooth muscle of horse. Histamine, 2-methylhistamine (a specific H1-agonist), 5-HT, PGF2alpha, SRS-A, bradykinin (BK) and carbachol contract bronchial and tracheal smooth muscles of the horse. Isoprenaline, PGE1, E2, dimaprit and 4-methylhistamine (last two = specific H2-agonists) relaxed airways which were partially contracted to carbachol. Mepyramine (a specific H1-antagonist) selectively antagonized contractions to histamine. In the presence of mepyramine, histamine caused relaxation of airways partially contracted to carbachol. Metiamide and burimamide (specific H2-antagonists) specifically antagonized or reverse...
Changes in the sustentaculum tali associated with distension of the tarsal sheath (thoroughpin). Results of the clinical and radiographic examination of 8 lame horses with tarsal sheath distension are described. In chronic cases pathological exostoses were identified radiographically in the sustentaculum tali and were demonstrated at post mortem in 4 of the horses which were destroyed. The prognosis and the feasibility of treatment are discussed in the light of these changes and the associated damage found at post mortem in the deep flexor tendon and its sheath. Trauma to the hock was known to have occurred in half the cases and was suspected in the others.
Congenital occipitoatlantoaxial malformations in the horse. From a clinical, radiological and morphological study of 9 horses with congenital malformations of the occiput, atlas and axis, and from a study of 2 reported cases, 3 diseases were defined: A. Familial occipitalisation of the atlas with atlantalisation of the axis in Arabian horses (7 cases in this report and the case reported by Leipold, et al., 1974). These horses had congenital atlantooccipital fusion, hypoplasia of the atlas and dens, malformation of the axis and modification of the atlantoaxial joint. B. Congenital asymmetrical occipitoatlantoaxial malformation (2 cases in this report). ...
A phonocardiographic study of equine heart sounds. The occurrence and timing of heart sounds were examined from phonocardiograms taken from the mitral, aortic and tricupsid recording areas in each of 18 horses. 10 sound events could be identified with each cardiac cycle. Atrial contraction produced up to 3 sound events. The first heart sound consisted of 4 components whereas the second sound was single. Two sound events were associated with the 3rd heart sound in early diastole. The occurrence of third and fourth heart sound components varied between horses and between recording areas. The mitral recording area was considered most satisfactory...
Metastatic phycomycosis in a horse. Extensive subcutaneous phycomycosis of the lower hindlimb developed over a period of 8 months in a Thoroughbred filly. There was no response to treatments such as trichlorphon, sodium iodide, or etisazole. Extension of the limb lesion over the following 3 months was associated with an enlarged inguinal lymph node, which was removed. Characteristic phycomycotic lesions were observed in the node, and a fungus having the morphologic features of Hyphomyces destruens was isolated from both the limb and nodal lesions.
Efficacy of trivalent inactivated encephalomyelitis virus vaccine in horses. Twenty-nine horses were vaccinated with a trivalent (Venezuelan, eastern, and western) inactivated equine encephalomyelitis virus vaccine. The vaccine purchased for this study was the only one licensed and commercially available in May, 1975. Plaque-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies in response to each of the 3 equine encephalomyelitis viruses were determined after vaccination. Horses had rising levels of plaque-neutralizing and hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies shortly after injection with the 1st and 2nd doses of the vaccine (given 3 weeks apart) and were refractory to c...
Ameloblastic ondontoma in a foal. A 4 month old foal with right sided maxillary enlargement and considerable upper airway obstruction had an ameloblastic odontoma in the right maxillary sinus. This odontogenic tumour, probably congenital in nature, had extensively distorted the structure and contours of the sinus, and displaced the adjacent turbinates and nasal septum.
A study of the hearing ability of horses. The ability of 10 horses to hear frequencies between 14 and 25 Kc/s was tested. The horses appeared to perceive ultrasounds by showing either fright reactions or Pryer reflexes to all of the 12 frequencies. The highest frequencies were heard less by older animals, and elicited more reactions in geldings than in mares.
Isolation of equine herpesvirus type 2 from foals, showing respiratory symptoms. No abstract available
Study of homologous and heterologous antibody response in California horses vaccinated with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC-83). Of 359 horses vaccinated with attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) vaccine (strain TC-83), 87% developed hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies to VEE virus within 1 month. Blood from a subsample of 101 of the 359 horses was obtained over a 1-year period. Within 1 month after vaccination, 84% of the 101 horses had developed VEE HI antibodies, 87% had developed VEE-neutralizing (Nt) antibodies, and 78% had developed VEE complement-fixing (CF) antibodies. One year after vaccination, 58% of the horses had VEE HI antibodies and 73% had VEE Nt antibodies. The percentage of hors...
A laboratory system for production of flexion rates and forces in the forelimb of the horse. The distal portion of the forelimb of the horse is provided with a stay apparatus composed of tendons, ligaments, and fascia. This stay apparatus provides the major resistance to joint flexion during the support phase of the stride. The laboratory test system described was shown to be able to reproduce in vitro limb motions and hoof forces measured with a running horse. These results indicated the stay apparatus operates in a largely passive mode, active muscle contraction apparently serving to provide rigidity only early in the support phase of the stride. The testing system described was des...
Biokinetical analysis of the movements of the pelvic limb of the horse and the role of the muscles in the walk and the trot. The movements of the right hind limb of horses with normal locomotion were studied using cinephotography and electromyography. A model of the cycle of a stride in the walk and the trot was constructed and the kinetic parameters of the segments of the limb were calculated. A good correlation was obtained between the kinetics and the periods of the cycle of a stride during which individual muscles display activity. The results of this study demonstrate that: at placing and lifting, i.e., when a change occurs in the direction of the movement of the limb; b) At the walk, the greatest forces operan...
Role of intracranial [H+] receptor in physiologic regulation of ventilation in ponies. Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence of an intracranial [H+] chemoreceptor mechanism capable of stimulating ventilation. 1 Supposedly, this chemoreceptor is located 0.2 mm below the surface of the ventrolateral side of the medulla and is responsive to [H+] in the surrounding cerebral extracellular fluid (ECF). During chronic conditions, ECF [H+] is supposedly in equilibrium with CSF [H+]; hence, stimulus level can be established through sampling and analysis of CSF. In this presentation, we summarize data from studies on spontaneously breathing, unanesthetized ponies which suggests...
Clinical signs and chemical confirmation of 4-aminopyridine poisoning in horses. 4-Aminopyridine poisoning in horses was diagnosed. Specific methods, utilizing thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography, were developed for determining the compound in stomach contents and corn bait. The lethal dose was estimated at 2 to 3 mg/kg of body weight.
Microculture method for mixed lymphocyte cultures in the horse. A miniaturized method for the mixed lymphocyte culture test in the horse is described. The test is performed in either round- or flat-bottom microtitration tissue culture plates. Concentrations of responsing and stimulating cells are varied, depening on the experiment. Significant discrimination between isogeneic and allogenic mixtures is possible after 120 hours' culture when cells are labeled ([3H]thymidine) for the last 16 to 18 hours of the test.
