Veterinary research in horses encompasses the study of diseases, health management, and medical treatments specific to equine species. This field investigates various aspects of horse health, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and musculoskeletal conditions. Researchers focus on understanding the pathophysiology of equine ailments, developing diagnostic tools, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. The study of horse health also involves examining preventive measures such as vaccination protocols and nutritional management to promote overall well-being. This page collects peer-reviewed research studies and scholarly articles that explore the diverse areas of veterinary science related to horses, providing insights into disease mechanisms, treatment strategies, and advancements in equine healthcare.
Fintl C, Ihler CF.D(+)-xylose absorption tests are commonly performed when investigating suspected small intestinal malabsorption in the horse. The test involves the administration of a D(+)-xylose solution via a nasogastric tube followed by serial blood sampling to determine its rate of absorption. In some horses, nasogastric intubation cannot be safely performed without prior administration of a sedative. Due to its short duration of action, the α(2) agonist xylazine is commonly used for this purpose. However, α(2) agonists have also been reported to influence the rate of gastric emptying as well as small i...
Stefancíková A, Derdáková M, Stepánová G, Pet'ko B, Szestáková E, Skardová I, Cisláková L.Geographically different strains of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (B. burgdorferi sensu stricto Ir 105, B. burgdorferi s.s. + B. afzelii V 123, B. garinii Ir 112 - isolates from eastern Slovakia, B. garinii K24 - isolate from western Slovakia and B. burgdorferi s.s. B 31 - American strain) were compared as antigens for serological study of Lyme borreliosis by IgG ELISA on a group of horses from eastern Slovakia. In a set of 101 horse serum samples, positivity with the use of Ir 105 strain was 53 (52.4%), with V 123 51 (51.49%), with Ir 112 48 (47.5%), with K 24 47 (46.5%) and with B 31 only ...
Gil L, Galindo-Cardiel I, Malo C, González N, Alvarez C.Cholesterol and Equex-STM are frequently added to different commercial and experimental extenders improving postthawing sperm quality. Doses of 125-150 mM of cholesterol from pig liver and 0.5-0.7% of Equex-STM were evaluated in a standard eggyolk extender (Martin et al., 1979). Six ejaculates per stallion from six pure Spanish stallions (6-8 years old) were collected in Martin's extender (B) and different mixtures of 125 mM-0.5% (I), 125 mM-0.7% (II), 150 mM-0.5% (III), and 150 mM-0.7% (IV) were added to original Martin's extender. Samples were frozen in 0.5 mL straws (100 × 10(6...
Crabill MR, Chaffin MK, Schmitz DG.The bicipital tendons and bursae of 25 healthy adult Quarter Horses were ultrasonographically examined. Cross-sectional images of the right and left bicipital tendons were obtained from each horse, using a 7.5-MHz transducer held in the frontal plane at the point of the shoulder. The bicipital tendon at the point of the shoulder appeared as a bilobate structure overlying the echogenic surface of the humerus. Median distance from the skin surface to the cranial surface of the tendon on the medial sagittal plane of the tendon was 23 mm (range, 16.5 to 30 mm); median distance on the lateral sagit...
Wiedenheft AM, Traub-Dargatz JL, Gillette SC, O'Keefe GJ, Rao S, Salman MD.The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of two different methods of online education using the knowledge base of African horse sickness (AHS) among US equine veterinarians as a model. An e-mail was sent to US veterinary members of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), inviting them to participate in a complementary online educational opportunity. We determined participants' baseline knowledge of AHS by their responses in an AHS case scenario. Participants were then randomly assigned to either a Webinar module or a text-formatted module, followed by an educa...
Kingma SE, Thibault ME, Betteridge KJ, Schlaf M, Gartley CJ, Chenier TS.Poor survival of cryopreservation by equine expanded blastocysts may involve low penetration of the embryonic capsule by cryoprotective agents (CPAs). This study characterized the permeation and accumulation rates of the CPAs ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (GLY) across isolated capsule in vitro, using a dual-chambered Valia-Chien permeation apparatus. Pieces of Days 14 to 18 ± 1 capsules separated media in the "donor" chamber containing either 1.5 M EG (n = 6), 0.74 M EG (n = 5), 0.87 M GLY (n = 7), or 0.15 M NaCl (saline, SAL) (n = 6), from the "recipient" chamber. Concentrations of CPA, ...
Joó K, Duque Betancourt D, Vasquez Marin T, Parra Moyano LA.The dynamic upper airway functional (URT) problems of Colombian paso horses (CPH) have not been investigated in literature up to date. These horses perform special walking gaits with high poll flexion of the neck. Our goal is to evaluate the upper airway mechanics in CPH, showing abnormal respiratory sounds and poor performance during exercise. Resting and overground endoscopy was performed in 40 CPHs. Statistical analyses were performed using the sciPy package. One-tailed Fisher exact tests were used to check for positive contingency between each pair of upper respiratory tract disorder (P < ...
Fisher J.The life and work is told of John Pottie (1832-1908), a Scotsman who graduated from Edinburgh Veterinary College in 1858. A year later, he contracted to provide veterinary care to a consignment of horses bound for Australia. Once there, he founded a firm that has survived to the present day, still marketing products that originated in his own veterinary remedies. John Pottie brought with him a European tradition of livestock care and treatment that was epitomised in Clater's title and book, Every man his own farrier. His career is of interest for several reasons. Firstly it is because he used ...
van Loon JP, de Grauw JC, van Oostrom H.The aim of this study was to compare different methods to determine venous admixture (Q˙/Q˙) in anaesthetized horses. The first objective was to estimate Q˙/Q˙ using jugular venous blood oxygen content (Q˙/Q˙), and a fixed value for the oxygen extraction (F-shunt). The second objective was to assess the influence of blood pressure and positioning on oxygen extraction. The third objective was to perform regression analysis between jugular and mixed venous blood oxygen tensions. Methods: Prospective, experimental trial. Methods: The study was performed with seven warmblood horses that were...
Page SW.The use of chloramphenicol in the horse is now prohibited as horses are classified as food-producing animals. However, chloramphenicol has until recently been widely available for oral, intramuscular or intravenous administration. A critical appraisal of the published literature on the use of chloramphenicol in the horse clearly demonstrates that there are sound pharmacokinetic and microbiological reasons for concluding that chloramphenicol is not an appropriate antibiotic for systemic use. The short half-life of chloramphenicol in the horse, together with the broad range of minimum inhibitory...
Lee JY, Kang TY, Lee YD, Shin TK.The binding specificities of various lectins, such as the Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and the Bandeiraea simplicifolia BS-1 (Isolectin B4), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Arachis hypogaea (PNA), and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I) lectins, were studied in the vomeronasal organ of the horse. The microvilli of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium were positive for DBA, SBA, Isolectin B4, WGA, PNA, and UEA-I. The receptor cells showed intense reactivity for DBA and WGA. Lectins were not detected in the supporting cells or basal cells. The Jacobson's glands were positive for WGA a...
Kharchenko VA, Kuzmina TA.The fourth larval stage (L4) of Coronocyclus labratus (Looss, 1900) Hartwich, 1986, one of the common species of the Cyathostominae found in equids, is identified and described. The larvae found were identified as C. labratus by finding moulting forms possessing characters of both larval and adult stages. The larvae are similar to those of Cylicocyclus leptostomum (Kotlán, 1920) Foster, 1936, Cyathostomum catinatum Looss, 1900 and Cylicostephanus goldi (Boulenger, 1917) Lichtenfels, 1975. The buccal capsule (BC) wall of the L4 of Cylicocyclus leptostomum is thinner than that of Coronocyclus l...
Jaeschke G, Rudolph R.In a review supplementary to prior evaluations further hematological or cytodiagnostic aspects respectively of equine leucosis are discussed. Leukemic nature of the disease is characterized by increased count of normal blood cells or by the presence of morphologically non-differentiated cells in circulating blood or by disorder or loss of function of blood cells respectively. Thrombocytopenia in the most cases is accompanied by anemia, leukemia and tumor cell infiltration in bone marrow. Tumor cells in circulating blood indicate their presence in bone marrow too. In cases of equine leucosis wi...
Lantz KC, Enders AC, Liu IK.In addition to the unique feature of retention of unfertilized ova, the oviducts of mares frequently contain large intraluminal masses with a fibrillar component and some cells. The aim of this study was to identify the cells and examine their relationship to the extracellular components of these masses. Intraluminal masses were examined both in situ and flushed from the oviducts. The nature of the contained cells and their relationship to the fibrils were examined by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In some mares the large masses distended the oviduct, bu...
Palmieri G, Panu R, Asole A, Farina V, Sanna L.The various types of sensory nerve endings found in the peroneus tertius muscle in the ass and in the horse have been studied with Ruffini's gold chloride method. Free nerve endings have been described as well as encapsulated receptors. These corpuscles are classified as Pacini-like, Ruffini's terminations and also Golgi's tendon-organs. The authors have pointed out the morphology, topography and structural characteristics of the above named nervous terminations and have hypothesized that a probable functional relation existed between these nervous corpuscles and the considered tendinous struc...
Schallberger SP, Doherr MG, Ueltschi G.The lack of "standard uptake pattern" to refer to when interpreting scintigraphic images poses a problem to anyone working with skeletal scintigraphy. An article written by Koblik et al. stated that in the normal scintigraphic image of older horses, the dorsal cortex of the metacarpus and metatarsus is not identifiable, whereas it can be identified in younger horses. In this retrospective study we evaluated the association between the age of a horse and visibility of the dorsal cortex of the metacarpus and metatarsus. We found that dorsal cortical uptake can be seen in the normal adult horse. ...
Whitton RC, Kannegieter NJ, Rose RJ.To examine the relationship between medial palmar intercarpal ligament (MPICL) tearing and postoperative performance in racing horses. Methods: The postoperative performance of 42 horses in which the midcarpal joint was examined arthroscopically was followed prospectively. Intra-articular variables examined were the severity of MPICL tearing, subchondral bone damage and articular cartilage damage. Using a scoring system based on the class of race and the position in the race, a mean score was calculated for up to five races before and after surgery. The preoperative score was subtracted from t...
Oikawa MA, Kamada M, Yoshihara T, Kaneko M, Yoshikawa T.To elucidate the current status of foal diseases in Japan, clinico-pathological analysis was conducted on 237 foal autopsy cases. As a result, bacterial infection was identified as an important cause of foal death. Most of the bacteria isolated from these cases were ubiquitous, opportunistic, environmental organisms, known to be non-pathogenic to mature animals. Most of cases with bacterial infection were diagnosed as having hypogammaglobulinemia, i.e., failure of passive transfer. In addition, the mean weight of thymuses in foals affected by bacterial infection tended to be lower than that of...
Caure S, Bonomelli N, Carro M, Leveillard D, Blanville F, Mortagne P, Cousty M, Weller R.Although the effects of both the surfaces and plantar angles on equine locomotion have been widely discussed, limited scientific data are available. Methods: Our objectives were to determine the effects of two surfaces (asphalt and sand) and of 3-degree hind toe or heel elevation on horse kinematics in an experimental study. Six saddle horses were shod with a reference shoeing (REF), characterized by a fore aluminium (REF F) and hind steel racehorse (REF H) shoeing. Two dimensional kinematic videos compared horse's kinematic parameters when walking and trotting on asphalt and sand. On asphalt,...
Kaneko JJ, Rudolph WG, Wilson DW, Carlson GP.Serum bile acids were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 13 control and 8 cases of liver disease in horses. The severity and type of liver injury was determined by histopathological examination of biopsy and/or necropsy specimens. The total serum bile acids (tSBA) were determined in these horses by an enzymatic method (SBA-EA) and by summation of the bile acids (SBA-LC) as fractionated by the HPLC. The SBA-LC were generally higher than the SBA-EA in both the controls and liver disease and they did not parallel each other. The primary bile acids, total cholates and...
Dos Reis WVA, de Braga D, Júnior MV, Gheller JM, de Deco-Souza T, da Costa E Silva EV, Sampaio BFB, Macedo GG.Dispersed ovulation at the breeding (BS) and anestrus at non-breeding season (NBS) are major impediments to embryo transfer and insemination programmes. The present study aimed to evaluate a hormonal P4/E2-based synchronisation protocol in mares during both the BS and the NBS on ovarian/follicle behaviour. Mares underwent a hormone protocol to synchronise their ovulation during the BS (n = 8) and NBS (n = 10), starting (D0) with the insertion of an intravaginal device containing 1 g of P4 and 7 mg Estradiol Benzoate IM. (EB). On D9, the device was removed and injected with 0.25 mg o...
Testa M, Raffe MR, Robinson EP.Twenty-five percent, 50%, and 67% nitrous oxide was administered to 12 horses anesthetized with halothane and oxygen. Compared to halothane-oxygen alone, there was no significant difference in heart rate, systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure values, arterial pH, PaCO2, or plasma bicarbonate values when nitrous oxide was included. A significant linear reduction in PaO2 values could be correlated with N2O:O2 concentrations. The halothane level required to maintain surgical anesthesia was reduced when nitrous oxide was administered, but it was not affected by changing the nitrous oxide con...
Bland SA, Blake JW, Ray RS.Mefenamic acid is extracted from biological fluids and is acylated with pentafluoropropionic anhydride to form a derivative possessing high electron affinity. The derivative is analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with an electron capture detector. The method is particularly valuable for determining drug levels in blood where small sample and/or drug concentrations are available.
Abu-Seida A.Diaphragmatic hernia (DH) represents an acute abdominal crisis, but respiratory symptoms may be occurring. Different types of diaphragmatic hernias (DHs) like typical DH, Morgagni hernia, hiatal hernia and diaphragmatic diverticulum have been recorded in equids. These DHs have various clinical presentations and prognoses. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical repair are highly recommended in order to diminish the ischemic changes to thoracic and abdominal viscera, thus improving the overall prognosis of equids with DH. Over last decade, the prognosis of DH in equids was better than previously be...
Moorman VJ, Marshall JF, Devine DV, Payton M, Jann HW, Bahr R.Radiographic diagnosis of equine bone disease using digital radiography is prevalent in veterinary practice. However, the diagnostic quality of digital vs. conventional radiography has not been compared systematically. We hypothesized that digital radiography would be superior to film-screen radiography for detection of subtle lesions of the equine third metacarpal bone. Twenty-four third metacarpal bones were collected from horses euthanized for reasons other than orthopedic disease. Bones were dissected free of soft tissue and computed tomography was performed to ensure that no osseous abnor...
Thomas PG, Ball BA.To facilitate the study of interactions between equine spermatozoa and homologous oviduct epithelial cells, we developed an assay to count labelled spermatozoa bound to oviduct epithelial cell (OEC) monolayers and used the assay to compare the binding ability of spermatozoa from different stallions. Washed spermatozoa from three stallions were incubated with the fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 (5 micrograms/ml) for 1 min. Spermatozoa were then layered over confluent monolayers of oviduct epithelial cells in 2 cm2 culture wells. Coculture treatments comprised five concentrations of spermatozoa (10(5...
Stadler P, Weinberger T, Kinkel N, Deegen E.B- and M-mode echocardiography was performed on 38 horses. 34 patients had systolic heart murmur with the point of maximal intensity over mitral valve. Additionally, 17 of these patients were examined with the pulsed wave doppler echocardiography (Vingmed 200). In 26 patients with cardiac murmur and in 4 patients without cardiac murmur a mitral valve insufficiency was diagnosed by echocardiography. In 8 horses with a systolic murmur over mitral valve M- and B-mode evaluation could not reveal a haemodynamic importance of the murmur. The diagnosis of MVI was based on a dilation of left atrium wi...
Pecheur M.A number of good anthelmintic drugs are currently available which eliminate gastrointestinal nematodes of equids with over 90% success. This is shown by comparing results of critical tests conducted with 9 anthelmintic agents on ponies using the following dosages: 19 mg/kg for Pyrantel embonate, 10 mg/kg for Oxfendazole, 10 mg/kg for Mebendazole, 5 mg/kg for Albendazole, 40 mg/kg for Dichlorvos, 44 mg/kg for Thiabendazole, 7.5 mg/kg, for Fenbendazole, 20 mg/kg for Cambendazole and 7 mg/kg for Parbendazole. From 6 to 9 ponies were treated with each of these anthelmintic agents. Based on total a...
Kelley DE, Schnobrich MR, Gayer S, Scoggin C, Bradcamp E, Canisso IF.The objective of this study was to compare a commercially available leukocyte esterase strip test with endometrial cytology in diagnosing endometritis and establish a cutoff point, sensitivity, and specificity for the leukocyte esterase test (LET). Forty-six light breed mares presented for breeding management were enrolled in this study. Transrectal palpation and ultrasonography examinations were performed to determine when the mares were in estrus. Kalayjian endometrial swabs were used for culture, cytology, and the LET by using the cap to retrieve an endometrial scraping. Thirty-six mares ha...
Attenburrow DP, Bowring CS, Vennart W.The detection of radionuclide activity in the living equine skeleton, using bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals and a hand-held radiation detector, is reported. Pathological changes in bone can be detected and subsequent development monitored. The availability and use of this diagnostic technique in equine practice is discussed.
