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PloS one2016; 11(9); e0162371; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162371

A Survey on Transport Management Practices Associated with Injuries and Health Problems in Horses.

Abstract: An online survey was conducted to determine associations between transport management and transport-related injuries and diseases in horses in Australia. The survey was composed of three sections: respondents' demographic information, transport management strategies or procedures (before, during and after transportation) and transport diseases experienced in the previous two year period. Univariate and multivariate modelling was performed exploring associations between variables (respondents' details and transport management strategies) and the following transport-related diseases as outcomes: traumatic injuries, diarrhoea, heat stroke, muscular problems, laminitis, transport pneumonia and colic. The survey generated 797 responses. Traumatic injuries were the most common transport-related problem, with a reported incidence of 45.0%. Younger respondents (30 in a week) were more likely to report transport-related injuries. Injury risk was also linked to the use of protections and tranquilizers prior to transport, and checking horses after the journey. Diarrhoea (20.0%) and heat stroke (10.5%) were reported more by amateur than professional horse carers. Increased risk of heat stroke was linked to the restriction of hay and water prior to transportation. Muscular problems (13.0%) appeared to be exacerbated when horse health was not assessed before journey; whilst the risk of laminitis (2.9%) was around three fold greater when post transport recovery strategies were not applied. Associations were made between transport pneumonia (9.2%) and duration of journey, and with activity (horses involved in racing at greater risk). No associations were seen between the incidence of colic (10.3%) and the variables examined. Study findings should be interpreted with caution as they represent participant perceptions and recall. Nevertheless, results support many current recommendations for safe transportation of horses. They also highlight the need to further investigate many of identified management factors to refine existing policies and practices in equine transportation.
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Publication Date: 2016-09-02 PubMed ID: 27588689PubMed Central: PMC5010189DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162371Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article focuses on how transport management techniques influence the occurrence of transport-related injuries and diseases amongst horses in Australia.

Survey Methodology

  • The study was conducted using an online survey to gather data.
  • The survey was divided into three parts: first, it collected demographic information of respondents; second, it gathered details about their transport management strategies including procedures before, during and after transport; lastly, it asked about any transport-related diseases experienced in the last two years.
  • The research mainly focused on identifying associations between different variables including respondents’ details and transport management strategies with the outcome of different transport-related diseases such as traumatic injuries, diarrhoea, heat stroke, muscular problems, laminitis, transport pneumonia and colic.
  • The study received a total of 797 responses.

Key Findings

  • Traumatic injuries were the most common transport-related problems, with an incidence rate of 45.0%.
  • Younger respondents (30 per week) reported more transport-related injuries.
  • The risk of injury was also linked with the use of protections and tranquilizers prior to transport and post-trip horse checking.
  • Amateur horse carers reported a higher prevalence of diarrhoea (20.0%) and heat stroke (10.5%) as compared to professionals.
  • Increased risk of heat stroke was associated with restriction of hay and water prior to transport.
  • Muscular problems (13.0%) were more prevalent when horse health was not evaluated before the journey, while the risk of laminitis (2.9%) was three times more when post-transport recovery strategies were not implemented.
  • Associations were identified between transport pneumonia (9.2%) and the duration of the journey, and horses involved in racing were at greater risk.
  • No associations were identified between the incidence of colic (10.3%) and the variables checked.

Implications of the Study

  • The findings of the study, although based on participant perceptions and recall, supports many of the current recommendations for the safe transportation of horses. It also emphasizes the need for further investigation into many of the identified management factors.
  • The research also indicated the need to refine existing policies and practices related to equine transportation based on the findings.

Cite This Article

APA
Padalino B, Raidal SL, Hall E, Knight P, Celi P, Jeffcott L, Muscatello G. (2016). A Survey on Transport Management Practices Associated with Injuries and Health Problems in Horses. PLoS One, 11(9), e0162371. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162371

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 9
Pages: e0162371
PII: e0162371

Researcher Affiliations

Padalino, Barbara
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Raidal, Sharanne L
  • School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.
Hall, Evelyn
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
Knight, Peter
  • Discipline of Biomedical Science, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Celi, Pietro
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
Jeffcott, Leo
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.
Muscatello, Gary
  • School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia.

MeSH Terms

  • Animal Husbandry / methods
  • Animals
  • Australia
  • Colic / epidemiology
  • Colic / veterinary
  • Diarrhea / epidemiology
  • Diarrhea / veterinary
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  • Heat Stroke / epidemiology
  • Heat Stroke / veterinary
  • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
  • Horses
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Transportation
  • Wounds and Injuries / epidemiology
  • Wounds and Injuries / veterinary

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 24 times.
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